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1.
子午岭林区不同植被恢复阶段土壤有机碳变化研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了子午岭林区植被恢复过程中土壤有机碳含量、团聚体有机碳分布以及不同粒级团聚体有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率。研究结果表明,0—100 cm剖面上有机碳含量加权平均值随植被恢复年限逐渐升高,坡耕地0—100 cm土层土壤有机碳加权平均值为3.54 g/kg,弃耕地、草地、灌木和乔木阶段分别比坡耕地提高6.8%,36.6%,41.5%和73.6%;0—20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量随植被恢复的提高幅度明显高于20 cm以下土层;0—5和5—10 cm土层土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳含量随植被恢复年限逐渐增加,并有向大粒级(〉2 mm)团聚体中富集的趋势,10—20 cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳含量随植被恢复变化不明显;弃耕地、草地、灌木和乔木阶段0—20 cm土层〉5,5~2和2~1 mm粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率高于坡耕地,说明植被恢复0—20 cm土层土壤增加的有机碳更多地固定在〉1 mm粒级团聚体中。  相似文献   

2.
典型干旱荒漠绿洲区不同年限枣园土壤有机碳组成及特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]分析不同种植年限的新疆干旱区枣园土壤有机碳组成及特征,为该区域果业可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法]以新疆南疆麦盖提县4种不同种植年限的枣园为研究对象,分析测定不同园龄、不同层次土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、有机碳密度及碳库活度。[结果]随着种植年限的增加,枣园土壤有机碳含量在时间尺度上表现为先增长后下降的趋势;在空间尺度上,有机碳含量表层最大,随着土层厚度的增加呈现出逐层降低的趋势;各个土层随种植年限的增加土壤有机碳密度变化趋势总体上为先减小后增大,在空间尺度上,土壤有机碳密度随土层深度的增加逐渐增大;不同年限枣园土壤有机碳储量多数集中在土壤表层,在10a时达到最大;在时间和空间尺度上,土壤碳库活度总体上表现为先增大后减小的趋势。[结论]该地区土壤有机碳含量随种植年限的增加逐渐增加,在一定程度上,土壤碳库含量随种植年限的增加积累程度不同;土壤碳库活度随种植年限的增加各个层次的土壤碳库活度总体上表现为先增大后减小的趋势。  相似文献   

3.
朱浩宇  王子芳  陆畅  陈仕奇  王富华  吕盛  高明 《土壤》2021,53(2):354-360
为揭示重庆市缙云山不同植被下土壤活性有机碳及碳库分配特征,以该地区5种植被类型:阔叶林、针叶林、混交林、竹林和荒草地为研究对象,分析不同植被类型下各土壤层次中有机碳(Soil organic carbon, SOC)、微生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)、可溶性有机碳(Dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、易氧化有机碳(Readily oxidized organic carbon,ROC)含量及其土壤碳库的变化特征。结果表明:土壤有机碳和各活性有机碳组分含量及分配比例受到植被类型和土层深度的明显影响。土壤有机碳的平均含量在0~100 cm土层表现为竹林(16.74 g/kg)>阔叶林(12.62 g/kg)>草地(11.14 g/kg)>混交林(8.16 g/kg)>针叶林(5.98 g/kg),并随土层深度的增加而减小。竹林和阔叶林的微生物量碳和易氧化有机碳含量均明显高于混交林和针叶林,各植被在剖面上均表现出垂直递减规律,表现出明显的表聚效应。除草地,4种植被的土壤碳库管理指数随土层深度的加深而减小,均表现为表层(0~20 cm土层)最高。不同植被类型间,竹林的可溶性有机碳分配比例在各土壤层次均最小,整个土壤剖面均值仅为0.1%。由相关性分析可知,微生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、土壤总有机碳含量和土壤有机碳储量有着极其显著的相关性。因此,土壤微生物量碳和易氧化有机碳可以作为衡量亚缙云山森林不同植被土壤有机碳库变化的敏感性指标。  相似文献   

4.
阐明暖湿的气候趋势下黄土高原土壤有机碳库不同活性组分和碳库稳定性的变化特征,对脆弱生态区碳库的可持续发展以及评估区域生态效益具有重要意义。以黄土丘陵区自然撂荒草地为研究对象,人工模拟增温和增雨,分析了在增温(W)、增雨(P50%)及其交互作用(WP50%)下植被群落变化特征、土壤有机碳库组分含量、碳库组分的分配比例以及碳库稳定性的变化特征。结果发现:(1)增雨显著增加了植被丰富度指数,而增温和增温增雨显著降低了植被丰富度指数。(2)增雨处理下土壤有机碳、酸解有机碳、易氧化有机碳、溶解性有机碳含量及分配比例在两个取样年均显著高于对照;增温增雨处理则进一步增加了土壤易氧化有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量以及分配比例。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳与各个活性碳组分之间存在显著相关性。(3)增温增雨处理下土壤碳库活度、碳库活度指数以及碳库管理指数均高于其他处理。酸解有机碳和微生物生物量碳的敏感指数在气候变化处理下相对较高。综上所述,暖湿化的气候背景下黄土丘陵区撂荒草地土壤有机碳、有机碳活性组分含量和分配比例以及碳库稳定性显著提高,有助于碳库良性发展,酸解有机碳和微生物生物量碳可作为未来土壤有机碳变化的重...  相似文献   

5.
黄土丘陵区退耕撂荒对土壤有机碳的积累及其活性的影响   总被引:27,自引:1,他引:27  
土壤有机碳是陆地生态系统的重要碳库之一,增加土壤中碳的储量对于减缓全球变暖的趋势具有重要意义。通过野外样品采集及室内分析,比较了退耕1年,3年,5年,7年,10年,15年和25年7个不同年限撂荒地的土壤有机碳及其活性的变化。结果表明:耕地撂荒后,表层土壤有机碳及活性有机碳的含量随着退耕年限的增长呈增加趋势;土壤中的腐殖质以胡敏素为主,占总有机碳含量的70%~80%;深度在40cm以上的表土,腐殖酸总量及各组分含量都随着撂荒年限的增长呈递增趋势。说明耕地撂荒后,土壤中有机碳的含量明显增高,对增加土壤中有机碳的储量具有积极的意义;同时植被恢复后也减少了土壤中有机碳的流失。  相似文献   

6.
西藏色季拉山典型植被类型土壤活性有机碳分布特征   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
周晨霓  马和平 《土壤学报》2013,50(6):1246-1251
研究土壤活性有机碳含量及分配比例是揭示土壤有机碳库周转及调控机理的重要途径。为探讨不同森林植被类型对土壤活性有机碳库的影响,以西藏色季拉山(西坡)的高山灌丛(AS)、杜鹃林(RF)、急尖长苞冷杉林(AGSF)和林芝云杉林(PLLF)为试验对象,研究了林地土壤总有机碳、总氮含量、各活性有机碳组分及其分配比例。结果表明:高海拔植被类型具有较高的土壤活性有机碳含量和分配比例。在不同植被类型的生态系统中,土壤总有机碳含量、土壤颗粒有机碳和土壤易氧化碳含量均呈现出随土层深度增加而递减的变化趋势。土壤颗粒有机碳含量占土壤总有机碳含量和土壤易氧化有机碳含量占土壤总有机碳含量的比率范围不同,且随土层深度增加比率减小,且颗粒有机碳分配比例表现的更为明显。土壤颗粒有机碳含量和土壤易氧化有机碳含量与土壤总有机碳含量和总氮之间的相关性均达到了极显著水平(p<0.05),土壤颗粒有机碳含量和土壤易氧化有机碳含量的相关性在在不同土层表现出显著性。  相似文献   

7.
黄土丘陵区不同恢复年限对天然草地土壤碳库动态的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]揭示不同恢复年限的天然草地土壤碳库动态变化及其剖面分布特征,全面认识和理解天然草地恢复下土壤有机库、无机碳库的动态特征。[方法]采用野外调查与室内试验分析相结合的方法,以农田为对照,对黄土丘陵区不同恢复年限(11,16,22和35a)的天然草地土壤有机碳(SOC)、无机碳(SIC)、总碳(STC)的动态变化及其剖面分布特征进行了探讨。[结果](1)天然草地恢复过程中表层(0—10cm)SOC含量随植被恢复年限显著增加,下层(10—100cm)SOC含量随植被恢复年限变化不明显;0—100cm土层SOC储量呈先减少后增加趋势,但仍未达到农田SOC储量的水平。(2)天然草地0—20cm土层SIC含量呈相对脱钙现象,0—100cm土层SIC库储量约为SOC库储量的2.7~4.5倍。土壤无机碳库随植被恢复年限的增加无明显变化,但SIC的剖面分布深度发生改变。(3)土壤总碳库随恢复年限增加无明显变化,0—100cm土层SIC储量在STC库中所占比例约为75.6%~86.0%。[结论]短时间内天然草地的土壤碳汇效应并不明显,碳库增汇效应需要长期的过程。  相似文献   

8.
采用时空替代法,探讨了黄土丘陵区人工柠条林地在10,17,30,34,40,50 a时间序列上0-40 cm土层内土壤碳组分和碳库管理指数的演变特征.结果表明:(1)随着林龄的增加,柠条林地中土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量增加,均为10 a时含量最低,40~50 a时趋于稳定.但二者出现的峰值年限不同,总有机碳在34 a时含量最高,达4.29 g/kg,而活性有机碳含量在40 a时最高,为0.83 g/kg;(2)柠条林地碳库管理指数随林龄增加整体呈上升趋势,在0-20 cm土层随生长年限的增加明显提高,比10 a柠条林地高出54.2%~153.0%,而在20-40 cm土层其增幅不明显,甚至在17~30 a期间比10a时下降了8.0%~16.9%;(3)相关分析表明,活性有机碳与总有机碳之间存在极显著正相关关系,并且与土壤肥力指标也呈显著或极显著相关;碳库指数和碳库管理指数与土壤碳组分、其他主要肥力指标之间也显著相关.研究表明,在黄土丘陵区植被恢复过程中,柠条种植可增加土壤的有机碳含量,改善土壤肥力.碳库指数与碳库管理指数可以作为反映黄土丘陵区植被恢复的监测因子.  相似文献   

9.
为了解生态恢复对沙化草地土壤活性有机碳的影响,通过野外实地调查,选取了生态恢复分别为0,2,4,6,8a的区域作为研究对象,并结合土壤样品的采集和室内分析,研究了川西北沙化草地不同生态恢复年限土壤有机碳和活性有机碳组分含量及其变化特征。结果表明:生态恢复过程中沙化草地各土层土壤有机碳、溶解性有机碳、易氧化有机碳、微生物量碳含量均有不同程度增加,其中0-20cm土层变化最为明显,不同生态恢复年限土壤有机碳、溶解性有机碳、易氧化有机碳、微生物量碳含量均达到了极显著差异水平(P0.01)。生态恢复8a后沙化草地土壤有机碳、溶解性有机碳、易氧化有机碳、微生物量碳含量分别为6.14g/kg,55.43mg/kg,0.86g/kg,128.94mg/kg,均高于未生态恢复的沙化草地,且呈极显著差异(P0.01);20-40cm和40-60cm土层土壤有机碳、溶解性有机碳、易氧化有机碳、微生物量碳含量也呈现出逐步增加的特征,但其增加幅度及差异显著性均不及0-20cm土层。沙化草地植被盖度对土壤0-20cm土层响应更为明显,活性有机碳组分之间呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
对黄土丘陵区土壤有机碳在不同粒级团聚体中的分布特征及其对植被恢复的响应进行了研究。结果表明:(1)黄土丘陵区不同植被覆盖条件下,土壤有机碳的分布具有一定的表聚性,0~20 cm土层中有机碳的含量均高于20~40 cm中有机碳的含量,不同植被群落下有机碳的含量大小为:大针茅群落〉长芒草群落〉铁杆蒿群落〉百里香群落;(2)同一深度土壤各粒级团聚体中有机碳的分布特征是:0.5~0.25 mm与1~0.5 mm两个粒级中有机碳的含量最高,〉1 mm的团聚体中有机碳的含量有随粒级增大而减小的趋势;(3)恢复年限对不同粒级土壤团聚体中有机碳的含量影响很大,有机碳的含量随恢复年限的增加总体呈上升趋势。黄土高原沟壑区土壤有机碳的积累与土壤团聚体的粒级和植被恢复的类型、年限等有明显的关系。  相似文献   

11.
中国华北地区近40年物候春季变化   总被引:17,自引:4,他引:17  
根据华北地区7个观测站物候资料,分析了华北地区1963-1996年及北京1963-2005年物候春季的变化特征及其与气温的关系。结果表明:华北地区的物候春季有明显提早来临的趋势,而造成这一变化的主要因素是本地区近40 a来冬春季气温的明显上升。其中1963-1996年间华北地区1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了2.3℃与1.7℃,物候春季起止日期分别提前了9d和4d,因而使得春季长度也延长了5d;北京1963-2003年间1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了3.5℃与2.6℃,物候春季的起止日期分别提前了11d和10d,但春季长度没有明显变化。  相似文献   

12.
Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in atmospheric precipitation have been routinely monitored in Sweden since the autumn of 1983. Concentrations are highest in southern Sweden and decrease northward. It is postulated that the long range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from the rest of Europe is the major source of Cd, Pb, and Zn in precipitation. Evidence for this hypothesis is that enrichment factors indicate anthropogenic origin, and Swedish atmospheric emissions of Zn and Cd are 2 to 3 times smaller than deposition fluxes. Also, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations are correlated in both space and time and are also well correlated with exSO4 +, a substance known to be of anthropogenic origin transported long distances.  相似文献   

13.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Epiphytic lichens were sampled in a Dutch national monitoring survey, which was carried out twice within 5 yr. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation...  相似文献   

14.

Purpose

Rice-paddy-dominated watersheds in eastern China are intensively cultivated, and lands with two crops receive as much as 550–600 kg?ha–1?year–1 of nitrogen (N), mainly through the addition of N-based fertilizers. However, stream N concentrations have been found to be relatively low. Waterways in the watersheds are assumed to be effective “sinks” for N, minimizing its downstream movement. We directly measured net sediment denitrification rates in three types of waterways (ponds, streams/rivers, and a reservoir) and determined the key factors that control net sediment denitrification. Such information is essential for evaluating the impact of the agricultural N cycle on the quality of surface water.

Materials and methods

The pond–stream–reservoir continuum was sampled every 2 months at nine sites in an agricultural watershed between November 2010 and December 2011. Net sediment N2 fluxes/net sediment denitrification rates were determined by membrane inlet mass spectrometry and the N2/Ar technique. A suite of parameters known to influence denitrification were also measured.

Results and discussion

Net denitrification rates ranged between 28.2?±?18.2 and 674.3?±?314.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the streams, 23.7?±?23.9 and 121.2?±?38.7 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the ponds, and 41.8?±?17.7 and 239.3?±?49.8 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the reservoir. The mean net denitrification rate of the stream sites (173.2?±?248.4 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1) was significantly higher (p?<?0.001) than that of the pond sites (48.3?±?44.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1), and the three types of waterways all had significantly higher (p?<?0.01) mean net denitrification rates in summer than in other seasons. Linear regression and linear mixed effect model analysis showed that nitrate (NO3 ?–N) concentration in surface water was the primary controlling factor for net sediment denitrification, followed by water temperature. Using monitoring data on NO3 ?–N concentrations and temperature of the surface water of waterways and an established linear mixed effect model, total N removed through net sediment denitrification in the pond–stream–reservoir continuum was estimated at 46.8?±?24.0 t?year–1 from July 2007 to June 2009, which was comparable with earlier estimates based on the mass balance method (34.3?±?12.7 t?year–1), and accounted for 83.4 % of the total aquatic N. However, the total aquatic N was only 4.4 % of the total N input to the watershed, and thus most of the surplus N in the watershed was likely to be either denitrified or stored in soil.

Conclusions

High doses of N in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed did not lead to high stream N concentrations due to limited input of N into waterways and the high efficiency of waterways in removing N through denitrification.  相似文献   

15.
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境  相似文献   

16.
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境  相似文献   

17.
Phytoremediation is an emerging technology based on the use of green plants to remove, contain, inactivate or destroy harmful environmental pollutants. Recent developments in Europe and the USA show that the approach is somewhat different on both sides of the Atlantic. In Europe, phytoremediation has more basically been research driven and, based on the outcomes, applications have been envisaged. By contrast, the approach in the USA is more application and experience driven. In spite of a growing track record of commercial success, more demonstration projects are needed to prove that phytoremediation is effective in order to rigorously measure its underlying economics, and to expand its applications. More fundamental research is also required to better understand the complex interactions between pollutants, soil, plant roots and micro-organisms at the rhizosphere level, to increase the bioavailability of pollutants, to fully exploit the metabolic diversity of plants and, thus, to successfully implement this new green technology.  相似文献   

18.
沈阳市城市表土中微生物区系变化的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在沈阳市远郊-近郊-市区等不同城市化水平区内选取林地、草地和路边土几种不同利用方式下的表层土壤,对土壤中的微生物状况进行了初步分析。结果表明,随着城市化水平的提高,土壤中微生物的数量表现为明显的减少趋势。其中变化较大的是细菌,而真菌和放线菌的变化不明显。  相似文献   

19.
20.
Proteolytic bacterial communities, which mineralize organic nitrogen, play a key role in agricultural systems. In this study, alkaline metalloprotease (apr) gene fragments from proteolytic bacteria were investigated in bulk and rhizosphere paddy soil from four fields under organic management (for 2, 3, 5, and 9 years), and from one field under conventional management (for 2 years). We analyzed the abundance and structure of the proteolytic bacterial communities using real-time quantitative PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Our results showed that the abundance of proteolytic bacteria ranged from 1.57?×?108 to 8.02?×?108?copies/g of soil. In addition, the abundance of the proteolytic bacteria in the paddy soils under organic management was significantly higher than those in the paddy soil under conventional management. Moreover, the gene copy numbers in the rhizosphere soils were significantly higher than those in the bulk soils. The abundance of proteolytic bacteria tended to increase with the duration of organic management, with the highest abundance being found in the soil that had been under organic management for 5 years. However, the proteolytic bacteria communities in the paddy soils were not significantly affected by management practices. Phylogeny analysis showed that all gel bands obtained represented genes from Pseudomonas. Additionally, correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis showed that C/N, C, and N were important factors that influenced the abundance and community structure of the proteolytic bacteria. These results suggest that proteolytic bacteria are indicators in organic management systems, depolymerize organic N and hence maintain soil sustainability.

Abbreviations: CM: conventional management; OM: organic management; DGGE: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; qPCR: real-time quantitative PCR detecting system; COFCC: China organic food certification center; CCA: canonical correspondence analysis  相似文献   

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