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1.
主要对西藏栽培油菜与野生油菜遗传资源的表型性状、抗寒性、含油率、熟期和千粒重做了比较分析.结果表明:野生芥菜型油菜种质资源子叶类型最为丰富;野生芥菜型油菜和野生白菜型油菜以宽萼片为主,栽培芥菜型和栽培白菜型油菜以中萼片为主;野生白菜型油菜的抗寒性强于其他油菜,栽培芥菜型油菜抗寒性较栽培白菜型和野生芥菜型好;野生白菜型油菜和野生芥菜型种质资源的含油率大多超过40％,野生油菜种质资源含油率高于栽培油菜含油率;在山南和日喀则,无论是野生型油菜种质资源,还是栽培型油菜种质资源,除极早熟外分布有不同熟期的油菜类型;千粒重大于5 g的种质资源中,野生白菜型和栽培芥菜型油菜所占比重较大.野生芥菜型和栽培白菜型油菜的千粒重以1～5 g的居多,而千粒重小于1 g的种质资源分布在野生芥菜型和栽培白菜型油菜中;野生油菜的成熟期比栽培油菜要早20～40 d. 相似文献
2.
以甘蓝型油菜品系16′8006、16′8036为试验材料,研究了叶面喷施化学杀雄剂苯磺隆的杀雄效果及对制种产量的影响,在16′8006抽薹高度达15～20cm、花蕾长度1～2mm时进行叶面喷施苯磺隆处理,浓度分别为0(CK)、0.1μg/mL、0.2μg/mL、0.4μg/mL和0.8μg/mL。结果表明0.1μg/mL、0.2μg/mL、0.4μg/mL和0.8μg/mL处理下,相对结实率分别仅为9.46%、4.02%、0.10%和0;相对产量分别为94.07%、72.88%、10.17%和0。结合不同浓度苯磺隆杀雄效果及制种产量,认为0.1μg/mL浓度的苯磺隆既能满足大田制种纯度需要又可以获得相对高的制种产量。 相似文献
3.
本研究克隆了来自抗磺酰脲类(SU)除草剂油菜种质M342的ALS基因,并用于油菜遗传转化的筛选标记,成功获得转基因耐除草剂油菜植株。研究发现油菜下胚轴外植体愈伤及不定芽的诱导对除草剂氯磺隆高度敏感,大于5 nm浓度的氯磺隆能完全抑制油菜下胚轴愈伤和不定芽的诱导。在甘蓝型油菜的遗传转化中,筛选剂氯磺隆的有效使用浓度范围比较广,从5～100 nm均可以用来筛选抗性愈伤和抗性芽。用10～20 nm的氯磺隆作筛选剂,具有较高的抗性芽诱导率和转基因阳性率。获得的转基因油菜表现出抗磺酰脲类除草剂的能力并能遗传。 相似文献
4.
为了组配双低高油高产强优势杂交油菜组合,选育双低高油丰产性好的隐性核不育系.用隐性核不育杂交组合杂291的F2群体分离的不育株与双低高油丰产性好的R-9品系杂交、自交、连续5代兄妹交(不育株/可育株),转育成新的隐性核不育两型系NAB-2.在不匀苗的条件下,调查NAB-2群体不育株与可育株的比例1∶1,卡方检验不显著;可育株自交群体中,可育株与不育株的比例3∶1,卡方检验不显著;NAB-2芥酸0.5％、饼含硫代葡萄糖甙(以下简称硫甙)19.2,μmol/g、含油率45.9％;植物学性状和经济性状基本稳定、生育期230 d左右. 相似文献
5.
芥菜型油菜(Brassica Juncea)杂种优势利用的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1973年,本院发现芥菜型油菜雄性不育株后,经连续几年研究,1975年育成了欧新 A 不育系,欧新 B 保持系和74243—6恢复系,实现了芥菜型“三系”配套。多年来连续测定表明,育成的芥菜型“三系”表现育性稳定,欧新 A 不育系的不育株率达100%,单株自交结实指数平均在0.000—0.103之间。恢复株率为99.54～100%,F_1杂种有较强的苗期优 相似文献
6.
甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系,可育,不育型初花前后特性的观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系不育型花蕾比可育型细长,手摸松软,死蕾较多,初花比可育型晚。制种拨除可育株可从不育型见花后开始,可同时拨除开花株和能识别但未开花的植株,每隔5天左右进行一次。 相似文献
7.
采用营养液培养试验比较了低锌营养下芥菜、白菜、甘蓝型3个油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种幼苗的生物量，抗氧化酶活性，根系活力，叶绿素含量及对锌的吸收、利用差异。试验结果表明，3个油菜品种由于基因型不同，在耐低锌营养能力方面存在显著性差异。在低锌时(10-6mol/L Zn2+)，幼苗植株地上部干重以芥菜型>甘蓝型>白菜型，地上部干重分别较无锌对照处理增加17.8%(芥菜型)、9.9%(白菜型)、3.3%(甘蓝型)。芥菜型叶CAT、POD、SOD活性，叶绿素含量及根系活力也明显高于甘蓝型和白菜型油菜。锌积累量及锌利用率也以芥菜型远远大于其它2个品种，锌素利用效率分别为12.3%（芥菜型），8.0%(白菜型)，4.9% (甘蓝型)。苗期油菜叶CAT、POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量及根系活力可以作为筛选耐低锌营养油菜基因型的评价指标之一。 相似文献
8.
通过种间杂交可以获得丰富的变异类型,创造许多新的种质资源。通过对芥菜型油菜和白菜型油菜种间杂交后代群体进行分析,研究杂种后代遗传变异规律。芥白杂种后代群体以偏白菜型和中间型植株为主,其余为偏芥菜型和其它新类型植株。随着自交世代的增加,花粉育性逐渐恢复,在BC, F3代已经趋于稳定。杂种后代变异广泛,还出现黄籽、自交亲和材料,且都是可遗传的。BC, F、群体叶色变异显著,SPAD值在10.6 }75.0之间变动,还出现叶色以及花器官突变体。芥白种间杂种后代群体变异丰富,拓宽了白菜型油菜的遗传基础。 相似文献
9.
10.
<正>为开发新的油菜菌核病防治药剂,浙江大学农业与生物技术学院生物技术研究所选取7种乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS)潜在抑制剂(氯嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、氯磺隆、甲嘧磺隆、咪唑乙烟酸、灭草喹和磺胺噻唑)作为3类ALS酶抑制剂(磺酰脲类、咪唑啉酮类、磺胺噻唑类)的代表,对其防治油菜菌核病的性能进行了测试。结果显示,1.0mg/L灭草喹、磺胺噻唑、氯嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆和氯磺隆对核 相似文献
11.
Male sterile Brassica napus L. plants were found in breeding material which was used for the development of yellow-seeded oilseed rape. The genetic studies indicated that the male sterility was conditioned by the presence of maintamer genes in the nuclear backgrounds of two newly resynthesized B. napus lines, No7076 and No7406, in combination with a male sterility-inducing cytoplasm (S) which is frequently found in cultivated forms of B. napus. Test crosses with nap maintainer and restorer lines support the conclusion that the observed male sterility is of nap type. Furthermore, the Eco RI restriction pattern of mitochondrial DNA of the (S) cytoplasm was identical to that of the nap cytoplasm. Hence, we conclude that we have uncovered a new source of maintainer lines for the nap system which could potentially lead to the production of a better maintainer/restorer system for use in hybrid oilseed rape breeding programmes. However, more work is needed to reduce the glucosinolate content of the maintainer lines and to determine the factors controlling the phenotypic expression of the system. 相似文献
12.
油菜野芥NSa细胞质雄性不育系的特异性分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
常规细胞质类型鉴定方法花费时间长、工作量大、鉴定效率低、应用性较差。基于基因组重复序列的PCR技术(rep-PCR)在重复序列丰富的线粒体和原核生物的基因组鉴定中效果较好, 本研究对8份油菜资源的细胞质进行分子鉴定,结果表明rep-PCR可以明确区分甘蓝型油菜中常见的6种雄性不育细胞质。同时对甘蓝型油菜和野芥(Sinapis arvensis)体细胞杂交创建的、育性较为稳定的NSa野芥雄性不育胞质进行了分子特异性鉴定,获得了两条NSa不育胞质的特征DNA条带。但波里马和萝卜质不育细胞质的特异性引物在NSa中不能扩增出特异性片段,说明NSa不属于这两种细胞质类型。本研究结果为该不育胞质系统的利用和知识产权保护提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
13.
Yong-Hong Li Dian-Rong Li Wu-Sheng Liang Jian-Hua Tian Jian-Chang Li Hao Wang Mao-Teng Li Xu-Peng Guo Wen-Jie Chen Zhen-Lan Zhang Fei Mao Wei-Guo Zhao 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):255
Chemicals or agents that can induce plant male sterility are considered chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) and are quite useful for plant hybrid breeding. Tribenuron-methyl (TBM) can effectively induce male sterility in rapeseed plants. However, applications of TBM in rapeseed breeding practices have not been reported. Here, treatment with the CHA referred to as CHA-TBM, which contained 0.1–0.9 mg/L TBM, induced male sterility in all 22 tested rapeseed inbred lines. However, the highest induced male sterile rates in the tested rapeseed lines were only approximately 54–57% together with poisoned rates of approximately 36–39%, which were resulted from two treatments of CHA-TBM containing 0.5 mg/L TBM at an interval of 9 days beginning at the floral bud stage (FBS) of 2.0–3.5 mm. Such male sterile rates and poisoned rates caused by CHA-TBM indicated that TBM is not an ideal CHA for rapeseed hybrid breeding. The results of many screening experiments showed that forchlorfenuron can alleviate the toxic effects of TBM on rapeseed plants. Two treatments with the CHA referred to as CHA-TBM-FCF, which contained 0.6 mg/L TBM and 2.1 mg/L forchlorfenuron, at an interval of 9 days beginning at the FBS of 2.0–3.5 mm induced male sterility in approximately 96–98% of plants of all the 22 tested rapeseed inbred lines and poisoned only approximately 2–4% of the tested plants. The CHA-TBM-FCF treatment did not affect pistil fertility of the rapeseed plants, and had no carry-over influence on stamen fertility of the rapeseed hybrids produced with this CHA. Some rapeseed hybrids were successfully produced using CHA-TBM-FCF (e.g., Qinrong 1, Qinrong 2, Qinyou 19, Qinyou 33, Qinzayou 4 and Qinzayou 5). The hybridity values of the F1 seeds of the rapeseed hybrids produced using CHA-TBM-FCF were determined to be approximately 93–98% with the simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker techniques. Together, the results indicate that CHA-TBM-FCF containing TBM and forchlorfenuron at suitable concentrations is an ideal CHA for rapeseed hybrid breeding. 相似文献
14.
Studies were conducted to investigate the crossability of the cultivated Brassica species, Brassica napus (oilseed rape),
B. rapa (turnip rape), and B. juncea (brown and oriental mustard), with two related cruciferous weeds that are abundant in
certain regions of Canada, Erucastrum gallicum (dog mustard) and Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum (wild radish). Seed
was produced without recourse to embryo rescue from all reciprocal crosses except R. raphanistrum × B. juncea. Four hybrid
plants were recovered, namely B. napus × E. gallicum, B. napus × R. raphanistrum (two plants), and B. rapa × E. gallicum.
The hybrids were characterized by their morphology, RAPD analysis, and cytological examination. The B. rapa × E. gallicum
hybrid was extremely vigourous and fertile, and would likely grow in natural habitats. This hybrid produced self-seed and
backcrossed readily with the B. rapa parent and, to a lesser extent, with the E. gallicum parent. The B. napus × E. gallicum
hybrid was a weak plant, but produced fertile backcross progeny with the E. gallicum parent. The B. napus × R. raphanistrum
hybrids were vigourous but mostly sterile. Because of their low vigour and/or sterility, hybrids produced from crosses of
B. napus with the cruciferous weeds would not likely be an environmental concern. However, the potential of the B. napus ×
E. gallicum and B. rapa × E. gallicum hybrids to backcross with E. gallicum may be of concern.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质不育双低杂交种川油58的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高杂交种种子纯度,协调杂交种高产与优质、多抗矛盾,一直是油菜杂交育种的主攻方向。利用笔者研制的NEA胞质雄性不育（NCMS）材料及其恢复材料,通过测交、连续回交、连续自交、杂交,实现三系配套,再经过品质测试、育性鉴定、抗性鉴定和产量比较试验,选育出高产、优质、多抗、高纯度杂交种。川油58为甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质雄性不育高产双低三系杂交新品种,不育系JA1,保持系JB1,恢复系JR2。JA1花朵不育度、不育花朵率及群体不育株率均达100%,不育性稳定彻底,不受环境因素影响,异交结实高,完全不同于现有波里马胞质不育（Pol.CMS）类型。JR2恢复力强,花粉量充足,散粉性好。川油58制种程序简化,制种产量高,杂交种纯度易保证,杂交优势强,综合性状好,品质优,丰产性突出,产量高,含油量高,熟期适中,适应性广,抗（耐）病性强,在各级中间试验和生产试验中表现突出,2005年10月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质雄性不育材料及其恢复材料实现双低三系配套,不仅保证了杂交种种子纯度,而且在一定程度上协调了高产与优质、多抗的矛盾。 相似文献
16.
体细胞杂交在油菜细胞质雄性不育创建和改良中的应用 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
油菜细胞质雄性不育作为生产油菜杂交种的主要授粉控制系统得到广泛利用，但由于油菜种内自然发生的有利用价值的雄性不育细胞质类型不多，所以种属间转移现有不育细胞质及发掘新型不育细胞质意义重大。体细胞杂交不仅避开了有性杂交亲和障碍的限制，还可实现两个杂交亲本细胞质基因组的重组，是一种快速有效、应用广泛的转移和诱导雄性不育细胞质的手段。本文综述了利用原生质体杂交技术在油菜种内、种间和属间转移雄性不育细胞质以及通过细胞质基因组重组改良和创建新型雄性不育细胞质的研究进展，并讨论了利用体细胞杂交方法创建新型雄性不育细胞质的应用前景。 相似文献
17.
The commercial utilization of heterosis in seed yield by means of hybrid varieties is of great importance for increasing oilseed rape production in China. This requires a functional system for the production of hybrid seed. The Brassica napus oilseed rape line 9012AB is a recessive epistatic genic male sterility (GMS) two‐type line, in which the sterility is controlled by two pairs of recessive duplicate sterile genes (ms1 and ms2) interacting with one pair of a recessive epistatic inhibitor gene (rf). Homozygosity at the rf locus (rfrf) inhibits the expression of the recessive male sterility trait in homozygous ms1ms1ms2ms2 plants. This study was conducted to identify molecular markers for one of the male fertility/sterility loci in the B. napus male sterility line 9012AB. Sterile bulk (BS) and fertile bulk (BF) DNA samples prepared from male sterile and male fertile plants of the homozygous two‐type line 9012AB were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. A total of 256 primer combinations were used and seven markers tightly linked to one recessive genic male sterile gene (ms) were identified. Among them, six fragments co‐segregated with the target gene in the tested population, and the other one had a genetic distance of 4.3 cM. The markers identified in this study will greatly enhance the utilization of recessive GMS for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape in China. 相似文献
18.
Z. X. Fan W. X. Lei D. F. Hong J. P. He L. L. Wan Z. H. Xu P. W. Liu G. S. Yang 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(3):297-301
Over the past decade, the polima cytoplasmic male sterility ( pol CMS) three-line and two-line systems have been developed for the production of hybrid seed in Brassica napus oilseed rape in China. The discovery of the novel pol CMS restorer line FL-204 is described here. It restores male fertility of hybrid plants in the pol CMS system, but hybrid seed production can only be carried out under autumn sowing in Wuhan in south China under moderate temperatures at flowering. The restorer cannot be used as a male for hybrid seed production in northwestern China (Gansu) under spring sowing conditions, because there it is more or less male sterile due to high temperatures at flowering. Because of this behaviour, it is referred to as a fertility temperature-sensitive restorer (FTSR) in this paper. F2 , BC1 as well as double haploid populations were constructed to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration of FL-204 in the autumn at Wuhan and under spring sowing conditions at Gansu, respectively. Deviations from Mendelian genetics were observed. It was hypothesized that the change of fertility was the result of the interaction between nuclear genes [restoring gene ( Rf ) and temperature-sensitive genes ( ts )] and the cytoplasm. The Rf gene in FL-204 was incapable of restoring male fertility of pol CMS lines under spring sowing conditions at Gansu where it is inactivated by the recessive ts gene present in FL-204. However, the ts gene(s) could be non-functional under moderate temperature conditions at flowering at Wuhan which allows full expression of male fertility in FL-204. The recessive ts gene(s) can only be expressed in plants containing the pol sterile cytoplasm. A method for the utilization of the FTSR pol CMS restorer FL-204 for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape is proposed. 相似文献
19.
Resynthesis of Brassica napus L. for self-incompatibility: self-incompatibility reaction, inheritance and breeding potential 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M. H. Rahman 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(1):13-19
Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassica has been considered as a pollination control mechanism for commercial hybrid seed production, and so far has been extensively used in vegetable types of Brassicas. Oilseed rape Brassica napus (AACC) is naturally self-compatible in contrast to its parental species that are generally self-incompatible. Introduction of S-alleles from its parental species into oilseed rape is therefore needed to use this pollination control mechanism in commercial hybrid seed production. Self-incompatible lines of B. napus , carrying SI alleles in both A and C genomes, were resynthesized from self-incompatible B. oleracea var. italica (CC) cv.'Green Duke' and self-incompatible B. rapa ssp. oleifera (AA) cv. 'Horizon', 'Colt' and 'AC Parkland'. All resynthesized B. napus lines exhibited strong dominant SI phenotype. Reciprocal cross-compatibility was found between some of these self-incompatible lines. The inheritance of S-alleles in these resynthesized B. napus was digenic confirming that each of the parental genomes contributed one S-locus in the resynthesized B. napus lines. However, the presence of two S-loci in the two genomes was found not to be essential for imparting a strong SI phenotype. Possible use of these dominant self-incompatible resynthesized B. napus lines in hybrid breeding is discussed. 相似文献
20.
氨基酸合成抑制剂类除草剂诱导油菜雄性不育效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘蓝型油菜对以乙酰乳酸合酶为靶标的磺酰脲类等除草剂很敏感, 其中部分除草剂具有很强的化学杀雄作用。本文通过油菜抽薹期叶面喷施试验, 比较26种能够抑制氨基酸生物合成的除草剂及复配剂对甘蓝型油菜雄蕊育性的影响。结果显示除过双草醚、麦喜、胺苯磺隆外, 其余23种除草剂均对油菜具有不同程度杀雄作用。其中600 mg hm–2的咪唑乙烟酸、150mg hm–2的吡嘧磺隆、240 mg hm–2的烟嘧磺隆、200 mg hm–2的单嘧磺隆和120 mg hm–2的氯磺隆具有较高杀雄率, 但容易产生药害。而60~90 mg hm–2的酰嘧磺隆、苯磺隆及其复配剂对油菜杀雄率大于95%, 持续时间长, 对雌蕊结实性能影响较小, 且在20个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)上杀雄效果稳定, 可以作为油菜等植物的最佳化学杀雄剂活性成分。本试验证明可以从氨基酸合成抑制型除草剂中筛选化学杂交剂, 为进一步开发化学杀雄剂提供了参考。 相似文献