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1.
张网Y型释放装置能够有效改善张网渔具选择性,为探究不同规格栅栏间距的选择性差异,该试验共设置3组栅栏间距(10 mm、15 mm、20 mm),于2015年12月在舟山嵊泗进行海上试验,捕捞渔获优势种为口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus),采用联合网次数据分析该释放装置不同栅栏间距对口虾蛄、三疣梭子蟹的选择性。结果显示口虾蛄、三疣梭子蟹选择性指标50%选择体长/甲宽(L50)随着释放栅栏间距的增加不断增大,口虾蛄、三疣梭子蟹选择范围(SR)则随着栅栏间距的增加不断减少。表明Y型释放装置可有效用于释放小个体口虾蛄、三疣梭子蟹等甲壳类生物,但是适宜的释放间距仍需进一步的试验研究。 相似文献
2.
不断壮大的东海近海笼壶渔业对三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）等甲壳类资源造成了巨大的压力,实施养护幼蟹的管理措施已成为渔业管理者和生产者的共同呼声。本研究通过海上对比试验,分析了放大网目尺寸对蟹笼渔获效率的影响,运用SELECT模型估算了蟹笼对三疣梭子蟹的尺寸选择性,结合混合影响模型探讨了作业时间和可捕群体对选择性分析的影响。结果显示,对照蟹笼（网目尺寸32.0 mm）与试验蟹笼（网目尺寸分别为52.3 mm和59.7 mm）的三疣梭子蟹渔获甲宽分布存在显著性差异;SELECT模型拟合结果显示试验蟹笼与对照蟹笼的相对作业强度无显著性差异,网目尺寸分别为52.3 mm和59.7 mm的试验蟹笼对三疣梭子蟹的50%选择甲宽（CW50）分别为86.9 mm和90.9 mm,选择范围分别为15.9 mm和9.2 mm。试验蟹笼的CW50远未达到浙江省等当前的最小可捕尺寸规定,表明蟹笼渔业中仅依靠放大网目尺寸可能难以实现幼蟹的有效释放。结果分析显示,在此次试验中作业时间和可捕群体的数量对蟹笼的选择性没有显著性影响。 相似文献
3.
东海区蟹笼渔具的选择性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对目前东海区普遍使用的蟹笼(笼径60 cm,笼高25 cm,外罩网衣网目尺寸2a=32 mm)对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹资源损害较严重的现状,选择设计了在其框架结构上开设横向幼蟹释放口的选择性蟹笼,于2009年11月在32°30′～33°00′ N、124°00′～124°30′ E海域进行了海上生产性试验。结果表明:释放口高度与可从其逃逸的三疣梭子蟹的最大甲高趋于一致,如以125 g作为三疣梭子蟹的最小可捕体重标准,用甲高与体重的关系式可求得选择性释放口的高度为33 mm;释放口的选择曲线可用分段函数表示且无50%选择甲高,这不同于拖网、捕虾衍拖网与帆式张网网囊及捕鳗笼的网目选择曲线,后者可以用“逻辑斯谛选择曲线”模拟,且存在50%选择体长;采用各甲高组的平均选择率表示尾数选择率,经过卡方(χ2)检验,其生产性试验值小于20%,同时释放效果明显;释放口对逃逸幼蟹的存活率几乎不产生任何影响。本研究成果可供管理部门在制定三疣梭子蟹的最小可捕标准时参考。 相似文献
4.
一种资源保护型蟹笼的初步试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
任何新渔具渔法的开发，必须同时考虑到资源保护。针对笼捕梭子蟹作业开发和推广过程中出现的蟹笼网目较小、幼蟹渔获率高等弊病，在梭子蟹入笼机制、行为习性观察基础上设计制作了资源保护（幼蟹释放）型蟹笼，并进行多次试验。结果认为，蟹笼似选择安装每只直径８ｃｍ的幼蟹释放孔装置方式，达到保护梭子蟹资源目的。 相似文献
5.
单桩张网菱形、方形网目网囊选择性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年来,一种利用帆布作为扩张装置的新型单桩张网渔具在吕四渔场得到了快速发展。为了改善这种张网对主要渔获对象的尺寸选择性,进而评价其渔获性能以及对渔业资源的影响,使用套网试验法开展了不同网目尺寸(25 mm、35 mm和45 mm)的菱形和方形网目网囊尺寸选择性试验。通过对黄鲫(Setipinnataay)和小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)渔获体长数据的选择性分析,结果显示,无论是菱形还是方形网目网囊,其50%选择体长L50和选择范围SR都随着网目尺寸的增大而增大(L50呈线性增长)。对比菱形和方形网目的选择性发现,对于黄鲫,50%选择体长L50差异不大,但菱形网目的选择范围SR大于方形网目;对于小黄鱼,方形网目具有更好的选择特性,即具有较大的L50(8%)和较小的SR(52%),但差异均不显著。菱形和方形网目对于不同体型鱼类的选择性差异以及渔民对方形网目网囊的抵触情绪等都使得在张网渔业中推广方形网目网囊值得商榷。 相似文献
6.
7.
多囊桁拖网选择性研究中对照网囊网目尺寸的选择 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对比作业法是拖网渔具选择性研究中重要的试验方法之一,而对比试验中对照网囊网目的选择至关重要。研究利用多囊桁拖网不同网目尺寸(20、30、35和40mm)网囊捕获的哈氏仿对虾、小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼渔获体长分布数据,应用几何相似原理,分析过滤性渔具的选择性,并按不同假设条件下(假设1:符合几何相似原理对渔获具有一定的选择性;假设2:对渔获种类没有选择性),探讨如何合理选择对照网囊网目尺寸。结果表明,对照网网囊网目尺寸为20mm,在上述2种假设下,对选择性模型的拟合、简化及对其它网囊的选择性参数没有显著的影响;在考虑了桁拖网渔具各网囊具有相同相对作业强度,以及桁拖网渔具与普通拖网渔具选择性分析方法上的差异等因素后,认为在此项研究中,将小于20mm网目尺寸的网囊视为没有选择性的对照网囊是可行的。 相似文献
8.
为研究渤海口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)三重刺网的捕捞性能,以河北省昌黎县的口虾蛄三重刺网为基础,于2013年4、5、7月在河北省秦皇岛近海进行50 mm、55 mm、60 mm和65 mm 4种网目尺寸的三重刺网作业性能比较实验,并与60 mm网目单片刺网和底拖网进行渔获对比分析。结果表明:三重刺网具有捕获渔场中绝大多数渔业种类的能力,选择能力较差。春季的渔获种类19种,为渤海近岸底层种类;夏季的渔获种类19种,除了小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)和带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)等底层鱼类外,还有日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)和蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)等中上层鱼类。春季的渔获结构单一,口虾蛄占渔获量的90%以上,主要兼捕种类鲜明鼓虾(Alpheus distinguendus)占4.1%,渔获选择性较好;夏季的渔获中,口虾蛄比例在75%左右,兼捕对象主要为小黄鱼、蓝点马鲛等经济鱼类的幼鱼,对渔业资源造成一定程度的损害,但渔获选择性比底拖网好。单片刺网的选择性最好,但渔获量低,只有三重刺网渔获量的30%左右,无法满足生产要求。建议开展渤海口虾蛄的可捕产量和分区域捕捞管理研究,开发作业性能更优越的口虾蛄专业捕捞渔具。 相似文献
9.
利用几何相似原理将传统的过滤性渔具选择性曲线转化为选择性曲面。运用选择性方程，并假设不同网目大小的渔具对相同尺寸渔获个体的渔获服从多项分布后，对过滤性渔具的网目选择性建立模型。使用极大似然估计法对模型进行拟合，同时，通过假设检验对模型进行简化。使用平行作业法试验条件下的张网渔具的黄鲫(Setipinrm taty)渔获数据进行模型拟合。结果显示，所建模型可以在没有对照网的情况下估算出各不同网目大小网囊的选择率，并同样适用于套网法试验条件下的选择性分析。模型的建立为今后进行过滤性渔具网目选择性试验方法改革提供了理论参考。通过与SELECT模型比较，认为模型使用选择性方程并区分渔获能力和捕捞努力量使得模型更具普遍性。 相似文献
10.
黄海区青岛近海双桩张网网囊网目选择性研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
使用套网法对黄海区青岛近海主要捕捞对象中的鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)和兼捕对象白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)进行数据分析,使用Logistic曲线作为其选择性曲线模型,求得不同网目尺寸网囊对鹰爪虾和白姑鱼的体长选择性曲线,并运用极大似然估计法进行曲线参数估算,对桩张网渔具不同网目尺寸的网囊选择性进行分析.结果表明:试验网囊网目尺寸为30 mm、33 mm、40 mm时,鹰爪虾的50%选择体长L50分别为5.309 cm、5.778 cm、6.972 cm,其选择范围(SR)分别为1.091 cm、1.290 cm、1.571 cm;白姑鱼的50%选择体长L50分别为6.581 cm、6.908 cm、7.441 cm,其SR值为1.934 cm、2.144 cm、2.322 cm.随着桩张网网囊网目尺寸的增大,鹰爪虾和白姑鱼的L50随之增大,SR值也逐渐增大.针对鹰爪虾来说,33 mm规格网囊的选择性能比30 mm 和 40 mm的要好.本研究选择该海区的主要捕捞对象鹰爪虾以及兼捕量较大的白姑鱼为研究对象,旨在为合理确定适合黄海区的张网最小网日尺寸提供科学依据,以保证黄海区渔业资源的可持续利用. 相似文献
11.
Anukorn Boutson Chaichan Mahasawasde Songsri Mahasawasde Suriyan Tunkijjanukij Takafumi Arimoto 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(1):25-33
Laboratory experiments were firstly conducted to determine the possibility of modification of the collapsible pot for blue
swimming crab Portunus pelagicus by designing appropriate escape vents in terms of shape, position, and size to improve size selectivity by reducing the catch
of immature crabs. In laboratory observations, nearly square-shaped vents of 35 mm height and 45 mm length, located at the
lower part of the side panel, showed the best performance to allow the escape of immature-size crabs by side-crawling escape
behavior through the vents, with L
50% selection carapace length (CL) of 39.1, 44.4, and 48.7 mm CL for 40, 45, and 50 mm vent length, respectively. Comparative
fishing trials between conventional and vented pots with vents of 35 × 45 mm size were conducted to examine the crab size
and species selectivity. Use of the vented pots was found to reduce the number of immature crabs in the catch from 70.5% to
11.0% on average, while not affecting the catch efficiency of mature-size crabs. The vented pots also had a selective effect
for reducing the catch of bycatch species in comparative fishing trials. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACT: Comparative fishing trials were undertaken with two commercial collapsible pots for the crab Charybdis japonica . One pot was box-shaped with two slit entrances at the ends, while the other was dome-shaped with two open funnel entrances. Pots were placed at the bottom of a pond that is connected to Kagoshima Bay. Fishing trials were carried out using a 1-day soaking time; the bait used was mackerel. The box-shaped pot had higher catches of crabs and non-target organisms, but the number of large crabs (carapace width >8 cm) was almost half as many as that caught with the dome-shaped pot. The catch of non-target species was also greatly reduced in the dome-shaped pot, and fish caught were mostly enmeshed in the netting. The reduction in catches of small crabs and non-target organisms was due to the nature of the dome-shaped pot's larger mesh size and open entrances, which allowed for escape. The dome-shaped pot seemed more efficient for harvesting commercial size crabs, while the box-shaped pot seemed better for removing all crab sizes. 相似文献
13.
High bycatch of female and sublegal sized male king crabs in the fishery is of concern to fishermen and management agencies; the efficiency of gear currently used in the fishery needs to be improved. This study examined behavioural responses of red king crabs to pots under laboratory conditions with time-lapse video. Crabs approached the pot from downstream, 82% of searches were confined to within 135 ° of the downstream direction, and 78.3% of crabs searched less than 90 ° before leaving or entering. The probability of entry success increased with the number of approaches. Crabs which failed to enter made an average of 2.6 approaches compared with 3.9 approaches for crabs which entered pots. The entry success rate was 8.1%. No significant differences in approach, search, and entry were found between ovigerous females, juvenile females, legal-sized males, and sublegal-sized males. Legal males (≥ 178 mm carapace width) had a significantly lower escape attempt rate and escape rate than sublegal males and females. Crabs depend on chemical cues during foraging, approaching, and searching. The current king crab pot is inefficient because crabs have difficulties in accessing the entrances and non-legal crabs have difficulties in escaping. 相似文献
14.
为了检验蟹笼渔具逃逸口对三疣梭子蟹逃逸行为的影响,实验使用红外水下摄像装备观察了三疣梭子蟹对3种不同配置逃逸口(位于侧网底部、开口高度3.2 cm和4.0 cm以及位于侧网顶部、开口高度4.0 cm)的反应行为。水下观察结果显示,三疣梭子蟹在笼底的探索行为使其能轻易发现和接近底部逃逸口,而垂直搜索行为能使其发现和接近顶部逃逸口,虽然发现并接近顶部逃逸口所需的时间显著大于底部逃逸口,但平均次数无显著性差异;87%接近逃逸口的个体企图穿越逃逸口,且逃逸口位置对此无显著影响;所有个体均采用侧身姿态穿越逃逸口,甲高是决定个体成功逃逸的关键因素;穿越顶部逃逸口的三疣梭子蟹需要花费更多的时间和精力调整姿态和位置以更好地匹配逃逸口,但广义线性混合模型(GLMM模型)拟合结果显示,逃逸口位置对个体逃逸成功率没有显著影响,表明三疣梭子蟹具有较高的个体姿态操纵能力,而笼内个体数量对逃逸成功率具有显著的影响。结合水下观察,研究认为个体在探索行为的活跃程度和浸泡时间会影响逃逸口的性能;考虑到东海近海蟹笼的结构和渔业现状,研究认为在蟹笼侧网靠近底部安装一个逃逸口是目前可行的技术措施。 相似文献
15.
Blue swimmer crabs (Portunus pelagicus) are an economically important crab caught in baited traps throughout the Indo-west Pacific and Mediterranean. In Australia they are traditionally caught using rigid wire traps (≈pots) but there has been a recent increase in the use of collapsible pots constructed from polyethylene trawl mesh. Two experiments were conducted in Moreton Bay, Queensland, to determine the ghost fishing potential of lost crab pots on both target and bycatch species and to evaluate the differences between traditional and contemporary pot designs. A lost contemporary, collapsible trawl mesh pot will catch between 3 and 223 P. pelagicus per year after the bait has been exhausted, while a traditional wire mesh pot would catch 11–74 crabs per year. As most fishers now use the collapsible trawl mesh pots, ghost fishing mortality could be as high as 111,811–670,866 crabs per year. Bycatch retention was also higher in contemporary designs. Periods of strong winds appeared to increase the ghost fishing potential of lost pots. The use of escape gaps, larger mesh sizes and construction options that allow for the deterioration of entrance funnels to minimise ghost fishing are recommended to reduce environmental impacts. 相似文献
16.
Little is known about the size selectivity of cod in static fishing gears such as pots and traps. In this field study, floating fishing pots were equipped with 40, 45 and 50 mm square mesh escape windows in order to estimate the size selectivity of cod at different mesh sizes. Relationships between selectivity parameters and mesh size, as well as an optimal mesh size for the escape window with respect to current minimum landing size of cod in the Baltic Sea were sought. The results show that the floating pot is not only species selective when used in the Baltic Sea cod fishery, the implementation of an escape window reduced the proportion of undersized bycatch in the pots by more than 90%. The estimated length at 50% retention was found to be a direct function of fish body length (girth) and mesh size of the escape window, while the estimated selection range remained unchanged regardless of mesh size. Optimal mesh size, with respect to the length at 50% retention and current minimal landing size of 38 cm in the Baltic, was determined to be 45 mm. Strong indications (significant on the 0.01 probability level in the case of 50 and 40 mm escape windows) suggested that the relative fishing power of the pots increased with the implementation of an escape window. This result could be explained as a “saturation effect”, i.e. the probability of cod entering the pot is likely to be negatively dependent on cod density in the pot. The high species selectivity and the low catch rate of undersized fish have consolidated the floating pots position as a highly benign fishing method and the foremost alternative gear for the future coastal cod fishery in the Baltic Sea. 相似文献
17.
Effects of ammonia and nitrite on survival, growth and moulting in juvenile tiger crab, Orithyia sinica (Linnaeus) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Ja-Geun Koo Seong-Gil Kim Jung-Hoon Jee Jong-Man Kim Sungchul C Bai & Ju-Chan Kang 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(1):79-85
The effects of ammonia and nitrite on survival, growth and moulting were investigated in juvenile tiger crab, Orithyia sinica (carapace length 3.91±0.15 mm, carapace width 3.84±0.23 mm, n=440), after 30 days exposure to ammonia‐N (0, 20, 50, 100 and 150 mg L?1) and nitrite‐N (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg L?1) using a continuous flow system. Survival rates of tiger crab exposed to ammonia and nitrite decreased linearly with the exposure time and concentration. The growth rate of tiger crab exposed to 50, 100 and 150 mg L?1 ammonia was significantly lower than that of control crabs. The growth rate of tiger crab exposed to nitrite decreased at 150, 200 and 250 mg L?1 nitrite. During the ammonia and nitrite exposure, the intermoult period of the juveniles of tiger crab O. sinica was shortened between the first and second moult, and the number of moulting of crabs exposed to a higher concentration were significantly higher than that of control crabs. 相似文献