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1.
奉新毛竹林土壤养分空间变异性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用地统计学的半方差函数,定量研究了奉新县平衡施肥毛竹林的土壤养分空间变异特征。结果表明,毛竹林土壤养分存在半方差结构,多数为球状模型。奉新毛竹林土壤的变程为32～398.m,取样距离15～20.m,能满足毛竹林土壤空间变异评价的要求。N、P、K等养分的空间相关性小,人为经营、施肥等措施对土壤速效N、P、K的影响大于Ca、B、Fe、Mg等养分。奉新毛竹林土壤养分的分数维值排列顺序为:Cu>Mn>全P>Zn>P>N>Fe>K>Mg>S>OM>Ca>B>全K>全N。施肥时间长对于养分的空间分布均匀性有调和、促进作用。毛竹林土壤养分结构性变异大于随机变异,土壤内在属性(土壤矿物和地形)比人为因素(栽培管理水平和施肥措施)的影响大。 相似文献
2.
剑阁县植烟土壤养分的空间变异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用地统计学和地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的方法研究了四川省剑阁县植烟土壤养分的空间变异特征。研究结果表明:土壤pH为弱变异性,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾为中等强度变异。基于半方差模型理论研究表明:土壤pH、碱解氮和速效磷表现为强烈的空间自相关性,其变异程度主要由结构性因素引起;有机质、全氮、速效钾表现为中等空间相关性,受到结构性因素和随机性因素的共同影响,养分空间自相关距离分别为12~201m范围内;进而形成养分指标空间分布图,直观地反映出土壤养分分布状况和丰缺情况,为广元市剑阁县植烟土壤的差异化管理奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
待复垦村庄土壤养分特征研究——以山西省西郜村为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
掌握复垦村庄土壤养分状况,有助于探究长期作为村庄的土壤养分特点,为土地复垦过程中改善土壤质量与土壤培肥提供依据。以山西省晋城市泽州县西郜村煤炭基地复垦村庄为研究区,运用地统计学与GIS相结合的方法,研究土壤中有机质、全氮、速效钾和有效磷养分含量及空间分布特征,并在地理信息系统支持下绘制土壤养分的空间分布图。研究结果表明:土壤这4种养分的变异系数范围为19.78%~29.45%,变异程度较小,有机质、速效钾的半方差拟合模型为球状模型,全氮、有效磷的半方差拟合模型为高斯模型;有机质、全氮、速效钾和有效磷的变程分别为59.70,54.47,55.89,66.87 m,块金系数分别为74.2%,74.9%,69.1%,76.5%,具有中等程度的空间相关性;研究区内4种养分分布略有差异,但整体上均在村庄中部含量较高,逐次向周围递减,土壤养分空间分布格局是在地形变化、人类活动以及其他随机因素共同作用下而形成的。掌握村庄土壤养分的空间分布规律,能够为煤炭基地村庄复垦后耕地质量提升、农田土壤养分精准管理和施肥决策提供一定的依据。 相似文献
4.
植烟土壤有效态微量元素空间变异特征 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
基于GIS和GPS定位技术,结合网格取样,用地统计学方法研究了褐土烟区土壤有效态微量元素养分(速效Fe、速效Mn、速效Cu、速效Zn)的空间变异规律,并绘制了微量养分空间分布图。结果表明:土壤速效微量养分在整个研究区内均表现出中等变异水平,其变异性大小表现为:速效Zn速效Mn速效Cu速效Fe。除速效Mn外,其他微量元素都表现出很强的空间结构性,速效Cu、Zn变程较短,分别为182m和175m,速效Mn变程较长为850m。基于半方差函数模型,用普通克里格法对研究区土壤速效微量养分进行了克里格插值,结果表明:速效Fe在研究区内普遍缺乏,速效Mn、速效Cu含量中等偏高,而速效Zn含量在整个研究区表现出明显的差异性。 相似文献
5.
以一块面积约为13.3 hm2的冬小麦田为研究区，利用GPS接收机定位，按50 m×50 m设置网格，共取63个采样点，测定土壤表层(20 cm)内的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、容重、田间土壤含水率和电导率，研究麦田土壤特性的空间变异规律。采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法对所取的数据进行了分析，利用Arcview3.2软件的空间分析功能，绘制了表达这些土壤特性随机性和结构性的半方差图和空间分布图。研究结果表明：所有土壤特性均服从正态分布；土壤容重具有弱变异强度，其它土壤特性具有中等变异强度；土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾和电导率具有很强的相关性，土壤容重、速效磷和含水率具有中等强度的空间相关性，土壤特性的相关距变化范围为246.8～426.8 m。该成果可为农田的定位施肥、灌溉以及其它的农田精细管理提供依据。 相似文献
6.
典型喀斯特峰丛洼地坡面土壤养分空间变异性研究 总被引：39，自引：1，他引：39
采用线形取样,利用地统计学方法研究了典型喀斯特峰丛洼地坡面土壤养分的空间变异特征.结果表明:有机碳、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾具有相似的空间变异结构,其变程变化在212～251 m之间,与坡面不同土地利用方式的空间范围相当.全磷和全钾的变异尺度较小,为141.2 m和120.6m.受部分耕地施用磷肥影响,速效磷的变异尺度最小,仅为85.1 m.除pH值外,土壤各养分均表现为强烈的空间相关性.有机碳、全氮、碱解氮等养分的空间分布表现出随着海拔高度增加而增大的特征,人类的耕作管理和峰丛洼地特殊的水文地质过程是影响土壤养分空间变异的主要因素. 相似文献
7.
宜兴地区不同利用方式下土壤氮、磷含量分布特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学方法,研究了太湖流域宜兴地区不同土地利用方式下土壤氮、磷的空间变异特性。结果表明,研究区土壤全氮、速效磷含量均处于I级水平,不同利用方式的土壤全氮变异系数在30%左右,速效磷处于25%~65%间,空间分布不均匀。与1982年监测结果相比,土壤全氮、速效磷含量均得到提高,其中速效磷含量提高226%,增幅十分显著。水稻田的全氮含量、菜园土的速效磷含量均显著高于其他土壤,达到极显著水平。菜园土全氮和速效磷半方差函数模型的块基比分别为44.87%和58.82%,空间相关性最弱,而人工管理措施最少的果园土其空间相关性最强,块基比分别为26.45%和21.88%。宜兴地区土壤氮磷含量分布不均,与种植制度、肥料施用量等农业管理措施有关。土壤全氮、速效磷含量分布特性与其利用方式关系密切,不同利用方式下土壤的空间相关性有明显差异。宜兴境内太湖沿岸区域土壤氮磷含量过高,需要控制肥料的施加量,提高利用率,减少农业面源污染。 相似文献
8.
基于GS+和ArcGIS的蒲江县耕地土壤养分空间变异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《农业研究与应用》2020,(2)
基于GS+7.0、ArcGIS10.2建立蒲江县全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质5种耕地土壤养分含量的最优半方差函数模型,利用该模型进行了空间变异和普通Kriging空间插值分析。研究区土壤全氮、碱解氮、有机质均具有中等空间变异性,有效磷、速效钾表现为弱空间变异性。全氮、碱解氮含量高低受地形、成土母质、土壤类型等自然条件和施肥、种植模式、耕作措施等人为活动的共同影响,有机质更多地受人为活动的影响,而有效磷、速效钾则主要决定于人为活动的作用。5种土壤养分含量的空间插值图可直观地表达县域耕地土壤养分的含量水平及其分布状况,使用该图件可方便地提出相应的平衡施肥建议。 相似文献
9.
在夏季和冬季运用网格法采取耕层土,测定土壤速效氮磷钾含量,并运用经典统计方法及地统计方法进行分析。结果表明:1）不同季节土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量均符合正态分布,并且在不同季节大致保持总量平衡,但8月份变异系数比12月份大。2）在同一季节中,3种速效养分间彼此显著相关,而且氮磷之间的相关性大于氮钾、磷钾之间的相关性。土壤速效氮、磷、钾之间存在比较好的比例关系,在不同季节基本保持稳定,受茬口影响不大;速效养分季节变化量间也存在显著性相关关系,其中速效磷变化量与速效钾变化量间相关关系的决定系数最大。不同季节同种速效养分含量间相关性极显著,但速效氮的相关系数最小,表明速效氮含量随季节产生的趋势性变化不如速效磷、钾明显。3）不同季节不同速效养分均具有明显的空间变异结构。12月份速效氮含量的空间变异函数为球形模型,其他指标为指数模型;8月份速效磷含量空间相关性弱,其他指标空间相关程度中等。速效氮空间相关性不同季节相对稳定,最大相关距稳定在450 m;速效磷和速效钾变异结构参数随着季节变化而变化,半方差的结构系数12月份明显大于8月份,8月份最大相关距分别为497和413 m,12月份最大相关距分别为141和157 m。 相似文献
10.
基于空间统计学和GIS的农牧交错带土壤养分空间特征分析--以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
土壤养分是土壤肥力的重要标志，是土地评价和管理的重要指标之一。通过空间统计分析和GIS分析了农牧交错带土壤养分的空间分布特征。结果表明，土壤有机质的Moran I系数对尺度响应敏感，随着尺度的增大，空间自相关性减少，而全氮、速效磷和速效钾的Moran I系数对空间的尺度响应不明显；土壤的有机质、全氮和速效磷在50km的范围内表现出空间的正相关，而在60km以外表现出空间的负相关；土壤表层速效钾变程最大（33000m），全氮次之（11000m），速效磷最小（3000m）；土壤表层养分的变程与分维数呈明显的负相关关系，土壤表层有机质和速效钾的最佳拟合模型为指数模型，而全氮和速效磷的最佳拟合模型为球状模型。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献