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1.
研究羽叶决明(Chamaecrasta nictitans)代木栽培鸡腿菇(Coprinus ovatus)对其绝对生物学效率、基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质纤维素转化的影响.结果表明,羽叶决明牧草替代60%木屑(A60)栽培鸡腿菇的绝对生物学效率最高,均为10.77%.覆土前和采收后的基物失重和呼吸消耗都以A0(CK)为最高,分别为11.47%、11.47%和31.75%、25.55%,其木质素转化率也最高,为79.21%;纤维素转化率以A100(羽叶决明牧草替代100%木屑)为最高,达50.93%;半纤维素转化率以A40(羽叶决明牧草替代40%木屑)为最高,为49.74%.回归分析结果表明,绝对生物学效率和半纤维素转化率与替代比例呈抛物线相关,而基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质素、纤维素转化率与替代比例呈线性相关. 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2017,(2)
本研究收集洞庭湖区不同生长期的芦苇,并对其主要生长指标及纤维素、半纤维素、木质素等主要化学组成进行测量分析,以期获得用于乙醇生产的芦苇适宜收获期。结果显示,芦苇全杆干重在整个生长期呈增加趋势,其中7~9月中旬,干重增加较快,单株干重平均每天增加2.10 g左右;芦苇的纤维素含量在41%左右,单株纤维素产量呈逐渐增加的趋势,7~9月中旬增长速率较快,9月中下旬纤维素产量增加缓慢;半纤维素含量在整个收获的时间段内变化不大,含量为37%左右;木质素含量最低为20.70%,最高为25.87%;单株木质素产量5~8月增长较快,9月后增长速率趋于平缓。综合考虑芦苇的干重、半纤维素、纤维素及木质素产量等,初步确定用作乙醇生产原料的芦苇适宜收获时期为9月中旬前后,此段时间芦苇干重较高,木质素含量低,而纤维素、半纤维素产量相对较高。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下,利用亚麻脱胶茵Ym68',对亚麻原茎进行快速脱胶试验,定期测定了麻茎中的脱胶菌活茵量、水溶物、果胶、半纤维素、木质素和纤维素等指标.结果表明,亚麻原茎中水溶物、果胶、半纤维素、木质素和纤维素含量分别为16.57%、7.82%、19.4%、18.4%和21.01%;脱胶完成时,果胶、半纤维素和木质素脱除率分别为82.1%、17.0%和11.4%;在接种后发酵2h内,亚麻麻茎中的水溶物由16.57%迅速降至7.93%;接种后发酵2h-4h,脱胶茵活茵量的增加幅度最大,为5.88倍;麻茎中果胶、半纤维素和木质素的含量均随着时间的延长而降低. 相似文献
4.
不同林下栽培方式对灵芝生长和培养料碳素转化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过设置露天（T1）和遮阴（T2）两种林下栽培灵芝试验,研究分析不同林下栽培方式对灵芝子实体产量、绝对生物学效率、主要活性成分以及培养料碳素转化的影响,并监测子实体发育阶段CO2排放通量的变化。结果表明：与T1栽培方式相比,T2栽培方式灵芝的子实体产量和绝对生物学效率平均高出36.76%,总三萜酸含量平均高出17.67%,而多糖含量平均低25.30%,并且其间的差异达显著性水平。同时,T2处理的灵芝子实体碳素转化率平均高出48.56%,碳素损失率平均高出28.96%,菌渣残留率平均低25.62%。在子实体发育阶段T2栽培方式下CO2平均排放通量平均高出46.23%,与环境空气湿度呈显著负相关,其相关系数为0.24。 相似文献
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通过对15个杂交种及其22个亲本自交系的茎秆热值及其化学组分的测定,结果表明:秸秆热值与秸秆产量和子粒产量关系密切;不同材料间、同一材料不同部位间的热值及半纤维素、纤维素、木质素含量存在差异;同一材料的热值及纤维素、木质素含量从上部到下部逐渐增多,半纤维素含量逐渐减少;热值与纤维素、木质素含量间有密切相关回归关系,其回归方程为Y=10 523.6+13 273.4X1+15 908.9X2,初步确定纤维素、木质素作为秸秆的主要能量指标;根据热值、产量性状结果,认 相似文献
7.
以甘蔗渣为主料,啤酒糟为主要辅料,通过研究姬菇6号、新选700、特抗650和夏抗50菌丝生长速度、长势和生物转化率等指,标优化出比较适合蔗渣栽培的平菇品种和栽培配方。正交实验极差结果显示,影响4个平菇生物转化率的主次因素为啤酒糟＞麸皮。实验结果表明,添加适宜的麸皮是蔗渣栽培平菇增产的关键;姬菇6号、新选700、特抗650和夏抗50均在配方4(A2B3)上生物转化率最高,即啤酒糟15%、麸皮10%的配方上生物转化率最大,其生物转化率分别为160.06%、140.89%、178.75%和125.87%。结合4个菌株出菇时的农艺性状得出,姬菇6号比较适合以甘蔗渣为主料,啤酒糟为辅料的培养基栽培。 相似文献
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草菇周年栽培关键技术研究Ⅱ——用正交试验法优化稻草熟料周年栽培配方 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取不同菌株(屏优一号、V0026和V0024-3)、麸皮、棉籽壳等作为试验因素,采用L9(34)正交表设计三因素三水平的正交试验,对所选菌株以及麸皮和棉籽壳的添加量作了试验,对草菇生物转化率结果作方差分析,确定合适的周年栽培配方。试验结果表明:麸皮、棉籽壳和品种对生物学效率的影响大小依次为麸皮>品种>棉籽壳,麸皮是影响生物学效率的主要因素;以屏优一号为生产菌株,适合周年栽培配方为稻草58%、麸皮10%、棉籽壳30%、石膏2%、石灰2%。 相似文献
10.
为明确宽幅条播和种植密度对燕麦茎秆抗倒伏性能的调节作用,于2019—2020年在内蒙古乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院试验基地,以燕麦品种蒙农大燕1号为试验材料,设置宽幅条播和常规条播两种播种方式及300万株·hm-2、450万株·hm-2、600万株·hm-23个种植密度,分析不同播种方式和种植密度下燕麦茎秆木质素、纤维素、半纤维素和钾含量及抗倒伏指数和倒伏率的差异。结果表明,随着种植密度的增大,燕麦倒伏率及倒伏等级均呈增加趋势,茎秆木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、钾含量及抗倒伏指数均呈下降趋势。在同一种植密度下宽幅条播燕麦的茎秆木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、钾含量及抗倒伏指数均高于常规条播,其中纤维素含量较常规条播增加了5.7%～16.3%,且在高密度下增幅最大;半纤维素、木质素和钾含量及抗倒伏指数分别增加10.9%～20.3%、13.6%～23.3%、1.6%～25.5%和12.7%～56.5%。宽幅条播有利于燕麦产量构成因素协同增加,尤其是穗数增加,进而起到增产作用,在高密度下效果更显著。由此可见,宽幅条播可有效缓解群体密度增加... 相似文献
11.
Dr. David A. T. Southgate Dr. Sheila A. Bingham 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,29(1-2):49-58
The intake of Dietary Fibre (which is defined as the sum of lignin and the polysaccharides not hydrolysed by the endogenous secretions of the human digestive tract) is derived from the plant cell walls in the diet and other non-structural polysaccharides either present naturally in foods, or derived from polysaccharide food additives such as gums or algal polysaccharides. The composition of this complex mixture, its chemical and physical properties, and therefore, the physiological effects associated with its ingestion, will vary according to the foods making up in the diet. While techniques for the measurement and characterisation of dietary fibre still call for a considerable amount of methodological development it is possible to obtain reliable estimates for the major components and the overall composition of these components. These show that in fruits and vegetables the total dietary fibre content (on a fresh weight basis) lies between 2 and 5 g/100 g with peas and beans being an exception in having higher contents. The dietary fibre in cereals varies with the cereal and the reate of extraction used; for example, wholemeal wheat flours contain between 12 and 15 g/100 g whereas white wheat flour (72% extraction) contains between 3 and 4 g/100 g. Wheat bran and related products have much higher contents. The proportion of the dietary fibre present as cellulose does not show great variablility but lignin is extremely variable. Fruits and vegetables contain very small amounts of lignin unless they have lignified seeds or special lignified tissues. The non-cellulosic polysaccharides of fruits and vegetables are characteristically rich in uronic acids (from pectic substances) and arabino-galactans. In cereals β-glucans and arabino-xylans predominate and wheat bran and wholemeal wheat and rye flours are particularly rich in arabino-xylans. The amounds and composition of the dietary fibre in foods commonly forming the diet eaten in the United Kingdom will be reviewed and their contribution to the diet as a whole will be discussed. Changes in the pattern of food consumption in the United Kingdom in the past century will be discussed in relation to the effects that these have had on the consumption of dietary fibre. 相似文献
12.
金针菇松杉木屑菌糠栽培猴头菇的技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为降低猴头菇生产成本和解决松杉木屑工厂化栽培金针菇菌糠利用问题,研究了金针菇菌糠营养成分和不同配方对猴头菇产量及经济效益的影响。结果显示:金针菇菌糠含有9.8%粗蛋白、32.3%粗纤维、1.2%粗脂肪、17.9%木质素和7.7%灰分;筛选出配方2是最佳的配方,比例分别为金针菇菌糠38%、棉籽壳20%、玉米芯30%、麸皮10%、碳酸钙2%,其产量和利润分别比对照组、配方1、配方3和配方4提高了9.67%、25.00%、6.12%、8.40%和115.91%、48.44%、46.15%、25.00%。为金针菇菌糠用于猴头菇大面积栽培提供了科学依据。 相似文献
13.
The objectives of this work were to 1) determine the physical structure of untreated wheat bran and the differences in physical structure between its dissected layers; 2) evaluate how bran hydration affected bran crystallinity and polymer order; and 3) determine how enzymatic treatment of wheat bran affected its physical structure. For the first time, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR), and polarized light microscopy with a waveplate were used to study the physical structure of wheat bran and its dissected layers. The XRD and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR both confirmed the presence of crystalline cellulose in untreated bran, enzymatically treated bran, and dissected bran layers. The outer pericarp had the highest crystallinity of the dissected bran layers and showed negative birefringence. The aleurone layer was low in cellulose content and completely amorphous, yet the cell walls in the aleurone layer showed strong positive birefringence. The treatment of destarched and deproteinated bran with the Updegraff reagent removed amorphous material, leaving its crystalline cellulose structure intact. Hydration of the outer pericarp increased its crystallinity index and CP/MAS NMR resonance intensity, which indicated a possible increase in polymer order. The SAXS also confirmed that cell wall polymers, possibly aggregated cellulose microfibrils, increased in order as a result of hydration. 相似文献
14.
为解析影响小麦倒伏发生的关键因子与内在机制,基于示范样地,选择不同养分管理下实际倒伏三块样本(1个高倒伏田块和2个低倒伏田块,养分管理方式分别为普通化肥深施、普通化肥撒施和缓控释肥深施),对小麦株型、倒伏节间的形态、组分及维管束数量、根系构型、土壤养分供应等进行比较分析。结果表明,在同等氮肥施用量与相同播种密度下,化肥深施田块（D-CF）的倒伏率高于化肥撒施（M-CF）和缓控释肥深施田块（D-RCU）。茎基部节间是小麦倒伏发生的主要部位,节间越长,倒伏高度越高。高倒伏样本田块（D-CF）的株高显著高于M-CF和D-RCU田块,分别增加15.7%和15.1%,且D-CF田块的穗重与茎鞘叶重比最高。不同田块倒伏节间（茎基部节间）的外径、壁厚均无显著差异,但高倒伏田块D-CF的茎基部节间维管束面积和数量均低于低倒伏田块,较M-CF减少8.7%和9.0%,较D-RCU降低了11.8%和5.9%,且纤维素、半纤维素与木质素的含量显著低于D-RCU田块。D-CF田块的根尖数显著高于两低倒伏田块,且根系总长与表面积显著高于D-RCU田块。D-CF田块的5~10、10~15和15~20 cm土层的速效氮含量均最高。经相关性分析,倒伏率与株高呈显著正相关,与倒伏节间维管束数量及半纤维素、纤维素与木质素的总含量均呈显著负相关。株高分别与根系总根长、根尖数及5~20 cm土壤速效氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关,而维管束数量与5~10 cm土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关,纤维素及木质素含量均与5~20 cm土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关,半纤维素含量则与10~15 cm土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关。受田间小麦根系构型及中下层土壤速效氮含量影响,株高和茎基部节间维管束数量及三素（半纤维素、纤维素、木质素）含量是小麦倒伏风险的主要影响因子。 相似文献
15.
Anne Rieder Ann Katrin Holtekjølen Stefan Sahlstrøm Anette Moldestad 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012,55(1):44-52
The potential of sourdough to improve bread quality of barley and oat enriched wheat breads may depend on the characteristics of the added flour (cereal type, variety, extraction rate). We compared the effect of different barley flours and oat bran (substitution level 40%), unfermented and as sourdoughs (20% of total flour), on composite wheat dough and bread characteristics by combining empirical rheological analyses (DoughLab, SMS/Kieffer Dough and Gluten Extensibility Rig) with small-scale baking of hearth loaves. Whole grain barley flour sourdough increased resistance to extension (Rmax) of the dough and improved the form ratio of hearth loaves compared to unfermented whole grain barley flour. However, sourdough showed little effect on the breads prepared with sifted barley flour or oat bran. The breads made with oat bran showed highest bread volume, lowest crumb firmness and highest β-glucan calcofluor weight average molecular weight (MW). The heat treatment of oat bran inactivated endogenous enzymes resulting in less β-glucan degradation. High MW β-glucans will increase the viscosity of the doughs water phase, which in turn may stabilise gas cells and may therefore be the reason for the higher bread volume of the oat bran breads observed in our study. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2001,34(1):29-35
An extraction method based on the use of dilute alkaline solutions of hydrogen peroxide removing the lignin present in lignocellulosic materials (Gould, J. M. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984) 46–52), was studied for the extraction of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from wheat bran. The influence of extraction temperature and time, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and percentage of bran in the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution on the extraction yields of non-cellulosic glucose, arabinose and xylose residues were investigated. Extraction for 4 h at 60 °C with an alkaline (pH 11.5) H2O2-solution (2·0%) and 2·0% wheat bran in the extractant yielded an alkaline extract containing 77% of the wheat bran total arabinose content, 65% of the total xylose content and 86% of the total non-cellulosic glucose content. 相似文献
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为明确抗倒伏小麦品种黔麦1175茎秆形成的关键因素,在扬花期和成熟期分别测定黔麦1175及易倒伏对照品种黔麦18的生长特性、茎秆特性、纤维素和木质素的含量等性状指标,利用转录组测序技术挖掘调控两个品种茎秆形成的差异表达基因,并对其进行GO功能注释和KEGG富集分析。结果表明,在扬花期,黔麦1175的株高、茎秆重心高度和穗长均显著低于黔麦18,但两品种间的穗重以及茎秆、基部1～2节间的长度和干重均无显著差异;在成熟期,黔麦1175的穗长以及茎秆长度、干重和鲜重均显著低于黔麦18,但穗重、基部1～2节间的长度和干重均无显著差异。黔麦1175的茎秆抗折力、纤维素和木质素的含量均显著高于黔麦18。转录组测序结果表明,各样品的有效数据(clean data)均达到13.85 Gb以上,Q30碱基百分比在93.8%以上。对差异表达基因进行GO功能分类,发现差异表达基因主要涉及催化活性、结合、代谢过程、细胞部分、膜部分、细胞过程、细胞器膜、刺激应答、生物调控、转运活性、转录调控活性等通路;KEGG富集分析结果显示,苯丙烷生物合成、DNA复制、光合作用-天线蛋白、植物激素信号转导等通路富集到的差异表达... 相似文献
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Outi Santala Pekka Lehtinen Emilia Nordlund Tapani Suortti Kaisa Poutanen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(2):187-194
Arabinoxylan (AX) has a major impact on the functional properties of wheat bran, and it has been shown that technological properties of bran can be improved by using endoxylanases. Enzymatic treatments are typically conducted at high water content. However, in industrial applications, low water content may be advantageous, especially when targeting dry end products. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of water content, ranging from 20 to 90%, on the efficiency of endoxylanase treatment of wheat bran. Interestingly, AX solubilisation was highest at the water contents of 40 and 90%. At water contents 50–80%, AX solubilisation was lower than at 40 and 90%. Furthermore, at low water content, less depolymerisation was detected. At water content of 40%, the bran-water mixture was transformed from powder-like into compact mass. Probably the compact consistency of the material enhanced AX solubilisation by increased breakdown of bran cell walls due to shear forces or via enhanced enzyme binding to the substrate. The results show that solubilisation of bran AX can also be efficiently performed at low water content. 相似文献