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1.
2011年国内猪价大幅上涨,国内养殖场纷纷扩大养殖规模,集约化养殖趋势日益明显,畜禽生产中产生的臭气对环境的污染也随之不断加剧,恶臭会对畜禽生产造成危害,从而影响到畜禽生产性能的发挥,同时猪场对疫病的易感性提高,生猪患病风险加大.集约化养殖模式下猪场空气环境的改善越来越引起大家的重视.主要从饲料添加剂的角度,综述目前化学物理除臭、生物除臭及植物除臭等方法的各自特点和对畜禽养殖环境的改善效果.发展无污染、高效的除臭剂和除臭剂饲料也将是今后畜禽养殖的研究重点. 相似文献
2.
随着养猪业的快速发展和人们环保意识的提高,养猪业的臭气污染问题已越来越突出,有关除臭技术的研究已成为无公害畜产品生产中的一个重要环节。为此,综述了养猪生产中恶臭的来源、成分、危害以及目前在生产中发挥除臭作用的除臭剂的开发和利用现状。 相似文献
3.
针对畜禽粪便(半)开放式堆肥臭气扰民问题,通过设计一种过程除臭装置以减少臭气对周边环境的影响。该除臭设备由翻抛机上的高位喷洒单元和低位喷洒单元组成,其中,每个喷洒单元包括除臭液储存罐、增压泵机、输送管路、输送管路支架、喷头和控制系统。低位除臭单元除臭剂为小分子有机酸,高位除臭单元除臭剂为功能微生物菌剂。翻堆时,自动控制系统开启增压泵机,抽取除臭剂向已翻抛过的堆体表面喷洒。该装置臭气减排情况表明,其能够显著降低翻抛过程中释放的氨气和硫化氢含量(P0.05),脱除效率分别为90%和85%。翻堆后4 h检测结果显示,通过喷洒至堆体表面的有机酸中和作用和微生物转化作用,可在静置期将氨气释放量降低40%以上,并有效降低硫化氢释放量。说明该除臭装置能够有效减少堆肥过程释放至环境中的氨气和硫化氢。 相似文献
4.
近半个世纪中国的畜牧业得到了迅速发展,而且集约化程度越来越高,集约化使养殖业的经济效益提高了,但同时带来了严重的环境污染,特别是臭气和粪便的污染.畜牧场臭气不但对人类的健康造成极大的威胁,而且也严重的影响着家畜(禽)的健康和生产性能的发挥.本文主要综述了植物型除臭剂在动物生产中应用现状,并指出了其应用的前景. 相似文献
5.
近半个世纪中国的畜牧业得到了迅速发展，而且集约化程度越来越高，集约化使养殖业的经济效益提高了，但同时带来了严重的环境污染，特别是臭气和粪便的污染。畜牧场臭气不但对人类的健康造成极大的威胁，而且也严重的影响着家畜(禽)的健康和生产性能的发挥。本文主要综述了植物型除臭剂在动物生产中应用现状，并指出了其应用的前景。 相似文献
6.
近年来,随着畜禽规模化养殖快速发展,畜禽养殖场产生的氨气、硫化氢、挥发性有机物等臭气,严重影响了畜禽正常的生长、生产和养殖场区及周边环境,养殖场臭气污染治理问题亟待解决。目前,畜禽养殖场臭气除臭方法主要有物理法、化学法和微生物法,通过改变恶臭气体的物象和结构、减少产生量,从而达到减排除臭的效果。 相似文献
7.
养殖污染问题一直阻碍着畜牧业发展,解决环保问题已迫在眉睫。环保饲料是解决畜禽养殖环保问题的重要途径之一。安佑集团洪平先生分别介绍氨基酸平衡饲粮、高消化率饲粮、无抗生素饲粮和除臭型饲粮等环保饲粮,并分析了各种饲料对降低氨、磷、药物残留及臭气污染的作用。 相似文献
8.
应用环保饲料是解决畜禽养殖环保问题的重要途径之一,也是实现可持续畜牧业发展的有效途径,主要包括开发氨基酸平衡饲粮、高消化率饲粮、无抗生素饲粮和除臭型饲粮等环保饲粮,来降低氮、磷、药物残留及臭气污染。近年来,安佑致力于环保饲料的研究,总结出应用环保饲料应对粪尿污染的五大对策。 相似文献
9.
<正>由畜禽及实验动物、饲料及其它有机物分解产生的氨、硫化氢、甲烷和其它气体等组成的臭气,对畜禽及实验动物具有直接毒害作用。轻则使动物体质下降,繁殖力降低,有的母鼠吃小鼠或增重缓慢或产蛋减少;重则引起动物死亡。因此,消除畜禽舍内的有害气体,促进健康,减少疾病,是饲养中不可忽视的任务之一。为此,我们研制了多功能“92复合除臭剂”(简称“92除臭剂”以下同)。现将其除臭效果报告如下。材料与方法 (一)材料 1.“92除臭剂”由数种具有除臭的吸附作用的化学药品组成,其用量均在正常用量范围内, 2.硫化氢和氨的制备 硫化氢系用硫化铁粉和盐酸反应生成,用空气配成一定浓度。氨是将氨水蒸发后收集于贮气瓶中,与空气混合成一定浓度。 相似文献
10.
随着一些高致命性传染病的暴发,畜牧环境卫生问题受到了人们的关注。本文总结了国内外有关畜禽环境方面的研究,从臭气成分分析、恶臭气体除臭方法及控制措施方面作了简单介绍,并为我国当前的除臭工艺提出了改进措施建议,为解决畜禽养殖场臭气污染问题指明方向。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
15.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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