共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 402 毫秒
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集约化畜禽场的环境污染治理 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
源于集约化畜禽场的大量粪便及废水导致的环境污染问题已越来越受到人们的关注。鉴于此，介绍了处理粪污及臭气的各种优化方法，提出畜禽场的环境治理系统应综合考虑各种制约因素，向能源化、饲料化和肥料化方向发展。 相似文献
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我国集约化畜禽养殖场粪便处理利用现状及展望 总被引：105，自引：1，他引：105
针对我国集约化畜禽养殖场固体粪便污染日益严重的现状,通过广泛调研,综合介绍和评述了目前国内采用的畜禽粪便无害化处理,资源化利用的方法技术,在此基础上提出了有关改进建议和设桢,作者还特别对畜禽粪处理发展方向的生物技术和各种综合利用技术等提出了新见解。 相似文献
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河北省畜禽粪便负荷与警报分级 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近几年来,河北省畜牧业持续快速健康发展,由此产生的畜禽粪便量也与日剧增,而耕地面积呈减少趋势,在这种情况下,畜禽粪便是否过载,畜禽粪便对环境是否构成污染威胁成为亟待解决的问题。本文在畜禽粪便猪粪当量负荷的基础上,进一步对各市畜禽粪便负荷承受程度进行警报与分级。结果表明,河北省畜禽粪便猪粪当量负荷相差较大,经济水平较高的市,如石家庄和廊坊负荷严重,畜禽饲养过密,已经对环境构成了不同程度的威胁,尤其是石家庄,已经对环境构成了Ⅴ级威胁。鉴此,畜禽粪便的合理处理利用,已刻不容缓。 相似文献
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简要分析了我国畜禽粪便无害化资源化处理技术的现状及存在的问题，阐述了今后畜禽粪便处理技术的发展趋势，并提出了一种将环境效益与经济效益相结合、生物技术与工程技术相结合及有机无机相结合的畜禽粪便无害化资源化处理新工艺。 相似文献
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人工模拟降雨机具和方法的发展研究与展望 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
采用人工模拟降雨机具进行土壤侵蚀研究,是加快研究进程的一种好方法。本文比较系统地介绍了国内外人工模拟降雨机具和方法的产生与应用过程,指出了某些降雨装置的特性与适用性,并对人工模拟降雨机具和方法的发展,提出了有价值的改进意见。 相似文献
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Kallioniemi MK Raussi SM Rautiainen RH Kymäläinen HR 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2011,17(1):63-78
This article presents suggestions toward safer animal handling utilizing the results of a qualitative study of women dairy farmers in Finland. A major proportion of injuries (43%) occur in livestock-related work in Finnish agriculture. An even greater proportion of women's farm injuries (77%) is related to animals. We investigated the working conditions often women dairy farmers. Data were collected by observing farm work and performing semi-structured interviews. The study farms represented different milk production technologies with an average farm size of 106 ha (262 acres) of cultivated land, 51 ha (126 acres) of forest, and 45 dairy cows. Farm-related injuries were frequent; eight respondents out often had suffered one or several injuries during the previous two years. The women considered farm animals as the greatest hazard, and unexpected animal behavior was viewed as the most significant work-related injury risk. Dangerous situations often resulted from stress in cows caused by unpleasant circumstances or making animals fearful of people. Experiences from some farms suggested that dairy farm work can be relatively safe and that improving the trust between the cows and their handlers plays a key role in safety. We synthesized our findings into four animal handling strategies that can potentially reduce the risk of injury among stockpersons. We developed practical guidelines on how to gradually build a good cow-handler relationship based on our findings and the literature on cattle handling strategies and animal welfare science. 相似文献
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Isaacs SG Powers LA Lineberry GT Scharf T 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2008,14(3):261-271
Kentucky farmers and University of Kentucky extension agents applied the principles of the Work Crew Performance Model (WCPM), used previously in mining and construction, to identify and prioritize critical action factors (CAFs) for safe handling of cattle. One focus group of farmers helped identify a set of 32 critical action factors in four categories: environmental conditions, animal behavior, facilities and equipment, and handling techniques. A second focus group of farmers used a Q-sort nominal group process to rate each of the factors on the basis of the cost consequences of failure to properly perform the activity. A three-stage binary sort process resulted in a five-point ordinal ranking of tasks within each of the four categories. The Q-sort procedure was performed with assumptions of both routine and emergency animal handling activities. The list and the rankings were validated and modified by extension agriculture agents and by an expert panel of animal scientists and an agricultural engineering educator. The validation process added seven CAFs to the original list. The result of the process was the development of a cattle safety handling checklist that has been used with success in Master Cattleman educational workshops conducted for approximately 1500 Kentucky farmers. 相似文献
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本文介绍了国内外人工气候装置应用发展的概况,作用与效果、分类与特征以及问题的讨论。例举了若干实验结果,充分说明了人工气候装置发展的必要性,也是农业科学工作者最有力的研究手段。 相似文献
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实行畜牧业产业化是科学、持续、快速、高效发展畜牧业的最佳选择。为进一步加速推进产业化过程，目前应从几个方面突破：一是理顺产业化诸环节关系，建立起适应产业化发展的新机制，实行龙头企业与生产基地的一体化经营，发展集团化道路；二是发展规模经营，这是畜牧业市场化的必然选择；三是深化对畜牧业产业化的认识，政府及社会相关部门应立足畜牧业产业化的发展方向，不断完善社会化服务，确保产业化健康发展。 相似文献
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舍饲饲养是目前养猪业中广泛采用的一种工艺模式，虽然它具有占地少、便于饲养管理、可实现一定程度的环境调控等优点，但由于舍饲条件下环境相对贫瘠，猪只的福利较难得到保障。该文重点讨论了国内外生猪舍饲条件下相关因素与猪只福利之间的关系，分析了舍饲环境下因福利问题而带来的一些不利影响。根据目前国内外现有的研究结果，指出我国应加强舍饲条件下的猪只福利问题研究的必要性，并就改善舍饲条件下猪只福利的措施及相关配套设备进行了论述，为我国养猪业持续健康的发展、增强我国养猪业的国际竞争力提供了一些思路。 相似文献