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1.
针对苹果黄蚜防治药剂类型单一、药剂敏感性下降等问题,采用浸叶法开展几种药剂对苹果黄蚜室内毒力测定,并用共毒系数法进行联合毒力评价。结果显示,氟啶虫胺腈和阿维菌素在8∶1～1∶8、氟啶虫胺腈和吡虫啉1∶1、氟啶虫胺腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯在4∶1～1∶4配比范围对苹果黄蚜有增效作用,3种组合最佳增效比均为1∶1。田间应用结果显示,药后3～21 d,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC单剂对苹果黄蚜防效达94.77%～99.40%;22%氟啶虫胺腈SC分别与5%阿维菌素EC、70%吡虫啉WG和2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW按有效成分1∶1混配后对苹果黄蚜防效达86.43%～97.00%,均显著高于相应单剂对照,持效期可达21 d。推荐采用氟啶虫胺腈单剂及氟啶虫胺腈与阿维菌素、吡虫啉或高效氯氟氰菊酯混配剂作为替代药剂防治苹果黄蚜。  相似文献   

2.
八种杀虫剂对黑粪蚊的防治效果及残留分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
选择8种杀虫剂,分别在实验室和菇房条件下研究其对黑粪蚊的防治效果和对平菇菌丝生长的影响,并分析施药后不同时间平菇中的农药残留.结果表明,40%辛硫磷EC、40%氧乐果EC、48%毒死蜱EC对黑粪蚊具有很好的防治效果,但对平菇菌丝的抑制率明显高于其它药剂;10%吡虫啉WP、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC不仅对黑粪蚊成、幼虫具有良好的防治效果,而且使用后对平菇菌丝生长的影响较小;2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC等使用5天后均未检测到农药残留,5%氟虫腈SC和10%吡虫啉WP药后15天仍能检测到残留.  相似文献   

3.
为了筛选对梨瘿蚊幼虫具有高毒性并对天敌异色瓢虫安全的杀虫剂,采用浸渍法测定了7种杀虫剂对梨瘿蚊幼虫的毒力;采用滤纸接触法测定了7种杀虫剂对天敌异色瓢虫1龄幼虫和成虫的毒力,并评价这些药剂对异色瓢虫的安全性。结果表明,药剂处理48 h后对梨瘿蚊幼虫毒力从大到小依次为2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW(5.540 mg/L)＞5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC(10.015 mg/L)＞60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC(33.224 mg/L)＞2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME(214.644 mg/L)＞45%毒死蜱EC(231.876 mg/L)＞150 g/L茚虫威EC(401.490 mg/L)＞10%虫螨腈SC(404.147 mg/L)。药剂处理24 h后,7种杀虫剂对天敌异色瓢虫1龄幼虫和成虫的毒力测定结果基本一致,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC毒力最低,2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊EW和45%毒死蜱EC的毒力均高于其他4种杀虫剂。结合益害毒性比和安全系数,5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC对梨瘿蚊毒力高而对异色瓢虫毒力低,适合应用于梨瘿蚊的化学防治和生物防治相结合的防治策略。  相似文献   

4.
6种杀虫剂对蚕豆象成虫的室内毒力测定及田间药效评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
蚕豆象严重危害蚕豆生产,常造成蚕豆产量损失,商品价值丧失。为了筛选蚕豆象防治的高效药剂,本研究选用6种常规杀虫剂开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效评价,结果显示,处理48h后,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME对蚕豆象的毒力最高,5%阿维毒死蜱EC毒力最低,LC50分别为2.451mg/L和23.867mg/L,6种药剂毒力大小排序:2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME5%啶虫脒EC10.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG5%吡虫啉EC20%阿维·杀虫单ME5%阿维·毒死蜱EC;田间防效结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME防效最高,5%啶虫脒EC次之,两者防效均在75%以上,显著高于其他药剂。6种药剂防效大小排序:2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME5%啶虫脒EC5%吡虫啉EC10.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG5%阿维·毒死蜱EC20%阿维·杀虫单ME。据此可知,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME对蚕豆象具有较高的毒力和较好的防效,建议在生产中应用,但需注意与其他农药交替使用,避免产生抗药性。  相似文献   

5.
柑橘木虱防控药剂筛选及矿物油对其增效作用评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了筛选柑橘木虱高效防控药剂,提高药剂防治效果,本文探索了 10种杀虫剂对柑橘木虱的田间防效及矿物油对杀虫剂的增效作用.结果表明:对柑橘木虱成虫,22％噻虫·高氯氟悬乳剂(SE)、70％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)、6％联菊·啶虫脒微乳剂(ME)和5％高效氯氟氰菊酯ME的速效性好,药后1 d防效94.61％～100％;22...  相似文献   

6.
本文探究了2.15%吡虫啉、0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈和0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯等4种不同有效成分的杀蚁饵剂对红火蚁的防控效果。结果表明,4种饵剂处理两次施药后均可有效灭除红火蚁蚁巢及工蚁,第一次施药后7 d,以0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯的防治效果最高,达82.06%,2.15%吡虫啉防治效果最低,为56.4%;第二次施药后28 d, 0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈和0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯的防治效果均达92%以上。综上,0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈、0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯可有效防治红火蚁,建议在生产中轮换推广使用。  相似文献   

7.
6种农药对瓜蚜的毒力测定及田间药效   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了筛选防治西瓜瓜蚜的有效药剂,用6种药剂进行了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。结果表明,1.8%阿维菌素EC对瓜蚜的毒力最高,60g/L乙基多杀菌素SC毒力最低,48hLC50分别为0.38mg/L和2 225.63mg/L。6种药剂毒力大小依次为阿维菌素溴氰虫酰胺氟啶虫胺腈啶虫脒吡虫啉乙基多杀菌素。田间试验结果表明,1.8%阿维菌素EC 3 000倍、10%溴氰虫酰胺OD 2 000倍、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC 4 000倍对瓜蚜速效性及持效性均较好,3~14d防效均达到90%以上,防效差异不显著;20%啶虫脒WP 3 000倍和10%吡虫啉WP 3 000倍速效性及持效性均较差,1d防效分别为31.31%和6.66%,14d防效分别为57.39%和47.80%;60g/L乙基多杀菌素SC 1 000倍防效最差,药后14d的最高防效仅为34.70%。推荐田间轮换使用阿维菌素、溴氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈防治瓜蚜。  相似文献   

8.
美国白蛾防治药剂筛选试验结果表明,几种杀虫剂对美国白蛾均有良好的防治效果。除球孢白僵菌WG杀虫速度慢,杀虫不彻底外,其余处理防效均为100%。其中,18%高氯·虫酰肼EC、22%阿维·毒死蜱ME杀虫速度快,特别是22%阿维·毒死蜱ME物美价廉,可作应急防治的首选药剂;0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WP、甲维·茚虫威25%WG、10%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC成本较高,可作为高效、低毒、低残留农药的候选对象;球孢白僵菌WG 400亿个/克虽然杀虫速度慢和不彻底,但仍有94.3%的高防效,且对环境安全友好,可以作为对人畜安全的农药推荐使用;5%甲维·茚虫威WG+白僵菌WG 400亿孢子/克混配处理,避免了白僵菌的缺点,可推荐使用。  相似文献   

9.
为有效防控新入侵迁飞性害虫草地贪夜蛾,指导科学用药,本研究按照农业农村部推荐用药,在室内采用浸叶法测定了8种杀虫剂对滇西南、滇南、滇中、滇东北4个区域5个草地贪夜蛾种群3龄幼虫的毒力。测定结果表明,8种杀虫剂对上述草地贪夜蛾种群的毒力大小顺序依次为:5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG(0.05～0.09 mg/L)≥25%乙基多杀菌素WG(0.16～0.26 mg/L)5%虱螨脲SC(0.84～7.07 mg/L)20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC(3.31～10.50 mg/L)10%虫螨腈SC(4.82～11.47 mg/L)30%茚虫威SC(23.79～40.41 mg/L)2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC(102.85～147.60 mg/L)32 000 IU/mg Bt WP(141.09～352.61 mg/L),其中,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素、茚虫威和Bt对4个区域种群的LD_(50)无显著性差异,虱螨脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虫螨腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯对4个区域种群的LD_(50)存在区域性差异,其中区域间差异显著的是5%虱螨脲SC,最大相对毒力指数为8.42倍。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素、虱螨脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺和虫螨腈对草地贪夜蛾的LD_(90)均低于各药剂的田间推荐剂量,是防治草地贪夜蛾的最佳杀虫剂;茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾的LD_(90)超过了推荐剂量,选用时注意防效,高效氯氟氰菊酯和Bt不推荐作为防治药剂。研究结果为云南地区草地贪夜蛾的有效防治提供了参考。  相似文献   

10.
本研究旨在明确不同杀虫剂对芹菜蚜的毒力以及杀虫剂复配对芹菜蚜的协同增效作用,从而找出最佳的农药配比,对芹菜蚜进行科学有效地防治.通过浸渍法测定了14种杀虫剂单剂及烯啶虫胺与氟啶虫胺腈复配组合物对芹菜蚜的室内毒力;同时采用玻璃管药膜法测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和高效氯氟氰菊酯对芹菜蚜虫的触杀毒力.结果 表明:供试药剂对芹菜蚜虫...  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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