共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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本文描述旨在择伐菲律宾北吕宋的龙脑香林而推导出的生长预测模型。在推导该模型的过程中,对林分产量(作为应变量)与初始树干断面积,地位级与时间(均作为说明性变量)之间的一般函数关系的不同变差进行了检验。该函数关系的最后形式乃是一个线性模型,包括林分产量的对数(作为初始树干断面积和时间的对数的函数)及地位级与时间的比率。采用了一组基于现实伐区的样地的抽取时间的系列数据。按照采伐作业后经过的年数来表示时间。利用采伐后保留下来的龙脑香优势木和次优势木的平均全高确定择伐龙脑香林的立地指示物。 相似文献
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利用声波的传播速度构建声学断层图像,已成为一种有效的木材无损检测方法。在实践中发现,树干横截面形状对林木声学断层成像的精度有显著影响。然而,现有研究都是假设树干为圆形的,导致生成的声学断层图像与实际情况不符。为了精确检测原木、活立木的树干横截面形状,研制了一种基于激光测距传感器的树干横截面轮廓检测仪器。采用滚珠丝杆在树干周围建立等边三角形,并利用步进电机驱动激光测距传感器沿滚珠丝杆移动,检测不同位置上树干表面的样本点与滚珠丝杆间的垂直距离,然后通过坐标平移、坐标旋转等坐标转换方法将样本点的测量数据转换到同一个坐标系,最后利用3次样条插值算法对所有样本点进行曲线拟合,可以方便地绘制出待测树干的轮廓。详细介绍了检测仪器的机械系统、电路系统、软件系统的设计方法,并分别采用近似圆形和不规则形状的原木样本进行了实验。实验结果表明,该仪器绘制的树干轮廓与真实情况基本一致,生成的轮廓曲线长度与树干周长之间的相对误差为0.83%。 相似文献
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系统地阐述了树干液流和树干呼吸的研究现状,探讨了树干液流和树干呼吸的动态变化及其与环境因子间的关系,以及树干呼吸与树干液流间关系的研究现状。 相似文献
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《林业资源管理》2018,(5)
以互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)获取的立木图像为研究素材,基于图像处理技术和机器视觉技术,通过边缘检测算子进行了立木树干图像边缘特征提取,并对立木树干边缘直线特征进行了研究。结果表明:Prewitt算子和Canny算子虽然对于树干背景的边缘细节保留较多,但对于树干边缘检出率较高,并且树干边缘连续性好; Robert算子和Prewitt算子树干边缘的检测误差较大,Sobel算子、Lo G算子和Canny算子对于树干边缘的检测精度较高;分别将Sigma值为0. 1,0. 3,1. 4和3的高斯滤波的立木图像进行边缘检测,并将直径像素距离提取值与目视判读值进行比较,结果表明Sigma值为0. 3～1. 4时的识别偏差较小。 相似文献
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The effect of section modulus, as estimated for tree stems of irregular cross section with hollow trunks, on windthrow resistance
is discussed. The sample trees were 12 aged poplar trees growing along the roadside in Sapporo. Binarized bitmap images of
photographs of the crosscut surface of the sample tree stems were used to calculate numerical solutions for section moduli.
The error for image resolution was simulated to less than 1% under the condition in which the image was divided into more
than 400 pixels. The coefficient of variation in section modulus concerning six neutral axis directions in a horizontal plane
was 11%–14%. The reduction in section modulus caused by decay or hollow trunk was 36%–56% of the full cross section. The effect
of section modulus on critical wind velocity was found to be considerable. The critical wind velocity calculated for some
of the sample trees was less than 40m/s, and these trees were considered to be in danger of bending failure of the stems. 相似文献
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Acoustic tomography is an emerging nondestructive testing (NDT) technology for tree decay detection in both urban community and production forest. Many field studies have been conducted to assess the applicability and reliability of the technique in such applications. Although investigations into urban trees showed great success using acoustic tomography to detect moderate to severe internal decay within the trunk, detection of early stage of decay using such technology still constitutes a challenge. This study was aimed to evaluate the capability of acoustic tomography by determining the relationships between acoustic tomograms and two-dimensional mappings of ultrasonic properties and end-hardness of the trunk cross sections. A freshly cut black cherry (Prunus serotina) log was used to simulate a tree trunk and tested in the laboratory. Time-of-flight (TOF) acoustic tomography measurements were conducted at three different heights (10, 30, and 50?cm). A disk was then cut from each height and subjected to ultrasonic and mechanical evaluations. The results indicated that the acoustic shadows in the tomograms revealed internal structural defects that were at the same locations and in similar magnitudes as the wood property mappings of the disks. However, no good correlations were found between apparent acoustic velocity of the tomograms and the measured ultrasonic velocity and end-hardness of small cubic samples. This analysis indicates that TOF acoustic tomography lacks the sensitivity to low-velocity features of decayed areas and thus has limited capability in detecting early stages of decay in trees. 相似文献
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对 5 5年生尾叶桉实生林砍伐后 ,保留不同萌条数量对其萌芽林生长和产量的影响开展了研究。结果表明 ,定株使桩的存活率明显下降 ,特别是保留单株 ,但保留一定的株数却有利于萌芽林的生长 ;萌芽林的高、径和单株材积生长随保留株数的减少而显著增加 ;3 5年生单位面积蓄积量和出材率 (顶木 )以保留 3株·桩- 1为最好 ,其次为 4株·桩- 1和 2株·桩 - 1,蓄积量分别为 4 5 4 9、4 4 2 1和4 2 5 1m3·hm- 2 ,分别是对照的 131 7%、12 8 0 %和 12 3.0 % ,出材率 (顶木 )分别是对照的 174 .3%、14 8.6 %和 15 5 .4 %。因此 ,在中等地力 ,种植密度为 3m× 2m的尾叶桉萌芽林 ,以纸浆材和顶木为主要经营目的的林分 ,建议其萌芽林的保留株数为 2 4株·桩 - 1。 相似文献
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《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):239-246
Due to the labour challenges in South Africa, mechanised forestry equipment has increasingly been required to operate in complex forest conditions – such as coppiced Eucalyptus compartments – where they have not operated before. For this reason, harvesters are either used in certain coppiced compartments with uncertain productivity expectations, or harvesters are not used in these compartments due to a lack of productivity knowledge. This research aimed to determine the influence of tree volume and tree form on the productivity of an excavator-based harvester in coppiced regrowth – with either double or single stems, or planted single stems – in Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments. In addition, the stem felled first and the distance between stems were investigated for coppiced double stems. The stem felled first is whichever stem between the two coppiced double stems the harvester grabbed, felled and processed first. The tree volume was determined; thereafter the trees were classified into different form classes. The tree volume and the cycle time were used to determine productivity. The research results showed that planted trees had the highest productivity across all tree sizes, followed by coppiced single stems and then coppiced double stems. When harvesting a 0.2 m3 tree, the mean harvester productivity was 8.7 m3 per productive machine hour (PMH0) in coppiced double stems, 13.8 m3 per PMH0 in coppiced single stems and 16.1 m3 per PMH0 in planted trees. In coppiced double stems the productivity was significantly influenced by the size of the stem felled first. In coppiced double stems the productivity was not significantly influenced by the distance between stems. The productivity for both coppiced single stems and coppiced double stems was significantly influenced by stem form. The poorly formed trees had lower productivity compared to the trees with good form. 相似文献
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密度指数与林分测树因子数学模型及应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以落叶松（ＬａｒｉｘｇｍｅｌｉｎｉｉＲｕｐｒ．）天然林标准地为材料，选取３０块大样本标准地，通过Ｎ＝ａＤ－ｂ得出林分测树因子数学模型。Ｇ＝ａＳＤＩｂ（Ｈ－１．３）ｃ式为密度指数、树高与断面积模型；以Ｙ＝ａＳＤＩｂＸｏ式为密度指数与直径、株数、断面积的模型。模型可用于编制树高标准表、直径标准表、密度标准表以及密度控制图等。 相似文献
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Radial velocity profiles of water flow in trunks of Norway spruce and oak and the response of spruce to severing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Trunk-tissue heat balance, volumetric and staining methods were used to study xylem water flow rates and pathways in mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees. The radial profile of flow velocity was confirmed to be symmetrical in spruce, i.e., maximum flow velocity was in the center of the conducting xylem and tailed with low amplitude (about 30 cm h(-1)) in the direction of the cambium and heartwood. Variability around the trunk was high. In contrast, in oak, the radial profile of flow velocity was highly asymmetrical, reaching a peak of about 45 m h(-1) in the youngest growth ring and tailing centripetally for about 10 rings, but variability around the trunk was less, under non-limiting soil water conditions, than in spruce. In spruce, the flow rate increased abruptly within seconds when the tree was severed while immersed in water, and then decreased gradually, showing significant root resistance. We conclude that water flow through an absorbing cut surface differs from the flow higher in a tree trunk because of the presence of hydraulic capacitances in the conductive pathways. The staining technique always yielded higher estimates of flow velocity than the non-destructive tree-trunk heat balance method. 相似文献
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在湖南省邵阳市所辖5县,对马尾松毛虫越冬幼虫的分布进行调查研究。结果表明,树高是影响越冬松毛虫分布的主要因素,在高大松树上(树高>7m),97.04%的越冬幼虫分布在树干上:而在矮小松树上(树高<7m),只有72.14%的越冬幼虫分布在树干上。越冬松毛虫在树干上的垂直分布,符合威布尔分布,利用这一规律,可以进行越冬松毛虫虫情估计。 相似文献
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The applicability of a strain gauge for monitoring the diurnal changes of tree stem diameters and the differences in diurnal
shrinkages between a stem and branches were investigated. Estimates of stem diameter changes obtained by a strain gauge were
compared with changes obtained by a differential transformer. Patterns of strain changes obtained by a strain gauge were remarkably
similar to the changes in the tree trunk diameter. This results demonstrated that a strain gauge is an effective technique
for examining the behavior of changes in tree trunk diameter. Diurnal changes of diameter at various parts of the a tree were
also measured with the help of several strain gauges. Diurnal strain changes of a stem and branches showed similar patterns
of shrinkage during the day and swelling at night. However, the precise times at which the branches had their maximum and
minimum strains differed from those observed in the stem, and the maximum rates of the strain changes lagged behind the stems
in a day. These results lead us to believe that there is a time lag in the supply of water, which is required for compensating
the water deficit between the stem and its branches.
A part of this paper was presented at the 105th Annual Meeting of Japanese Forestry Society (1994). 相似文献
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1997～1999年，在不同试验点的云南松蠹害林分中设置饵木堆、整株饵木和活立木引诱松小蠹试验。研究结果表明，几种方法对松小蠹均有一定的引诱效果。设置的衰弱木饵木堆诱虫效果明显高于健康木饵木堆；在饵木堆上加置MBXS，（-）APX或（-）APX+YS复合剂，诱虫量比不加置这些聚集信息化合物的饵木堆增加4倍以上。试验所用窗式诱捕器以寄主天然化学气味物质为诱饵，对转干期成虫具有较高而稳定的诱捕量，且设置检查方便、价格低廉，适用于梢转干期林间松小蠹诱捕和种群动态监测；活立木上加置（-）APX+YS复合剂，对各时期松小蠹成虫均有一定引诱作用，可用于梢部小蠹种群动态监测。 相似文献