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1.
NP营养对杉木、湿地松、尾叶桉苗木干物质分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对酸性土壤上NP营养对杉木、湿地松、尾叶桉苗木根冠干物质分配的影响进行研究.结果表明:随着土壤NP营养亏缺的解除,尾叶桉苗叶片、根系干物质的累积随之下降,光合产物向茎部转移;湿地松根、茎干物质积累随NP营养水平的提高而下降,光合产物的累积向叶片转移;杉木根系干物质随NP营养亏缺的解除而下降,光合产物向叶片和茎部转移.3个树种的共同特点是:在营养亏缺状态下,苗木根冠比(R/S)的提高实际上反应了苗木对土壤NP营养亏缺的适应性特征.关于NP营养与根冠干物质分配的关系可以应用异速生长模型、Thornley模型、功能平衡模型来表示,3种模型均能良好反应出酸性土壤上NP营养对苗木干物质分配的影响,应用模型可对苗木根冠生长速率进行调控,这无疑对苗木的培育有重大的意义.异速生长模型中k=1可作为判别苗木营养最适平衡的一个标志. 相似文献
2.
N、P、NP营养对杉木苗木生长和光合产物分配的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
对NP营养亏缺条件下施N，P和P营养亏缺条件下施NP对苗木生长和光合产物分配的影响进行了研究。结果表明：（1）在土壤NP营养亏缺状态下，施N对不同苗龄杉木苗木的影响不同。施N对2a生苗木生长有明显促进作用，而对1a生苗木反而有抑制作用。说明2a生苗木对N营养的需求高于1a生苗木。（2）在NP亏缺状态下，增加N素的供应，使得2a生苗木光合产物的累积由根部向冠部转移；而施P使得2a生苗木的光合产物的累积则由冠部向根部转移，1a生苗木的光合产物累积则由根部向冠部转移，由此可见，苗龄不同，其对营养的反应也不尽相同。（3）在N素营养充足，P素亏缺状态下，NP复合肥对2a生苗木干物质分配规律是；随着P营养亏缺的解除。光合产物累积由根向茎，叶转移，其中向茎转移累积量为0.50%-3.13%，向叶部转移为7.21%-11.76%。显然光合产物累积主要向叶部转移。（4）光合产物的累积由根系向冠部转移，表明营养亏缺得到明显改善或者安全解除，相反则表明营养的供应并没有从实质上解除亏缺或进一步加剧了营养失调。（5）在N素营养充足，P素亏缺状态下，施NP复合肥（NH4）2HPO4对2a生苗木生长的影响有其独特的变化规律。在施肥初期，反应出施肥对苗木生长产生了一定抑制作用。但随着NP营养水平的提高，施NP对苗木初期高生长的抑制作用消失的速度也随之加快，其原因主要是培养基N素比较充足之故。当外加N素后，造成N素过量，对苗木产生毒害作用。抑制了苗木生长。但随着施肥量的增加和土壤N素的挥发损失。这种抑制作用也随之降低。使得P素促进作用超过了N素的抑制作用。 相似文献
3.
通过对1年生赤枝栲干物质的生产及氮磷营养动态研究,结果表明:不同的生长季节1年生赤枝栲苗木的各器官生长速率有很大差异,5~7月份根、叶生长迅速,以后迅速下降,8~10月份茎、侧根生长迅速;5~7月份大多数的光合产物用于形成根与叶,少量用于充实茎与侧根的生长;净同化率出现在5~7月份,与根系的生长呈显著的正相关;不同器官在其年生长周期中,氮、磷营养动态表现不同,养分吸收与赤枝栲生长发育规律相吻合。 相似文献
4.
为探究育苗方式对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)苗根系生长的影响,从生长量、生物量以及根系生长状况等方面,分析采用沙床及托盘培育的1年生杉木苗的生长差异。结果表明,采用沙床培育的轻基质杉木苗的平均苗高和平均地径分别为31.38 cm、4.51 mm,高于采用托盘培育的轻基质杉木苗(25.69 cm、3.34 mm)。采用沙床及托盘培育的杉木苗的根冠比分别为0.24、0.16;采用沙床及托盘培育的轻基质杉木苗的侧根数量分别为84.3、68.8条。采用沙床培育的轻基质杉木苗的侧根数量以及根冠比显著高于采用托盘培育的轻基质杉木苗,说明沙床较托盘培育的苗木根系发达,更利于保持苗木水分的平衡。采用沙床培育的苗木出圃率为88.75%,显著高于托盘培育的苗木出圃率。 相似文献
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选用来自贵州黎平马褂木优良种源的23个优树自由授粉家系,设置低氮素和高氮素2种水平的盆栽试验,以研究马褂木家系苗生长对氮素营养的遗传反应差异及所受遗传控制.结果表明:不同氮素水平下,马褂木苗的生长、干物质积累、叶片和根系等性状皆存在显著的家系遗传差异;低氮胁迫将显著抑制马褂木苗叶片发育和根系生长,影响苗高生长和干物质积累,但低氮素水平下生产的光合产物则较多地分配至地下根系部分以促进对氮素的吸收利用;与高氮处理比较,低氮胁迫加大了苗木生长、叶片和根系参数等家系遗传分化,有利于鉴别高氮效率的马褂木优良家系.马褂木家系氮效率差异很大,变化在17.5%～98.8%间,初选出乌10等8个高氮效率且在低氮素水平下生长优良的家系,以及乌11等12个氮肥敏感型而在高氮素水平下生长优良的家系.研究发现,低氮素水平下马褂木苗高、干物质积累量、叶片性状(叶片数、叶片长、叶片宽)、根系参数(根体积、侧根数和须根数)等都受中到强度的家系遗传控制,可用这些子性状评价马褂木家系氮效率. 相似文献
6.
《林业科学》2021,57(2)
【目的】研究阔叶树不同冠层高度对当年生小枝上单叶生物量与出叶强度之间关系的影响,以期探明森林内光照环境变化对树木小枝性状的影响,为揭示阔叶树林冠生长对光环境变化的响应机制提供理论依据。【方法】采用标准化主轴回归估计(standardized major axis estimation,SMA)方法对江西省阳际峰自然保护区内69种阔叶树不同冠层高度的单叶生物量(ILM)与出叶强度(单位茎生物量的叶片数量与单位茎体积的叶片数量,Lim与Liv)的异速生长关系(树木本身某一部分的相对增长)进行研究,分析不同冠层高度(上冠层与下冠层)对亚热带常绿阔叶林内常绿和落叶树种的单叶生物量与出叶强度之间关系的影响。【结果】1)常绿和落叶树种的Liv、比叶面积和单叶面积均存在显著差异(P0.05),但两者的叶片数量、ILM、Lim和茎密度均无显著差异(P 0.05)。常绿树种在不同冠层高度处的叶片数量、Liv、比叶面积、Lim和茎密度均存在显著差异(P0.05),但落叶树种在不同冠层高度处仅与比叶面积存在显著差异(P0.05)。2)常绿和落叶树种不同冠层高度当年生小枝的单叶生物量与出叶强度之间均为负等速关系;冠层高度对常绿树种小枝ILM-Lim的异速生长指数(方程斜率)无显著影响(P=0.95),但上冠层小枝ILM-Lim的异速生长常数(方程截距)显著高于下冠层(分别为1.24、1.05);冠层高度对落叶树种当年生小枝ILM-Lim的异速生长指数(P=0.65)与异速生长常数(P=0.83)均无显著影响。3)冠层高度对常绿树种当年生小枝ILM-Liv的异速生长指数(P=0.43)与异速生长常数(P=0.16)均无显著影响,对落叶树种当年生小枝ILM-Liv的异速生长指数(P=0.69)与异速生长常数(P=0.28)也无显著影响。【结论】冠层高度对常绿和落叶树种当年生小枝的单叶生物量与出叶强度之间的负等速关系未产生影响,但冠层高度对常绿树种的异速生长常数则产生显著影响,表明在一定的出叶强度下,上冠层具有更高的单叶生物量,这可能是受当年生小枝在不同冠层高度处的枝、叶资源获取策略不同所引起。 相似文献
7.
以1年生107杨幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同镉浓度处理对107杨苗叶片光合作用和干物质分配的影响.结果表明:107杨1年生苗在镉处理10 d内,50、100、150、200 mg·kg-1浓度处理的叶片净光合速率表现为先大幅下降后逐步回升的变化规律,与对照相比,下降的最大幅度分别达17.1％、17.8％、23.9％、24.7％,镉胁迫浓度越大苗木所受胁迫程度越重,在镉胁迫1d时,净光合速率大幅下降的原因主要是发生了由气孔因素为主导的光合限制;胁迫第10～40天内,50～200 mg· kg-1浓度处理的叶片净光合速率与对照的差异不显著;胁迫处理40 d后,仅200 mg· kg-1镉浓度处理对苗木净光合速率具显著抑制作用,150 mg· kg-1镉浓度对107杨净光合速率的影响可能是一个重要的阀值.镉胁迫条件下,107杨苗茎部干物质分配比率随着处理浓度的增大而增大,根部则随处理浓度的增大而下降,高浓度200 mg·kg-1处理能导致苗木根冠比大幅度下降,使苗木根系生长受到严重阻碍. 相似文献
8.
南亚热带4个不同演替阶段树种苗木环境适应性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文用净光合作用速率为指标从生态位宽度、重叠和理论生态位中心与现实生态位中心的偏离程度等方面来探讨不同演替阶段森林群落的优势树种苗木对环境适应性的问题 ,并采用同位素技术研究了光环境与苗木光合产物的输出和分配的关系。研究结果表明 ,森林演替先锋树种马尾松的苗木对土壤含水量变化 (变旱 )和全日照的光环境的适应性最强 ;演替后期种黄果厚壳桂对土壤含水量的变化的适应性最差 ;演替过渡种藜蒴对pH值的变化适应性最强 ,演替后期种黄果厚壳桂的适应性最差 ;生态位宽度与生态位中心偏离值都表现出演替过渡种藜蒴和荷木对矿物质浓度梯度变化适应性最强 ,这与它们苗木有较发达的根系相关密切 ,从而反映了森林演替过渡种比先锋树种和演替后期种有较强的对矿物质营养浓度等条件变化适应性。 4个树种苗木的生态位重叠度都较高 ,说明在森林演替过程中 ,各阶段的树种对资源的竞争是比较激烈的。同时光合产物输出与分配规律的研究结果还表明了 ,弱光对森林演替先锋树种马尾松的光合产物的输出与分配是不利的 ,而全日照的光环境却不利于森林演替过渡种和演替后期种苗木的光合产物的输出与分配 相似文献
9.
杉木 檫树光合特性研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
在离体条件下,用红外线CO_2气体分析仪,测定杉木(Cunninghamia Ian-ceolata)和檫树(Pseudosassafras Iaxiflora)的光-光合曲线。固定叶位叶的净光合速率随叶龄的增加和冠层光强度的减弱而降低;同一技条上,净光合速率又都随叶着生部位的升高而升高。杉木的耐荫性比檫树强。衫木3年生阳位叶CO_2日交换呈释放过程。林冠光合产物的积累,杉木主要来自冠表1年生阳位叶,檫树为冠表不断产生的技顶功能叶。 相似文献
10.
氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗生长及营养吸收的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用盆栽试验方法,以铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素[CO(NH2)2]为氮源,研究氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗植株大小、生物量、根系形态特征和苗木元素含量及积累量的影响。结果表明:氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗木的高度、基径、根冠比值、地上部和根系的生物量、根系形态特性、苗木中元素含量及积累量有明显的影响。以50%NH+4-N+50%NO-3-N为氮源的苗高、基径、根冠比值、整株及地上部和根系的生物量、根系的总表面积及平均直径、根尖数、苗木中元素含量及积累量都最大;单一供应CO(NH2)2的苗木根系总长度和总体积最大,苗木整株和地上部及根系的生物量、苗木中的元素含量及积累量仅低于50%NH+4-N+50%NO-3-N的处理;单一供应NO-3-N的苗木矮小,整株、地上部及根系的生物量和根系的形态及生长指标都最低,各种元素的含量及积累量也最少;单一供应NH+4-N时,在夏季叶片出现大量灼烧状坏死,其症状随NH+4-N的比例增加而加重,苗木也纤细,组织不充实,须根短,坏死较多,植株的生物量和根冠比及根系总长度、表面积、体积、平均直径和根尖数都较小,营养元素的积累量也较低。铁核桃对NH+4-N或NO-3-N没有明显的偏好。在NH+4-N与NO-3-N的比例各占50%时能够更好地促进铁核桃苗木的生长及营养的吸收,尿素也有较好的效果。 相似文献
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12.
A model was developed that simulated photosynthesis, growth and allocation in tree seedlings. The model was parameterized with data from experiments on seedlings of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.) and young birch trees (Betula pendula Roth.). In these experiments, CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and nutrient addition rate were varied. Parameters quantifying nutrient uptake, translocation and starch synthesis were fitted, based on data from control treatments. Elevated [CO2] and low-nutrient treatments were then used to test the predicted response of growth and allocation against observations. The model accurately predicted total seedling growth in the elevated [CO2] treatments. A response of growth to elevated [CO2] was seen in the birch and sycamore experiments, but not in the Sitka spruce, because of photosynthetic down-regulation. Predictions of allocation were reasonably accurate in the birch and Sitka spruce experiments, but were notably poorer in the sycamore experiments, possibly because of differences in sink strength between root and shoot. In the birch and sycamore experiments, little change in allocation with elevated [CO2] was observed or predicted. This was ascribed to the relative values of K(Tc) and K(Tn), the translocation coefficients that determine the sensitivity of allocation to carbon and nitrogen uptake rates, respectively. Growth and allocation in the low-nutrient treatments were poorly predicted by the model. In Sitka spruce, it was suspected that the photosynthetic parameters measured in August 1994 had been higher earlier in the season, before nutrients became depleted. In sycamore, the discrepancies were thought to relate to differences in sink strength between root and shoot that could not be described by the model. 相似文献
13.
Well-watered American elm (Ulmus americana L.) seedlings responded to increased nitrate availability with increased leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and photosynthetic rate, larger and more numerous leaves, greater total growth and greater proportional allocation of carbon to shoot than root. Plasticity of growth and carbon allocation were greater than plasticity of N concentration and photosynthetic capacity. For a given N availability, allocation of N per unit leaf area was positively correlated with dry mass per unit leaf area (specific leaf mass), but these relationships differed with N availability. Rates of net photosynthesis and leaf conductance declined logarithmically with decreasing predawn water status. Increased water stress resulted in a greater relative decline in net photosynthesis and leaf conductance for high-N than low-N plants. 相似文献
14.
One-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were grown hydroponically in a growth chamber to investigate the effects of low and high nutrient availability (LN; 0.25 mM N and HN; 2.50 mM N) on growth, biomass allocation and chemical composition of needles, stem and roots during the second growing season. Climatic conditions in the growth chamber simulated the mean growing season from May to early October in Flakaliden, northern Sweden. In the latter half of the growing season, biomass allocation changed in response to nutrient availability: increased root growth and decreased shoot growth led to higher root/shoot ratios in LN seedlings than in HN seedlings. At high nutrient availability, total biomass, especially stem biomass, increased, as did total nonstructural carbohydrate and nitrogen contents per seedling. Responses of stem chemistry to nutrient addition differed from those of adult trees of the same provenance. In HN seedlings, concentrations of alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decreased in the secondary xylem. Our results illustrate the significance of retranslocation of stored nutrients to support new growth early in the season when root growth and nutrient uptake are still low. We conclude that nutrient availability alters allocation patterns, thereby influencing the success of 2-year-old Norway spruce seedlings at forest planting sites. 相似文献
15.
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were grown in containers filled with peat, using two different fertilizers and three different fertilizer regimes. Seedling shoot and root growth and shoot content of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus were followed in the nursery and after outplanting in the field. Attempts to regulate growth rate by an exponential nutrient supply were not successful, but the root/shoot ratio was influenced by the fertilization regime. Internal nitrogen concentration was stable only for seedlings with low relative growth rate, while seedlings with high nutrient supply in the nursery showed strong nutrient dilution in the shoot after planting. 相似文献
16.
Soil temperature is a main factor limiting root growth in the boreal forest. To simulate the possible soil-warming effect of future climate change, 5-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were subjected to three simulated growing seasons in controlled environment rooms. The seedlings were acclimated to a soil temperature of 16 degrees C during the first (GS I) and third growing seasons (GS III), but were assigned to random soil-temperature treatments of 9, 13, 18 and 21 degrees C during the second growing season (GS II). In GS II, shoot diameter growth was lowest in the 21 degrees C treatment and root growth was lowest in the 9 degrees C treatment. In GS III, shoot height and root length growth improved in seedlings that had been kept at 9 degrees C during GS II, indicating compensatory growth in response to increased soil temperature. The temporary decrease in soil temperature had no long-lasting significant effect on seedling biomass or total nutrient uptake. At the end of GS III, fine roots of seedlings exposed to a soil temperature of 21 degrees C in GS II were distributed more evenly between the organic and mineral soil layers than roots of seedlings in the other treatments. During GS II and GS III, root growth started earlier than shoot growth, decreased during the rapid shoot elongation phase and increased again as shoot growth decreased. 相似文献
17.
研究了不同类型的污泥(城市的、工业的和住宅污泥)对苗圃生长的银合欢幼苗田间萌发、生长和分枝的影响.播种前先将不同类型污泥的混合物与养分匮乏的自然林土壤混合.播种的3和6月后,记录幼苗大田发芽、分枝状况和其他物理生长参数(枝条或根长、活力指数、茎直径、叶片数、分枝或根鲜重和干重、总的生物量干重增长)等.与对照幼苗相比,混合污泥的土壤中生长的幼苗田间发芽、分枝状况及其他生长参数均发生了显著变化.与其它条件生长的幼苗相比,住宅污泥与土壤混合(1:1)条件生长的3月龄和6月龄幼苗分枝数和分枝鲜或干重均最高.就生长参数而言,住宅污泥与自然林土壤混合(1:1)生长的幼苗长势最好.研究表明:退化的土壤补偿以住宅污泥可促进银合欢的田间发芽、生长以及分枝的形成.图1表3参29. 相似文献
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Non-mycorrhizal Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies Karst.) and Norway spruce seedlings colonized with Paxillus involutus Fr. were grown in an axenic silica sand culture system. After successful mycorrhizal colonization, the seedlings were exposed to 200 or 800 micro M AlCl(3) for 10 weeks. In both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings, exposure to Al significantly reduced root growth and the uptake of Mg and Ca. After 5 weeks of exposure to 800 micro M Al, the mycorrhizal seedlings had significantly higher chlorophyll concentrations than the non-mycorrhizal seedlings, although no difference in Mg nutrition was apparent. After 10 weeks of exposure to Al, both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited needle chlorosis and reduced photosynthetic activity. However, the aluminum-induced reduction in shoot growth was largely ameliorated by colonization with P. involutus. We conclude that mycorrhizal colonization modifies the phytotoxic effects of Al in Norway spruce seedlings. However, differences in physiological responses to Al between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal seedlings may be largely reduced in the long term as a result of impaired mineral nutrient uptake. 相似文献
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To determine the impact of altering the sink:source balance on gas exchange rates in 1-year-old foliage of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), seedlings were either debudded before the growing season began or left intact. To assess alternative explanations for the observed photosynthetic response, additional seedlings were variously root pruned, shaded, drought stressed or deprived of fertilizer in combination with debudding. Foliar gas exchange rates and carbohydrate concentrations, xylem water potential and current-year growth were measured on three occasions spanning the shoot extension period. In addition, growth, foliar concentrations of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic rate at different CO2 concentrations were determined 1 month after shoot extension ceased. Debudded seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates than budded seedlings, and the difference increased as the growing season progressed. We observed no evidence that debudding increased photosynthetic rate by improving water relations or by reducing foliar carbohydrate concentrations. Debudding increased foliar concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and chlorophyll, as well as quantum yield and photochemical quenching as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Therefore, we conclude that debudding increased the photosynthetic rate by increasing the allocation of nutrients to 1-year-old foliage, thereby enhancing the amount or activity, or both, of photosynthetic enzymes, as well as increasing chlorophyll concentration. 相似文献