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1.
通过室内毒理实验, 研究了盐度、碱度以及盐碱交互作用对大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)血清渗透压、血清离子(Na+、K+、Cl-、尿素氮)浓度和鳃丝Na+/K+ -ATP酶活力的影响。单因子实验中, 随着含盐水平(8 g/L、10 g/L、12 g/L、14 g/L)的增大, 大鳞鲃血清渗透压和血清离子(Na+、K+、Cl-)浓度均显著升高(P<0.05), 鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力先升高后降低, 受体内外渗透压差的影响最显著(P<0.05)。碱度的增大(19.05 mmol/L、30.20 mmol/L、47.86 mmol/L、75.86 mmol/L)能引起血清K+和尿素氮浓度显著升高(P<0.05), 但对血清渗透压和鳃丝ATP酶活力无显著影响。在双因子实验中, 盐碱交互升高会引起渗透压和血清离子(Na+、Cl-、尿素氮)显著升高(P<0.05)。方差分析结果表明, 盐度、碱度及交互作用均对渗透压有显著影响, 影响作用最大的是盐度, 其次是碱度, 交互作用最小。鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性先升高后降低, 最高值出现在盐度10 g/L、碱度30.20 mmol/L的正交试验组。从实验结果可得出, 大鳞鲃在盐度12g/L以下的水体中能生存, 在盐碱共存的环境下, 能耐受的上限为盐度10 g/L、碱度30.20 mmol。本研究旨在掌握大鳞鲃的生存盐碱度范围, 以期为该物种的增养殖生产提供基础依据。  相似文献   

2.
实验用中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹初始体质量为1.8 g左右。饲料A添加6%鳕鱼肝油和4%大豆卵鳞脂(饲料含4.53%磷脂和1.08%HUFA), 饲料B添加10%的猪油(饲料含0.39%磷脂和0.18%HUFA); 实验蟹单个体饲养(可防止蜕壳期间蟹相互残杀而获得饲料外的营养源), 雌蟹(F)、雄蟹(M)各60个, 实验周期120 d。结果表明: 两组饲料条件下, 幼蟹的存活率、增重率、特定生长率、平均蜕壳次数、蜕壳间隔时间及肝胰腺指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。但无论是雌蟹还是雄蟹, A组幼蟹肝胰腺和肌肉的总脂含量显著低于B组(P<0.05), 并且A组蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中磷脂、多不饱和脂肪酸和高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著高于B组(P<0.05)。这表明, 在中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饲料中添加4.53%磷脂和1.08%HUFA对其存活、生长、蜕壳无显著影响, 但可使其肝胰腺和肌肉中的总脂含量降低, 而磷脂、多不饱和脂肪酸和高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量升高。本研究结果旨在为中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的营养学研究提供理论依据, 同时也为生产上幼蟹饲料的开发提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
 运用同源克隆的方法和RACE技术, 从刀鲚(Coilia nasus)肌肉组织中克隆了肌肉生成抑制素基因(Myostatin, MSTN)的cDNA全长并分析了肌肉生长抑制素基因在刀鲚不同组织的表达情况。结果表明, 刀鲚MSTN 基因的cDNA全长2 252 bp, 编码区1 125 bp, 编码374氨基酸。二级结构预测显示, 刀鲚MSTN具有MSTN家族的典型结构域, 包含Pfam和TGFB结构域。运用荧光定量的方法检测了该基因在刀鲚不同组织中的表达。结果显示,  MSTN基因在健康刀鲚肌肉和脑中呈高表达, 鳃、肝、脾、肠、肾和头肾中微量表达。根据以上研究结果认为, 刀鲚MSTN基因的序列具有高度保守性, 组织表达模式相似, 推测该基因的功能也具有高度保守性。本研究旨为MSTN基因在刀鲚后续育种工作提供基础依据。  相似文献   

4.
大黄鱼网箱养殖水体的细菌群落结构   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
以16S rDNA为分子标记, 通过构建克隆文库、限制性片段长度多态性(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP)分析等技术手段, 研究大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)网箱养殖水体中细菌的群落结构。样品采自福建省宁德市三都湾富发养殖基地。随机选取5个不同养殖网箱水样混合, 取3 L混合水样过滤富集细菌后提取总DNA, 用细菌通用引物27F和1 492R扩增其16S rRNA基因, 构建克隆文库。从文库中随机挑选154个克隆子进行分析, 得到137个阳性克隆, 92种RFLP带型。对部分代表性克隆子进行测序的结果表明, 大黄鱼养殖水体中细菌多样性非常丰富。序列分析结果显示, γ-变形菌纲的假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)细菌为最优势菌(占γ-变形菌纲克隆子数的31.2%), 海源菌属(Idiomarina)次之(占γ-变形菌纲克隆子数的15.1%)。此外还存在6.6%的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、5.9%的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、各0.7%的浮霉状菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)细菌和OP11类群。本研究结果阐明了网箱养殖大黄鱼水体细菌的群落结构, 为大黄鱼养殖区病害防治、环境监测以及探讨大黄鱼健康养殖与养殖水体细菌间的关系奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
基于稳定碳氮同位素的莱州湾4种鳀鲱科鱼类营养级研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
为研究莱州湾4种鳀鲱科鱼类营养级, 根据2011年夏季(8月)和秋季(10月)莱州湾底拖网调查取得的样品, 测定了130 尾样品的稳定碳氮同位素值。结果表明所有样品的δ13C值范围为–21.97‰~–11.67‰, δ15N值范围为8.54‰~15.95‰。单因素方差分析结果表明, 各种类间稳定碳氮同位素比值差异显著(P<0.05)。青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)和斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)的δ15N值随叉长变化而有显著变化(P<0.05), 但黄鲫(Setipinna taty)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)的δ15N值随叉长的变化不明显(P>0.05)。青鳞小沙丁鱼营养级范围为2.80~4.88, 平均营养级为3.52±0.46; 斑鰶营养级范围为2.71~4.29, 平均营养级为3.34±0.33; 赤鼻棱鳀的营养级范围为3.38~4.42, 平均营养级为3.97±0.28; 黄鲫的营养级范围为3.28~4.13, 平均营养级为3.76±0.23。根据稳定碳氮同位素结果, 可以得出以下结论: (1)斑鰶的稳定碳同位素值范围较宽(–20.92~–11.67), 几乎涵盖了其余3种鱼类的稳定碳同位素范围(−21.97~−16.68), 表明斑鰶栖息水层分布较广, 和传统的中上层鱼类有明显差异; (2)斑鰶营养级随叉长增加而降低, 青鳞小沙丁鱼营养级随叉长增加而增加, 黄鲫和赤鼻棱鳀营养级随叉长变化不明显; (3)与胃含物分析方法相比, 赤鼻棱鳀营养级偏高0.7左右, 可能与赤鼻棱鳀摄食较多底层虾类有关, 其他3种鱼类稳定同位素测定结果略高, 但基本相当。本研究结果可为认识莱州湾渔业生物的营养关系以及构建食物网提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
利用微卫星DNA分子标记对广东湛江乌石(ZJ)、广西北海山口(BH)与越南锦普(JP)3个光裸星虫(Sipunculus nudus)野生群体的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明, 20个微卫星座位中有3个位点(Snu08、Snu10、Snu14)呈现单态, 17个多态微卫星座位中的等位基因数介于2～9之间, 多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.097～0.797之间。每个群体中有5个位点显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡, 在位点Snu18上3个群体均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。3个光裸星虫野生群体均表现出中等程度的遗传多样性水平, 锦普群体遗传多样性水平高于北海和湛江群体。群体间F-统计量分析表明, 群体遗传分化处于低等分化水平, 差异不显著(Fst=0.019～0.049, P>0.05); 基于DA遗传距离构建的NJ和UPGMA聚类树均显示, 地理位置相邻的群体聚在一起。研究表明, 3个光裸星虫地理群体均具有中等的遗传多样性, 杂合度均偏低, 群体间存在较大的基因流, 杂合子明显缺失; 群体间已产生遗传分化, 但分化水平还较低。  相似文献   

7.
采用同源克隆和RACE技术获得西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)β-actin基因cDNA全长, 序列分析表明西伯利亚鲟β-actin基因cDNA全长1 322 bp, 其包括的137 bp的5¢端非翻译区, 57 bp的3¢端非翻译区和编码375个氨基酸残基的1 128 bp开放阅读框。与其他物种比对, 该基因具极高的保守性。同时也利用同源克隆技术获得了西伯利亚鲟Sox2基因的同源保守区, 该序列长768 bp, 编码256个氨基酸, 也具较高的保守性, 与其他物种的相似性在70%以上。以β-actin作为内参基因, 对Sox2基因在西伯利亚鲟成鱼各组织及胚胎发育各时期进行实时荧光定量PCR检测, 发现Sox2基因在不同组织中均有表达。其中, 在肝、胰、肾、脑4个组织中表达量差距不大, 均处于相对较低的水平, 在肌肉组织中表达量最高, 达到了肝脏的10.4倍。同时Sox2基因虽在西伯利亚鲟胚胎发育各时期均有表达, 但表达也具明显的时间差异性。在受精卵期、囊胚期Sox2基因的相对表达量较低, 在原肠期、神经胚期、视泡形成期和心脏形成期Sox2基因相对表达量较高, 且在心脏形成期达到最高点。本研究为量化西伯利亚鲟发育分化过程中相关基因提供了坚实的参照工具, 增加了后续试验的可信度, 同时可为今后深入研究西伯利亚鲟Sox2在侧线神经节分化发育、细胞迁移过程中的作用提供基础参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
基于渔业声学和灯光罩网的南海中南部鸢乌贼资源评估   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  
为查明南海外海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)的资源量及其分布, 2012年秋季和2013年春季, 利用科学探鱼仪(Simrad EY60)结合灯光罩网采样方法对南海中南部(16°N–5°N)鸢乌贼资源进行了声学调查与评估。在确定该方法的有效性基础上, 调查结果显示, 1) 2012年秋季鸢乌贼丰度和资源量分别是3.26×1010 inds和2.14×106 t, 变异系数是23%; 鸢乌贼个体胴长范围、平均胴长和平均质量分别是62~248 mm、127 mm和65 g; 秋季, 鸢乌贼从南至北均有分布, 主要分布在8.0°N以北和114.0°E以西海域; 最高数量密度是1.7×106 inds·nmi–2 (6.5°N, 111.0°–111.1°E), 最高资源量密度是85 t·nmi–2 (15.0°N, 114.35°–114.45°E); 2) 2013年春季鸢乌贼丰度和资源量分别是2.98×1010 inds和2.44×6 t, 变异系数是23%; 鸢乌贼个体胴长范围、平均胴长和平均体质量分别是73~238 mm、122 mm和82 g; 春季, 鸢乌贼从南至北亦均有分布, 主要分布在11.0°N以北; 最高数量密度是3.3×106 inds·nmi–2 (13.0°N, 116.55°–116.65°E), 最高资源量密度是60 t·nmi–2 (15.0°N, 115.25°–115.35°E)。研究表明, 南海外海鸢乌贼资源量至少在2.00×106 t以上; 与2012年秋季相比, 2013年春季鸢乌贼密集区向东北移动。  相似文献   

9.
采用组织学和荧光实时定量PCR方法, 检测饲喂不同剂量芳香化酶抑制剂来曲唑(letrozole, 50、100和200 μg/g)对胡子鲇(Clarias fuscus)性腺组织学和性别比率的影响, 以及200 μg/g 来曲唑对性分化前后脑型芳香化酶基因(Cyp19a1b)和翼状螺旋/叉头转录因子2(Foxl2)基因表达的影响, 结果表明, 50 μg/g 剂量的来曲唑对胡子鲇性腺分化无显著影响; 但100 μg/g和200 μg/g剂量的来曲唑可促进胡子鲇精巢分化, 抑制卵巢分化, 卵巢腔最早出现时间和初级卵母细胞出现时间均分别推迟3 d和6 d, 而初级精母细胞最早出现时间则分别提前2 d和5 d, 且雄性率分别达65.8%和71.3%, 显著高于50 μg/L组和对照组(P<0.05)。胡子鲇性腺分化前(出膜后12 d), Cyp19a1b和Foxl2基因即开始表达, 性腺分化前后Cyp19a1b相对表达量无显著差异(P>0.05), 但Foxl2相对表达量则随性分化而逐渐降低, 且来曲唑显著抑制性腺分化过程中Cyp19a1b和Foxl2的表达(P<0.05)。结果表明, 100 μg/g 以上剂量的来曲唑可有效诱导胡子鲇分化为雄性; Cyp19a1b可能不直接参与胡子鲇性腺分化, 但Foxl2直接参与此过程。  相似文献   

10.
影响草鱼出血病疫苗免疫效果因素风险评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

 应用模糊层次分析法, 并结合流行病学调查、荟萃分析和德尔菲法, 构建了由评估指标体系、风险因素权重、评分标准、综合评价函数等组成的草鱼出血病免疫预防风险评估模型, 其中, 评估指标体系包括疫苗品质(B1)、免疫程序(B2)、鱼体(B3)、池塘环境(B4)和饲养管理(B5)共5个准则层风险因素和疫苗品种(C1)、保存温度与有效期(C2)、运输存储条件(C3)、免疫时疫苗的存放(C4)、免疫时鱼体健康状态(C5)、免疫技术(C6)、免疫剂量(C7)、漏免的鱼数(C8)、鱼种来源(C9)、健康状态(C10)、鱼体规格(C11)、水温(C12)、溶氧(C13)、氨氮(C14)、亚硝酸盐(C15)、pH值(C16)、透明度(C17)、水色(C18)、底泥厚度(C19)、载鱼量(C20)、搭配模式(C21)、药物的使用(C22)、饲料(C23)、青草投喂(C24)等24个指标层风险因素; 5个准则层风险因素权重值集合为W={0.267; 0.102; 0.131; 0.263; 0.237}, 24个指标层风险因素绝对权重集合为W={0.138;0.059;0.046; 0.024; 0.035; 0.018; 0.027; 0.022; 0.040; 0.054; 0.037; 0.076; 0.037; 0.032; 0.030; 0.027; 0.018; 0.019; 0.024; 0.104; 0.024; 0.027; 0.062; 0.020}; 分别建立了定性和定量评估指标的评分标准, 并以综合评价函数 表示风险评估结果。应用该模型评估了华南地区36个免疫池塘发病风险, 结果显示, 3个发病池塘风险值分别为0.572、0.638、0.617, 处于高度风险级别, 与未发病塘存在极显著差异(P<0.01), 评估结果较准确, 表明该模型可应用于草鱼出血病免疫预防管理和决策。

  相似文献   

11.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

14.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

15.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

16.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

17.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

18.
The recruitment strategy of swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated by field observations and numerical experiments in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan. Calculated dispersal patterns of zoeal and megalopal stages in a three-dimensional numerical model reproduce observed patterns accurately. The temporal change of vertical migration patterns between the 1st and 2nd zoeas and the 3rd and 4th zoeas plays an important role in the process of recruitment of P. trituberculatus from spawning ground to nursery ground.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Effects of salinity on embryonic development and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, eggs and larvae were studied. Eggs were incubated at 27-29°C in 2,4,6,8, and 10 ppt sodium chloride. Rate of embryonic development was delayed in all salt solutions by 15, 15,28 and 30 minutes, in 2,4,6, and 8 ppt sodium chloride, respectively, when compared with the control group (0% salt); total mortality occurred at 12 hours after gastrula stage in the 10 ppt concentration. Percentage hatching was 45.1,47.7, 59.5,49.2, and 26.6% while percentage deformity was 10.4, 16.1, 52.0, 28.6, and 71.6% in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppt salt treatments, respectively. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the hatching percentage and in deformity percentage between 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of yolk absorption was significantly faster in the control and 2 ppt salt treatments, but slower in 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of increase in length was slower with increasing salinity. The optimum salinity for African catfish eggs and was between 0-2 ppt and acceptable up to 6 ppt. The results suggest that increasing salinity delayed hatching and development of African catfish eggs and larvae, respectively, as well as increased the deformity of the larvae.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were raised in culture cages (1 m3) to determine the effect of stocking density on growth, survival, and percentage of market-size fish. Large fingerling rainbow trout (20-25 cm, 232 g average weight) were stocked into six cages located in a 0.4-ha pond. Two stocking densities (100 or 200 fish/cage) were used, and fish were grown for 140 days (2000-April 2001). Average total harvest weight (35.0 kg) in the low-density cages was approximately one-half the average total harvest weight (61.2 kg) in the high-density cages. Average weight gain (11.7 kg to 15.1 kg) and feed conversion (1.2 to 1.5) were also smaller for the low-density cages. Average survival was 96.7% for the low-density cages and 94.2% for the high-density cages, with the percentage of market-size fish (< 29 cm) averaging 50.3% and 52.0%, respectively. Production costs for the actual experiment and the revenues from fish sold at the end of the study were collected. An enterprise budget based on the experimental results for the two densities was developed to determine if a culture operation of this size would produce a net return. Production costs and revenues from the experiment resulted in a large negative return (-$3,124) and high breakeven price ($13.53/kg).  相似文献   

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