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1.
温度对西南桦种子萌发的影响研究初报 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对采自广西、云南的9个西南桦地理种源的种子，设置15，20，25，30℃温度处理，研究不同地理种源种子的萌发特征及其受温度条件的影响。结果表明，西南桦种子在不同温度条件下种源间发芽率差异不显著，而发芽速度、芽苗根、茎生长以及发芽始期和子叶出现期均存在显著差异；各种源种子的发芽特征亦存在显著差异，但不存在明显的地理变异趋势；以龙州种源的种子发芽最快，生长最好；25℃是西南桦各种源芽苗茎生长的最适宜温度，而其根生长的最适宜温度多为20～25℃。研究结果为西南桦不同地理种源苗木培育及了解其环境适应性提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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通过Ｐ．ｔ．优良菌株９１０９在不同培养基上生长速度、培养特性及其生长规律的研究，筛选出生长最佳培养基作为基础培养基，进行Ｃ、Ｎ营养研究，试验结果表明：Ｐ．ｔ．９１０９不仅能利用单糖、低聚糖和无机Ｎ等速效Ｃ、Ｎ源，而且能利用多糖、多元醇和有机Ｎ等长效Ｃ、Ｎ源。其菌丝生长最适Ｃ源是玉米粉和甘露糖；最适Ｎ源是蛋白胨和氯化铵。在无机Ｎ利用中，对硝态Ｎ和铵态Ｎ的利用无显著差异。应用Ｌ１６（４５）正交设计确定了Ｐ．ｔ．９１０９菌丝生长的最佳营养配方，菌丝增殖高达８６０倍，不但提高菌丝生物产量，而且节省了原料，降低了成本，为改进Ｐ．ｔ．菌剂生产配方和研制新型菌剂提供了最佳营养条件。 相似文献
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不同种源香椿抗寒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以河南西峡等10个种源1年生香椿为材料,研究了不同低温处理条件下离体茎段的相对电导率,并与活体茎段及自然降温过程中各种源的表现进行了分析比较.用Logistic方程拟合曲线,求出拐点温度即低温半致死温度(LT_50),作为评价各种源香椿抗寒能力的参考指标.结果表明:各种源离体茎段相对电导率随处理温度的降低而呈"S"形曲线上升,其LT_50最低者为山东济南种源为-7.94℃,最高者为福建霞浦种源为-3.88℃;10个种源香椿抗寒性由大到小依次为山东济南、山东荷泽、河南西峡、陕西安康、江苏南京、四川广元、湖南洞口、湖北随州、贵州黔西南、福建霞浦,与大田自然越冬条件下各种源的表现基本一致. 相似文献
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光核桃Prunus mira集果、花、药等多用途于一身,具有较高的生态价值和经济价值。为探明不同地理种源光核桃的抗旱生理特性,以西藏4个不同地理种源(林芝、郎县、山南、波密)的光核桃为材料,测定并分析干旱和复水条件下的叶片含水量、叶绿素、酶活系统的酶活性等生理指标。结果表明:不同种源的光核桃在干旱和复水条件下各项生理指标变化不同。其中,山南种源的光核桃叶片相对含水量在干旱和复水处理下均高于其他3个种源;3种抗氧化酶(POD、APX和GR)在干旱和复水处理下均高于3个种源,并在干旱18 d时达到最高值,说明山南种源的光核桃较抗旱。波密种源的伤害指标(MDA、O2·–、H2O2)在干旱和复水处理下均高于其他3个种源,并在干旱18 d时达到最高值,说明波密种源的光核桃抗旱性最弱。 相似文献
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2种牛肝菌的生理学特性及抗盐碱性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对美味牛肝菌和褐疣柄牛肝菌在不同培养基、不同梯度的培养温度、不同pH值条件、不同碳 (C)源和氮(N)源下的生长特性以及抗盐碱性进行了研究。结果表明 :美味牛肝菌适合在MMN培养基上生长 ,褐疣柄牛肝菌适合在PDA、MMN和MRD上生长 ;2菌种适生pH值范围为 4～ 9,最适pH值为 5～ 6 ,最适生长温度为 2 5～ 30℃ ;美味牛肝菌利用最好的C源是葡萄糖和淀粉 ,而褐疣柄牛肝菌利用最好的C源是葡萄糖 ;2菌种对供试的有机N源均利用较好 ,尤以牛肉浸膏为最佳 ;无机N源中 ,2菌种对 (NH4 ) 2 SO4 和KNO3利用较好。抗盐碱性试验表明 :2菌种有一定的抗盐碱能力 ,但pH和盐的双胁迫作用显然对菌丝体生长影响显著 ,菌丝体干质量下降较为明显。 相似文献
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基于国内外关于大气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放源研究的调查，阐述了环境空气中VOCs排放源以及来源解析的研究现状。研究结果表明：天然源最重要的排放物是异戊二烯和单萜烯；交通运输是全球最大的VOCs人为排放源，溶剂使用是第二大排放源；通过交通干道研究、隧道研究、实验室转鼓和台架实验研究，掌握了机动车不同车型尾气的VOCs组成特征；运用cMB和PMF模型得出VOCs的主要排放源有机动车尾气、燃料挥发（LPG、NG和汽油）、石油化工和涂料／溶剂的使用等，为进一步开展VOCs源解析研究提供参考。 相似文献
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基于岳阳市通量观测塔2006年全年观测数据,应用FSAM模型,分析不同大气稳定度下该观测点通量信息的源区分布。结果表明:主风方向上(0°～90°),通量源区(P=0.9)迎风向(X向)上的分布范围在稳定大气条件下为110～3500m,而在非稳定大气条件下为90～1800m;3个非主风方向上(90°～180°,180°～270°和270°～360°)通量源区(P=0.9)迎风向(X向)上的分布范围在稳定大气条件下以180°～270°最大,为110～4500m,而在非稳定大气条件下3者相当,为90～1800m;主风方向上,相同大气条件下,生长季的通量源区略大于非生长季的通量源区,且生长季和非生长季的通量源区在不稳定大气条件下都比稳定大气条件下小;通量观测结果能代表仪器所在地的下垫面特征。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献