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1.
草莓丝核菌根腐病病原菌鉴定及7种杀菌剂的抑菌作用测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原种类及筛选防治丝核菌根腐病的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、细胞核荧光染色、菌丝融合群测定以及rDNA-ITS的序列分析,对北京和河北承德地区的草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原菌进行了鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果发现,北京地区的丝核菌为双核丝核菌(binucleate Rhizoctonia,BNR),属于融合群AG-A;河北的丝核菌为立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,属于融合群AG-4。氟啶胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、咯菌腈、氟硅唑对2种丝核菌均有很强的抑制作用,EC_(50)值为0.063 9～2.485 7μg/mL,抑霉唑的抑制作用较差,EC_(50)值为9.966 8～11.236 8μg/mL。同一种杀菌剂对不同丝核菌的抑制作用存在差异,噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、咯菌腈和抑霉唑对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用强于对双核丝核菌。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治草莓丝核菌根腐病提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
华北地区十字花科芸薹属蔬菜上立枯丝核菌的病原生物学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。 相似文献
3.
由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。 相似文献
4.
5.
小麦纹枯病菌核糖体基因内转录区序列比较 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
对7个从江苏省小麦纹枯病样本分离到的丝核菌菌株,进行形态学鉴定、融合群分类和致病性测定,提取病菌的DNA,采用通用引物ITS1(TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G)和ITS4(TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC),扩增病菌的rDNA内转录区(ITS),并对扩增产物进行了测序.用这些序列在NCBI中进行BLAST分析,得到与这些菌株亲缘关系最近的菌株序列,并明确了这些菌株的分类地位.对以上的菌株序列进行Alignment分析,结果表明,病菌的5.8S rDNA序列高度保守,而ITS区的可变性则相对较高,在双核和多核丝核菌、双核丝核菌CAG1融合群和非CAG1融合群菌株间存在差异,可用于反映菌株间的进化关系和双核丝核菌种下分类. 相似文献
6.
江苏省大、小麦纹枯病病原学的初步研究 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
1984至1986年间,采集江苏各地大、小麦纹枯病标样,分离获得丝核菌属菌株分别为23个和50个。经比较鉴定其培养特性,菌丝形态、隔膜孔器以及细胞核数目,结合菌丝融合测试,50个小麦纹枯丝核菌菌株中除2个属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)AG5群外,其余均为禾谷丝核菌(R.cetea-lis Vander Hoeven),其中CAG1、CAG3、CAG6、AGC1分别为44、1、1和2个菌株。在23个大麦纹枯丝核菌菌株中,除2个属于立枯丝核菌AG5群外,其余均为禾谷丝核菌,其中CAG1、CAG2、AGE的菌株分别为18、1、1、另有一菌株不属所测融合群。
人工交互接种试验表明:来源于大麦和小麦的禾谷丝核菌CAG1群菌株对于大、小麦均有极强的致病力;立枯丝核菌AG5群菌株次之,也有一定致病力;其他融合群的菌株致病力较弱。因此,引致江苏省大小麦纹枯病的主要病原菌为禾谷丝核菌(R.cerealis)的CAG1群。 相似文献
人工交互接种试验表明:来源于大麦和小麦的禾谷丝核菌CAG1群菌株对于大、小麦均有极强的致病力;立枯丝核菌AG5群菌株次之,也有一定致病力;其他融合群的菌株致病力较弱。因此,引致江苏省大小麦纹枯病的主要病原菌为禾谷丝核菌(R.cerealis)的CAG1群。 相似文献
7.
采用形态特征观察、致病性测定及rDNA-ITS序列分析等方法对天津、黑龙江两地大白菜褐腐病的病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,天津、黑龙江两地大白菜褐腐病的病原菌为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn),分离鉴定出TJ和DB两个菌株,分属立枯丝核菌AG-2融合群和AG-1融合群;DB菌株为一新菌株。两菌株菌丝生长最适温度均为25℃,最适pH为7,最适光照为12h。DB菌株菌丝生长速率快于TJ菌株;但TJ菌株先于DB菌株形成菌核,且形成量多。两菌株在碳源、氮源利用和菌核致死温度上也存在差异。 相似文献
8.
西南地区玉米纹枯病病菌融合群鉴定和UP-PCR分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确西南地区玉米纹枯病病菌组成结构,从西南地区(四川、贵州、云南和重庆)玉米纹枯病样上分离获得285个疑似丝核菌菌株,根据培养性状、菌丝形态和细胞核染色对其进行鉴定,通过载玻片配对培养法对鉴定出的菌株进行菌丝融合群鉴定,并采用UP-PCR方法从各融合群中选取代表性菌株进行遗传变异分析。结果显示,供试疑似菌株中共鉴定出253个丝核菌,分别为224株立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani和29株玉蜀黍丝核菌R.zeae。立枯丝核菌包括5个融合群,其中AG1-ⅠA共201株,出现频率为79.4%;AG1-ⅠB共2株,出现频率为0.8%;AG2-2ⅢB共3株,出现频率为1.2%;AG4-HGⅠ共10株,出现频率为3.9%;AG-5共8株,出现频率为3.2%。29株玉蜀黍丝核菌融合群均为WAG-Z,出现频率为11.5%。遗传变异分析中,当相似系数为0.78时,按照出现频率从立枯丝核菌和玉蜀黍丝核菌选取的不同融合群的20株菌株被划分为6个类群,与菌丝融合分析结果完全吻合,其中AG2-2ⅢB融合群首次从西南地区玉米上分离到。 相似文献
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10.
为明确引起山西省小麦纹枯病的丝核菌Rhizoctonia种类及其对杀菌剂的敏感性,通过形态学特征观察、rDNA ITS序列分析及致病性测定鉴定分离自23个麦区小麦病样的195株纹枯病菌,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定菌株对氟酰胺、噻呋酰胺和己唑醇的敏感性。结果显示,所有菌株的菌落形态接近于丝核菌,呈双核,可与融合群（anastomosis group,AG）D组各亚群菌株菌丝发生融合反应,但在系统发育树中全部与AG-DI亚群菌株聚为一支,表明195株菌株均为禾谷丝核菌R. ce-realis AG-DI亚群,且经致病性试验验证这些菌株均为山西省小麦纹枯病的病原菌。氟酰胺、噻呋酰胺和己唑醇对菌株的EC50范围分别为0.092~0.610、0.067~0.142和0.008~0.111 μg/mL,均值分别为0.331、0.074和0.052 μg/mL,且菌株对氟酰胺、噻呋酰胺和己唑醇的敏感性频率分布均呈连续的单峰曲线,因此可将以上均值作为山西省小麦纹枯病病原菌禾谷丝核菌AG-DI亚群对氟酰胺、噻呋酰胺和己唑醇的敏感基线。 相似文献
11.
Luisa M. Manici Patrizia Bonora 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(1):31-42
Fifty-eight binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates were collected over six years from strawberry plants displaying symptoms of black root rot in Italy. Almost all
isolates were able to produce necrosis on strawberry roots, most of them also showed this ability on faba bean and, with lower
frequency, on a crucifer and a cereal crop used in rotation with strawberry in Italy. The sequence alignment of Internal Transcribed
Spacer (ITS) regions of 51 binucleate Rhizoctonia were analyzed and compared with a set of eight sequences representative of Rhizoctonia isolate Anastomosis Groups (AG) already found to be pathogenic on strawberry (AG-A, AG-G, AG-I and AG-F). The neighbour-joining
tree, based on ITS region sequences, divided Italian strawberry Rhizoctonia isolates into two main clusters corresponding to AG-A and AG-G. The results were confirmed by hyphal anastomosis tests. The
clustering obtained with the phylogenetic tree was also confirmed using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of 28S
rDNA to compare some isolates, defined as AG-A and AG-G on the basis of ITS region sequence analysis, with representative
AG isolates pathogenic on strawberry. The AG-A and AG-G Rhizoctonia spp. were widespread in Italian strawberry-growing areas, although with different relative frequencies: AG-G was most frequent
in northern (latitude 44°N) and AG-A in southern (latitude 39–40°N) Italy. Analysis of MOlecular VAriance, based on geographic
location, showed that Rhizoctonia molecular variations between northern and southern Italy accounted for 36.6% of the total, but most of the variations (61%)
occurred within each of the four geographical regions from where the isolates originated. 相似文献
12.
Michal Sharon Stanley Freeman Shiro Kuninaga Baruch Sneh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(3):247-265
Virulent Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from strawberry in Israel belonged to anastomosis groups (AG) of: binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) AG-A, AG-G, AG-K and AG-F, and to multinucleate Rhizoctonia (MNR) AG 4 subgroup HG-I. In addition, a soil isolate of AG 4 subgroup HG-III was also found to be virulent on strawberry.
None of the Israeli isolates obtained in the present study belonged to BNR AG-I, or other MNR AGs. In the cluster analysis
of rDNA-ITS sequences, all of the isolate sequences consistently clustered according to their known AGs and subgroups. One
AG-F cluster included sequences of 10 strawberry isolates, while another AG-F cluster included sequences of two isolates submitted
to GenBank. Additional work is needed to determine whether the isolates of these two clusters may belong to different AG-F
subgroups. The current virulence bioassay used for Rhizoctonia spp. isolates on strawberry is based on inoculation of stolon-derived daughter plants with the isolates and estimation of
the reduction in plant biomass, rather than on specific distinct disease severity symptoms. The duration of this test is relatively
long (ca. 5 weeks or more) and the availability of daughter plants from runners is naturally limited to a certain season.
Among the possible alternative methods evaluated in the present study (inoculation of fruits or seedlings developed from germinated
strawberry seeds), the method based on seedlings was best. This method has a potential to replace the currently used stolon-daughter
plant inoculation bioassay for testing virulence of strawberry root pathogens. This is the first report indicating that Rhizoctonia spp. isolates that belong to AG-F, AG-K, AG 4 HG-I and AG 4 HG-III are virulent to strawberry. 相似文献
13.
In recent years since 2018, the disease of tomato fruit rot has been often noted in Jiangxi province. In order to ascertain the causal agent, common tissue isolation method was used to isolate the pathogen collected from 8 counties and cities of Jiangxi province. A total of 17 isolates was obtained, which exhibited similar phenotype on V8 agar plates with production of antheridia, oogonia and oospore indicating the characteristics of Phytophthora spp.. The pathogenicity test for the isolates showed the similar disease symptoms with that in the field and the pathogen was reisolated from the infected tomato tissues, which fulfilled the Koch’s postulate. BLAST search with rDNA-ITS, partial Ypt1 and β-tubulin gene sequences for 17 isolates showed 99%-100% of identities to Phytophthora capsici that in correspond with the clustering result of phylogenetic analysis for two represented strains. Combined with morphologic characteristic observation, pathogenicity test and sequence ana-lysis, the pathogen causing tomato fruit rot was identified as Phytophthora capsici. This is the first report of P. capsici causing fruit rot on tomato in Jiangxi province, China. 相似文献
14.
AG-A belongs to the binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) anastomosis group (AG) of the Ceratobasidium teleomorph, which parasitizes the roots of many plant species. Ninety nine isolate species of AG-A were obtained from Tibet,
Sichuan, and Yunnan Province in China. All isolates were divided into three types based on their cultural characteristics.
Type I: abundant aerial mycelia, dense hyphae, loose sclerotia; Type II: abundant aerial mycelia, no sclerotia. Type III:
sparse aerial mycelium and no sclerotia. All of the isolates infected the seedlings of Chinese mustard and Chinese cabbage,
causing the formation of lesions on the stem and a brown discoloration of the roots. Sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA-ITS
showed a similarity of 98–100% among the isolates. Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) was used to detect genetic variation
in binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. Forty two AG-A isolates were amplified using 15 random primers. From a total of 164 bands, 144 bands (87.8%) were polymorphic
in the 42 tested isolates. A dendrogram showing genetic relationships between the isolates was constructed using unweighted
pair-group averages based on genetic distances. According to the dendrogram, the 42 tested isolates could be aligned into
three clusters with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.29, the first clusters including 27 isolates with III of culture
characteristics on PDA; the second clusters included eight isolates with I of cultural characteristics on PDA; the third cluster
included seven isolates with II of cultural characteristics on PDA. The results of ISSR analysis showed an association between
the hosts of these isolates. Our results showed that ISSR analysis can reveal more molecular variation among isolates of AG-A
than sequence analysis using the 5.8S rDNA-ITS. 相似文献
15.
16.
Pseudostellaria heterophylla is a medicinal plant in subtropical China. During 2018-2019, a new di-sease caused sour rot on the tuberous roots of P. heterophylla was found at Zherong County, Fujian Province. The tuberous roots have been infected by the pathogen at the harvest period, resulting in a sour-smelling watery mass. Based on the disease symptoms, morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS sequences along with the pathogenicity tests for the represent isolates, the pathogen was identified as Geotrichum candidum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Ge. candidum causing sour rot on the tuberous roots of P. heterophylla in China. 相似文献
17.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an important landscaping plant in Nanning, Guangxi. In 2019, a new stem rot disease was found in H. rosa-sinensis planting area in Nanning. Six diseased samples were collected, and six fungal isolates were isolated and purified from these samples. The fungi were identified as genus Lasiodiplodia based on morphological characteristics of colony and spore. Combined with the text of Koch's rule and a multi-gene phylogenetic tree with sequences of rDNA-ITS, EF-α and β-tubulin, we confirmed that L. theobromae was the pathogen of the new stem rot disease in Nanning. This is the first report on L. theobromae causing H. rosa-sinensis disease in China. 相似文献
18.
上海地区草莓炭疽病病原鉴定 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
Seventeen isolates of strawberry anthracnose were obtained from Shanghai suburb. According to the temperature test for mycelial growth, these isolates were divided into two groups:one was strain CMf-04 with optimal temperature of 24℃, the other was including 16 strains with optimal temperature of 28℃, and most of which could produce sexual stage on PSA media, e.g. QPg-961. Conidia of CMf-04 were hyaline, unicellular, straight and fusiform, (12.1-16.4) μm×(3.6-5.4) μm. Conidia of QPg-961 were hyaline, unicellular and ovoid to oblong, (13.0-19.7)μm×(4.1-7.3) μm. On basis of morphologcal, biological characteristics and the sequences of ribosome rDNA ITS, isolate CMf-04 from the strawberry rotten fruits was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum; while all the other isolates from the diseased leaf stalks, runners and root crowns at strawberry plantlet propagation stage were belonged to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It proved that C. gloeosporioides was the main pathogen of the strawberry anthracnose in summer strawberry propagation fields in Shanghai and it is of significance for the breeding of resistant strawberry and its control. 相似文献