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盐胁迫对大白菜幼苗生理生化特性的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为了探讨大白菜耐盐机理、筛选耐盐性鉴定指标,建立苗期耐盐性鉴定方法,选用了６个具有不同耐盐性的大白菜材料,用Hoagland营养液水培方法,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理下大白菜盐害指数、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、游离氨基酸含量和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化规律。结果发现,随着NaCl处理浓度的增加以及胁迫时间的延长,大白菜幼苗叶片中的MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量以及游离氨基酸含量均呈上升趋势。不同大白菜品种的盐害指数表现出不同程度的增加。盐害指数和MDA含量在不同品种间表现了明显差异,能较好地反映大白菜各品种苗期的耐盐性,可作为大白菜耐盐性的筛选指标。 相似文献
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棉花苗期耐盐生理指标的筛选及综合评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了筛选与棉花耐盐密切相关的生理指标,为棉花苗期耐盐鉴定提供理论依据。以4个棉花品种为材料,通过塑料盒栽植试验,探讨了棉花幼苗在盐胁迫前和胁迫后5天、10天、15天时的叶片相对含水量、质膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、K+、Na+及K+/Na+值等耐盐相关生理指标相对值的变化情况,利用方差分析、主成分分析和隶属函数分析等方法对数据进行统计分析。结果表明所有指标在胁迫后第5天开始即与胁迫前表现极显著差异;选取K+/Na+值、相对含水量和质膜透性3个主要的耐盐鉴定生理指标;4个棉花品种的耐盐性强弱排序为‘枝棉3号’>‘中棉所35’>‘鲁棉6号’>‘中棉所12’。胁迫后第5天为最佳鉴定时机,所选取的耐盐生理指标代表了所有指标的信息,且其评价结果与省地方标准《棉花耐盐性鉴定评价技术规范》中盐害指数的评价结果高度相关,因此所选生理指标可与隶属函数法相结合用于棉花苗期耐盐综合评价中。 相似文献
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以陆地棉（G.hirsutum L.）的1个耐盐和2个盐敏感品种为材料,研究了盐胁迫条件下陆地棉植株体内Na^＋、K^＋和Ca^2＋的吸收及分布.研究表明：盐胁迫显著地降低耐盐性较弱的品种（中棉所07和中棉所41）根内的K＋含量,而耐盐性较强的品种（中棉所35）根内的K^＋含量则显著提高;盐胁迫可以显著提高根和叶片内Na^＋的含量而显著降低花内的Na^＋含量.盐胁迫对棉花Ca^2＋的吸收会产生显著的抑制作用. 相似文献
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旨在加强玉米耐盐性的研究和利用,本研究采用水培法,以NaCl胁迫拟田间盐生条件,在适宜的盐胁迫处理浓度的基础上,以耐盐系数为指标,通过主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对242 份玉米自交系苗期的耐盐性进行综合鉴定。结果表明：发芽率、根干重、苗干重、根鲜重、根长和苗鲜重可作为玉米自交系的苗期耐盐性筛选和鉴定指标;通过聚类分析可将242 份玉米自交系苗期的耐盐性划分为5 类,其中B红-2 等12 份玉米自交系的耐盐性较强,NC320 等42 份玉米自交系的耐盐性中等,50K-4-1 等58 份玉米自交系的耐盐性一般,H070480 等77 份玉米自交系的耐盐性敏感,甘1 号等53 份玉米自交系的耐盐性高度敏感。 相似文献
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种子萌发期是对盐分较敏感的时期,测定不同盐浓度胁迫下的棉花种子发芽情况是筛选棉花耐盐种质的重要依据之一。本研究对629份棉花种质资源进行0、150mmolL–1 NaCl处理,对鲜重、发芽势等6个性状的耐盐系数进行差异分析,结果显示盐胁迫下各个性状较对照均存在显著差异;使用主成分分析、隶属函数分析对棉花种质耐盐性进行综合评价;对综合评价值D值进行聚类分析,根据D值的大小将629份种质资源分成5类:188份耐盐中间型材料、376份耐盐型材料、36份高耐盐型材料、28份盐敏感型材料、1份高盐敏感型材料;通过逐步回归分析建立棉花萌发期耐盐性评价预测模型:D=0.277RFW+0.29RGP+0.189RPL+0.387RGR-0.32 (R2=0.992),筛选出鲜重、下胚轴长、发芽势和发芽率4个指标可作为棉花萌发期耐盐性鉴定的指标。本研究建立了一套精准、高效的耐盐性鉴定体系,筛选到36份高耐盐材料和1份高敏感材料,为棉花耐盐机制研究和培育耐盐新品种提供参考。 相似文献
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棉属野生种旱地棉苏氨酸醛缩酶基因GarTHA的克隆及功能验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐胁迫是影响作物生长和发育的重要因素之一。一些棉属野生种具有较好的耐盐性, 是开展棉花耐盐性机制研究以及改良陆地棉耐盐性的重要资源。本研究基于cDNA-AFLP技术分离获得的旱地棉(Gossypium aridum)盐胁迫下差异表达片段序列信息, 经电子克隆技术和RT-PCR方法克隆了旱地棉苏氨酸醛缩酶基因cDNA全长, 命名为GarTHA (GenBank登录号为KC167360)。该cDNA全长为1 018 bp, 包含一个822 bp的完整ORF, 编码273个氨基酸残基, 蛋白质分子量为82.57 kD, 等电点为4.89。GarTHA基因与杨树PtTHA基因同源性最高, 为84.6%。为进一步验证其功能, 利用拟南芥逆境胁迫启动子rd29A构建植物表达载体, 将GarTHA基因的完整ORF转入拟南芥中, 获得转基因植株并进行了耐盐性鉴定。结果表明, 在盐胁迫下转基因拟南芥种子的发芽率明显高于野生型, 且转基因植株的根长显著高于野生型。说明GarTHA基因可能参与植物的盐胁迫反应, 从而提高植物抗逆性。 相似文献
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不同高油玉米品种耐盐性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以10个高油玉米杂交种为材料,用不同浓度NaC l溶液模拟盐胁迫环境对其苗期耐盐性进行了鉴定。结果表明:盐胁迫对玉米芽苗期的发芽率、苗高、胚根长度、叶片相对含水量产生抑制作用;根系相对含水量、POD活性、淀粉酶活性及MDA含量随盐浓度的增加而增加;不同材料间耐盐性存在明显差异,各指标均能反映出不同材料的耐盐性;通过鉴定筛选,10个材料中,耐盐性极强的为JN02,耐盐性较强的为JN01,耐盐性中等的为GY01、GY02和JN03,其余材料耐盐性较弱。 相似文献
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The development of floral organs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is related to squares and yield formation. The germination percentage of pollen grains, the rate of anther dehiscence and the length of filaments and styles of 11 upland cotton cultivars were determined before and after high-temperature periods by pollen grain culture in vitro. We aimed to analyze the effects of high temperature on pollen germination in styles and on stamen characteristics. The number of pollen tubes in styles and cytological structure of anthers were also tested under simulation of high temperatures by paraffin sectioning of cotton anthers. We found that the germination percentage of pollen grains and rate of anthers dehiscence of Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 were greater than those of other cultivars under high field temperatures. There was no significant difference in the length ratio of filaments and styles and filaments length between 11 upland cotton cultivars under high field temperatures. After high-temperature periods in the field, the difference in pollen germination percentage, anther dehiscence, style and filament length between the 11 cultivars was not significant. The number of pollen tubes in Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 was greater than those of other cultivars under the high simulation temperature. The number of deformed pollen grains in anthers was also less than those of other cultivars. These results were consistent with the field conditions. This experiment indicated that germination percentage of pollen grains and the rate of anther dehiscence are useful as indicators for screening high-temperature tolerance. The length ratio of filaments and styles and the filaments length could be used as parameters for screening high-temperature tolerance cultivars. 相似文献
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The effects of high-temperature stress on the germination of pollen grains of upland cotton during square development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The reproductive stage of flowering plants is sensitive to high-temperature stresses. High temperature is a major factor influencing pollen grain viability in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between cotton pollen germination percentage and temperature by assaying the pollen germination of four upland cotton cultivars in vitro at different temperatures during the blooming period. The results showed that in vitro pollen germination percentage was related to the culture temperature of pollen germination and the temperature of the square development process. High temperature affected pollen development and germination, and high-temperature tolerance differed among the cotton cultivars. The pollen germination percentage decreased rapidly with changes in the culture temperature from 30 to 39 °C. A culture temperature of 35 °C might be a critical temperature for the pollen viability transition and could be used to screen cotton cultivars that have pollen grains with high-temperature resistance. Before the high-temperature stage, cultivars with rates of decrease in the percentage of pollen germination of less than 41 % at 35 °C relative to the rates at 30 °C might be considered as high-temperature tolerance cultivars, and cultivars with rates of decrease in the percentage of pollen germination greater than 41 % might be considered as susceptible cultivars. The high-temperature stress for pollen grain germination in vitro was greater than 30 °C, and the high-temperature stress for square development might be greater than 33 °C. Boll retention was significant; it was positively correlated with the pollen germination percentage and negatively correlated with temperature during the high-temperature stage. This study provided a method for rapidly screening cultivars (lines) with high-temperature tolerance pollen in upland cotton breeding. 相似文献
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AREB/ABFs转录因子家族基因主要参与干旱、高盐、低温等胁迫应答反应。为了获得具有较高耐盐水平的棉花新种质材料,通过农杆菌介导法将耐盐转录因子基因(GHABF4)导入陆地棉中棉35中,通过对转化植株的卡那霉素初步筛选及T1、T2、T3目的基因PCR的分子检测,获得T3转基因棉花纯合系。通过盐胁迫试验对5个T3转基因棉花株系和非转基因棉花对照进行耐盐性分析。结果表明,在200 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫下,与非转基因对照相比,5个转基因棉花株系株高提高2.5~4.4 cm,地上部分的鲜质量增加3.6%~11.8%;且抗氧化物酶SOD、POD、CAT活性以及叶绿素含量提高。在盐胁迫条件下,转GHABF4基因棉花表现出优良的生长和生理优势,转GHABF4基因能够提高棉花的抗盐能力。 相似文献
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转Bt基因抗虫棉和有色棉苗期耐盐性差异研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
盐胁迫可致棉叶萎焉 ,叶温升高 ,气孔导度、蒸腾强度和光合速率降低 ,促进膜脂过氧化、丙二醛 (MDA)积累。但棉株体通过保护酶活性的提高和协同作用 ,以及盐离子的区域化分布 ,表现出较强耐盐胁迫的能力。耐盐性因基因型而异 ,在供试材料中 ,棕色棉和绿色棉的耐盐性最强 ,转 Bt基因抗虫棉 3 3 B和 S6 1 77的耐盐性最差。基因型间耐盐性差异与保护酶活性和盐离子在叶片中积累量的差异有关。长期人为选择可致棉花抗逆性的部分丢失 ,Bt基因的导入也可能影响棉花耐盐性的表达。 相似文献
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山菠菜胆碱单加氧酶基因对棉花的遗传转化和耐盐性表达 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
胆碱单加氧酶（CMO）是渗透保护剂甜菜碱生物合成的关键酶之一。以棉花（Gossypium hirsutium L.）泗棉3号的下胚轴切段为外植体，利用农杆菌介导法将克隆自山菠菜（Atriplex hortensis）的AhCMO基因导入其中，通过组织培养胚状体发生途径获得转基因再生植株。以0.5%卡那霉素对再生苗筛选后，PCR检测抗卡那霉素棉苗确认阳性转化株，Southern和Northern杂交结果进一步证实外源基因已导入棉花并得到表达。在温室盆栽条件下，于2片真叶期对转AhCMO基因棉花及其转化受体泗棉3号施加0.5%的NaCl胁迫，15 d后发现其光合作用和植株生长被显著抑制，非转基因棉花泗棉3号的株高、鲜重和光合速率分别降低了57.6%、65.6%和69.9%，而转AhCMO基因的棉株分别降低了37.3%、54.6% 和47.9%。转AhCMO棉花所受盐害程度显著小于非转基因的棉株，说明AhCMO基因的导入和表达提高了转基因棉花的耐盐性。 相似文献
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Homozygous transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants that accumulated glycinebetaine (GB) in larger quantities were more tolerant to salt than wild-type (WT) plants.
Four transgenic lines, namely 1, 3, 4, and 5, accumulated significantly higher levels of GB than WT plants did both before
and after salt stress. At 175 and 275 mM NaCl, seeds of all the transgenic lines germinated earlier and recorded a higher
final germination percentage, and the seedlings grew better, than those of the WT. Under salt stress, all the lines showed
some characteristic features of salt tolerance, such as higher leaf relative water content (RWC), higher photosynthesis, better
osmotic adjustment (OA), lower percentage of ion leakage, and lower peroxidation of the lipid membrane. Levels of endogenous
GB in the transgenic plants were positively correlated with RWC and OA. The results indicate that GB in transgenic cotton
plants not only maintains the integrity of cell membranes but also alleviates osmotic stress caused by high salinity. Lastly,
the seed cotton yield of transgenic lines 4 and 5 was significantly higher than that of WT plants in saline soil. This research
indicates that betA gene has the potential to improve crop’s salt tolerance in areas where salinity is limiting factors for agricultural productivity. 相似文献
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两个陆地棉品种
SJ-125 和岱字棉 5415以及海岛棉 T-1348
用来筛选和建立温室条件下鉴定肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)的有效方法,并对
12 个陆地棉品种(系)进行了鉴定.鉴定材料的株高、地上干重和根干重差异显著,真叶数和第一果枝节位差异不显著,接种7周后根干重与肾形线虫繁殖系数间呈负相关.繁殖系数随接种量增加而下降.适当的鉴定指标是每毫升土壤接种量7.4个,温室中接种7周后鉴定.利用本研究中改进的方法鉴定出2个耐肾形线虫品系. 相似文献