共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
DNA-RAPDs detect genetic variation and paternity in Malus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary DNA amplification fingerprinting using arbitrary primer(s) was applied to the identification of Malus species. Highly variable DNA fragment patterns were clearly detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the amplified extension products, although three sports of Delicious exhibited the same fingerprint as the original cultivar. The fingerprinting of two triploid apple cultivars suggested that the parent contributing the 2n gamete was the female. We applied this fingerprinting to paternity analysis of an apple cultivar of which the pollen parent was unknown. By using 5 arbitrary primers and RFLP analysis of the amplified products, one cultivar was singled out for paternity among six putative candidates. 相似文献
2.
为了认识北沙参的花粉粒形态特征和生理特性,利用离体培养法测定花粉粒活性,并对培养条件(蔗糖的质量分数、硼酸的质量浓度和氯化钙的质量浓度)进行筛选,同时与碘-碘化钾(I2-KI)、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC法)和亚甲基蓝等花粉活性测定方法进行比较,建立测定北沙参花粉活性的最适宜方法,利用离体培养法进一步检测保存时间、温度和湿度等对北沙参花粉活性的影响,应用扫描电镜观察花粉粒的大小形态等特征。结果表明,亚甲基蓝法适于北沙参花粉粒活性测定,I2-KI法和TTC法不适合。北沙参体外萌发的最适培养基是20%蔗糖+0.1%mg·mL^-1硼酸+0.1%mg·mL^-1氯化钙,萌发率可达72.9%。北沙参花粉在湿度15%~52%,25℃条件下活性最好,4℃、-20℃的低温或大于60%的湿度都会导致花粉活性降低。北沙参花粉粒形态为超长方形,具3个狭长萌发沟,表面为网状。 相似文献
3.
以陆地棉品种苏棉22号的花粉为材料,研究棉花花粉粒脱外壁和检测花粉粒内部核DNA状态的方法。花粉粒经4%多聚甲醛固定后,通过10%次氯酸钠水溶液氧化、55℃热激30 min、压片等系列程序可将花粉粒的外壁完全脱去,分离出完整的脱外壁花粉粒。用DNA荧光染料DAPI分别对陆地棉花粉粒和脱外壁花粉粒进行染色,在荧光显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察花粉粒的内部核结构。没有脱外壁的花粉粒的内部核结构难以被观察到,而脱外壁花粉粒的核DNA结构清晰可见,内壁几乎无荧光。首次发现陆地棉的成熟花粉粒为三核花粉粒。 相似文献
4.
Summary Maize pollen quality was investigated after long-term storage both in a refrigerator and in liquid nitrogen by a combination of viability tests and cytochemical methods. Determination of the activities of a number of enzymes involved in important metabolic pathways was carried out. Quinone formation was also studied, as some products of secondary metabolism affect pollen grain viability. One year of pollen storage in liquid nitrogen had little effect on the activities of oxidoreductases and hydrolases and had no significant effect on pollen grain viability evaluated by acetocarmine, neutral red and acridine organe. Only the FCR test showed slightly decreased viability. After one and two years of storage in a refrigerator, pollen grain viability, tested using acetocarmine, neutral red and acridine orange, did not change substantially. Simultaneously the FCR test showed a considerable decrease in pollen grain viability. Long-term storage in a refrigerator resulted in the loss of cytochrome oxidase activity and rise of alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities as well as of quinone formation.Abbreviations ADH
Alcohol dehydrogenase
- DOPA
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
- FCR
Fluorochromatic reaction
- FDA
Fluorescein diacetate
- GDH
Glutamate dehydrogenase
- IDH
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
- NADI
reaction with -NAphthol and DImethyl-p-phenylenediamine hydrochloride
- 6-PGDH
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 相似文献
5.
A pollen selection study for drought tolerance using Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) as a selective agent was conducted in sorghum.
Ten genotypes of sorghum suitable for post rainy season were crossed to cytoplasmic male sterile line 104A and three genotypes
to 116A producing 13 hybrids. Two sets of 13 hybrids with and without pollen selection were produced. PEG at 36 per cent was
applied to stigma and stylar tissue one hour before pollination for pollen selection (selective fertilization) and no treatment
for control (nonselective fertilization). Hybrids thus produced through selective and non-selective fertilization were tested
in moisture stress environment during post rainy season. The hybrids obtained through selective fertilization produced significantly
higher mean grain yield compared to hybrids obtained through non-selective fertilization. The results indicate that selective
fertilization through in vivo pollen selection using PEG as selective agent was effective in improving moisture stress tolerance of the progeny in sorghum
genotypes studied. Further, the pollen selection also had influence on plant height, panicle length, panicle width, panicle
weight and grain mass. Thus,the pollen selection had a significant effect on grain yield through its components and developmentally
related traits. Pollen selection for osmoticstress tolerance in sorghum influences the growth and vigour of the plants resulting
in superior progeny in moisture stress environment. The analysis of individual crosses indicated that pollen genotype selection
was able to favour performance of the progeny. However, the pollen selection had positive effect in majority of the hybrids
and the study demonstrates the transmission of the selected trait from pollen generation to progeny.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
为实现苹果单品种建园,选育适宜专用授粉树,研究了‘道格’、‘绚丽’、‘红丽’、‘满洲里’、‘雪球’5 个观赏海棠品种的植物学、生物学性状、花粉特性及果实品质。结果表明,供试品种盛花期为4 月7—20日,和栽培品种花期相遇,‘道格’和‘满洲里’花期较早,盛花期分别为4月7日、4月9日,‘绚丽’和‘红丽’均为4月12日,‘雪球’为4月20日。供试品种花粉量大,‘道格’、‘满洲里’、‘红丽’、‘雪球’和‘绚丽’分别为13384、13162、7426、6074、6003粒/花药。单果重‘道格’最大(12.98 g),其次是‘雪球’(10.66 g)、‘绚丽’(2.59 g),‘红丽’和‘满洲里’较小（均为2.00 g）。果型指数与单果重趋势基本一致。种子数不尽相同,‘红丽’和‘雪球’为7 颗/果,‘满洲里’6 颗/果,‘道格’和‘绚丽’为4 颗/果。可溶性糖含量以‘道格’最高(18.49%),其次是‘满洲里’(16.33%)、‘雪球’(16.11%)、‘绚丽’(15.98%),‘红丽’较低为14.20%;可滴定酸‘红丽’最高为1.16%,‘绚丽’为0.99%、‘满洲里’为0.90%,‘道格’最低为0.80%。初步认为,供试品种适宜作为国内的苹果专用授粉树。 相似文献
7.
植物生长调节剂对‘秦冠’苹果花粉管生长和花粉萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸、赤霉素、2,4-D、6-BA5种植物生长调节剂对苹果花粉管生长和花粉萌发的影响。以贮藏6个月的‘秦冠’花粉为材料,配制不同浓度梯度植物生长调节剂的固体培养基培养花粉,研究不同浓度植物激素对花粉管生长和花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,当吲哚乙酸≤1 mg/L、萘乙酸≤1 mg/L、6-BA≤5 mg/L、赤霉素≤10 mg/L时对花粉萌发有轻微促进作用,当浓度增大时抑制作用较突出;2,4-D对花粉萌发存在明显抑制作用;当赤霉素、2,4-D、吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸、6-BA浓度分别达到50、30、30、15、25 mg/L时,花粉遭受浓度迫害出现畸形扭曲。吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸、赤霉素、2,4-D、6-BA对‘秦冠’花粉管生长和花粉萌发均无明显促进作用,并且随浓度增大抑制作用较明显,人工辅助授粉时用于添加剂效果不理想。 相似文献
8.
Thomas Björkman 《Euphytica》1995,83(1):47-52
Summary Flowers of cultivated buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) often receive natural pollen loads of fewer than 10 pollen grains. The cultivated varieties also have high genetic variability. These observations raise the question of whether seed production in buckwheat is often limited by pollen delivery, and whether small increases in pollen load could result in gametophytic selection through pollen grain competition. In greenhouse-grown buckwheat plants, embryo sac penetration by pollen tubes was universal with 10 or more pollen grains. However, seed production increased with pollen load up to 30 grains per flower. Larger pollen loads, which intensify selection among gametophytes, resulted in more vigorous progeny. Seedlings produced from high pollen load (15–20 pollen grains) were larger (40% by weight) than those from low pollen load (5 pollen grains). These results are evidence that pollen grain competition can occur in buckwheat with benefits for progeny performance. 相似文献
9.
《Horticultural Plant Journal》2015,(1)
It is fundamental for gene transformation and ecosystem hazard evaluation to study the pollen characteristics of transgenic plants. In this research,the characteristics of pollen from 7-or 8-year-old transgenic apple plants carrying an exogenous Cp TI gene were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in terms of size,morphology,or exine ornamentation between the pollen of the transgenic plants and the non-transgenic control. However,the transgenic plants had more abnormal pollen grains. Of the 13 transgenic lines tested,12 had a significantly lower amount of pollen and six exhibited a significantly lower germination rate when cultured in vitro. The pollen viability of three transgenic lines was determined,with two showing significantly lower viability than the control. The transgenic Gala apple pollen grains germinated normally via controlled pollination on Fuji apple stigmas. However,the pollen tubes extended relatively slowly during the middle and late development stages,and another 8 h were needed to reach the ovules compared with the control. The gibberellic acid concentration in transgenic Gala apple flowers was lower than in the non-transgenic control during all development stages tested. The abscisic acid concentration in the transgenic flowers was lower during the pink stage,and higher during the ball and fully open stages. Microscopic observation of the anther structure showed no difference. The tapetum of the pollen sac wall in transgenic plants decomposed late and affected pollen grain development,which could be one of the reasons for the lower number of pollen grains and poor viability in the transgenic plants. 相似文献
10.
Seven sunflower genotypes comprising of populations and hybrids showing differential sporophytic reaction to Alternaria leaf
and stem blight were studied for their gametophytic reaction to pathogen culture filtrate. The sunflower pollen grains germinate
well in the liquid medium and give good pollen tube growth in the absence of the culture filtrate. The addition of increasing
concentrations of culture filtrate to medium significantly reduced the pollen germination and tube growth in all the genotypes.
The reduction in pollen germination and tube growth in vitro due to culture filtrate was more in highly susceptible genotypes
L-101 and Morden than the moderately resistant genotypes Acc. nos. 1229, 180 and ISFH-306. Pretreating the stigma and style
with the culture filtrate before pollination reduced the number of pollen grains germinating compared to untreated control
suggesting toxin stress can be created on the stigmatic surface before pollination. There was correspondence between pollen
germination on stressed stigma (in vitro) and sporophytic reaction of the genotype suggesting pollen grain having resistance
would germinate on the stressed stigma and fertilise the ovule achieving selective fertilisation. The correlation analysis
indicated that there is a negative relation between sporophytic per cent disease index value and gametophytic parameters such
as in vitro and in vivo pollen germination, culture filtrate required to inhibit 50% pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
The association between pollen and the sporophytic reaction to the disease indicate the possibility of rapid screening of
a large number of genotypes by means of pollen assay as an alternate technique with regard to sporophytic disease index in
sunflower. The study also indicate the possibility of pollen selection before fertilisation to achieve rapid improvement in
disease resistance.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Summary A quantitative examination of pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth within the overy wall was made in selected wheat × tetraploid H. bulbosum hybridizations, to investigate the effect of the wheat and the H. bulbosum genotype on these characters. As expected, variation at the known crossability loci had no effect on pollen grain germination. The frequency of pollen tube penetration of the ovary wall was, however, severely reduced when the dominant alleles were present. Pollen tube penetration was nevertheless observed in 3 of the 110 ovaries examined of the non-crossable cultivar Highbury. The H. bulbosum genotype had a much smaller effect on these characters, but significant differences between the clones were observed in the numbers of pollen tubes initially penetrating the ovary wall. Although two H. bulbosum genotypes showed no significant differences in the number of ovaries with pollen tubes at the base of the ovule, significant differences in the frequency of fertilization were observed. The possible cause of this discrepancy is discussed.The frequency of fertilization in crossable wheat × H. bulbosum hybridizations was improved by the application of gibberellic acid within 10 minutes of pollination, and reduced by an increase in the ambient temperature from 20°C to 26°C. Fertilization following the pollination of non-crossable wheat genotypes was not affected by either of these factors. 相似文献
12.
Summary Selection among microgametophytes usually exploits variation in pollen grain germination. Studies of variation in pollen grain size in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) suggested that selection for size might lead to changes in sporophytic traits. To determine whether microgametophytic selection based on size would affect pollen grain size in subsequent generations or sporophytic traits that were correlated with pollen grain size, pollen grains from three crosses were separated into two size categories by sieving and then used to pollinate cv. Diacol Calima. Selection resulted in changes in pollen grain diameter for pollen from F1, F2 and F3 plants for all crosses. In vitro germination indicated no differences between vigor of large and small grains, but extraction and sieving reduced germinability. F1 seed from two of the crosses with size-selected pollen varied in weight according to pollen grain size, but in subsequent generations, the effect disappeared. Both size categories of selected pollen resulted in F2 progeny with reduced numbers of seeds per pod as compared to controls, suggesting that the size selection process may have resulted in indirect selection for traits reducing seed set. The overall results suggested that genes determining pollen grain size in bean have little or no effect on sporophytic traits such as seed size and seed yield. 相似文献
13.
Optimum in vitro germination of pollen grain of the avocado cultivars Fuerte, Nabal, Ettinger, Bacon and Zutano occurred at
25 °C. However, there were significant differences between cultivars in percentage germination and relative humidity (RH)
requirements for optimum pollen grain growth. The most sensitive cultivar to relative humidity was Fuerte, in which the germination
of pollen grain rose from 11.4%, at 40% RH, to about 50%, after one hour at 100% RH. The germination% of Nabal pollen grain
was already high at 40% RH and was not increased by higher relative humidity. Increased relative humidity also helped to sustain
the viability of avocado pollen. At 30 °C and 5% RH the pollen grains of Fuerte quickly lost its ability to germinate, at
40% RH for 1 hour, germination was reduced spectacularly compared to pollen kept in saturated with moisture environment where
it was not affected the first 24 hours. The effects of temperature and relative humidity on fruit-set and yield of avocado
are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
为了了解美国梾木花粉活力及萌发特性,采用扫描电镜技术对13个美国梾木无性系花粉形态进行观测与方差分析,并采用荧光显微技术和TTC染色法对无性系2号花粉萌发特性及花粉活力进行观察。结果显示:(1)不同无性系间花粉大小差异不显著,但外壁纹饰差异较大,极面沟距的变异系数最高且遗传最为稳定。(2)花序开花率为75%时花粉活力最高,整花4℃条件下短期保存花粉活力较高。(3)授粉后,多数花粉可在柱头上正常萌发,72 h后花粉管即可进入子房。研究认为,花粉外壁及极面沟距可作为鉴定美国梾木无性系的形态指标,美国梾木花粉活力及萌发特性是抗逆及丰产杂交组合的重要保证。 相似文献
15.
Summary Six pear and five apple trials were carried out to ascertain the outcome of combinations of compatible pollen (C) with self (S) or incongruous pollen (I) as to the pollination index (PI=seeds/pollinated flower). The PI of the mixture C+I (1:5) was consistently depressed as compared to that of the control C. The results of the double pollinations S/C and I/C were affected by the temperature at pollination; their PI's at <15°C were twice as high as those at >15°C, being well above and below the PI of C in the former and latter case respectively. The opposite was true for the C/S combination, the PI of which increased with the pollination temperature; the PI of C/I did not differ much from the PI of C, irrespective of temperature. The conclusion was reached that the interaction previously and presently found between compatible and self-incompatible pollen also exists to a fair extent between compatible and incongruous pollen. However, in pear neither the mentor nor the pioneer pollen technique proved to aid its hybridization with apple, the formation of self seed was not observed either. In apple the production of apple × pear hybrids was likewise doubtful, but the double pollinations S/C and C/S formed 4–10% self seed. 相似文献
16.
T. Visser 《Euphytica》1981,30(2):363-369
Summary It was attempted to overcome self-incompatibility in apple and pear and incongruity between these species with the aid of compatible mentor or pioneer pollen. The mentor pollen was applied in a mixture (1:1) with the incompatible/incongruous pollen and the pioneer pollen was applied one day in advance of the other pollination. Two trials in 1976 with dead methanol-treated mentor pollen on apple were moderately successful, probably because of the hot spring weather. In the apple and pear trials of 1979 neither the methanol-treated nor the viable irradiated (100 krad) mentor or pioneer pollen significantly improved the seed set by self pollen or that after intercrossing. Competition and early embryo abortion after selfing or intercrossing probably contributed to the lack of success of these methods. The viable irradiated pollen induced a rather high parthenocarpic fruit set, whether applied on its own or mixed with or in advance of the incompatible pollen; the inviable methanol-treated pollen had no such stimulating influence. 相似文献
17.
Pollen and pistil morphology, in vitro pollen grain germination and crossing success of Lens cultivars and species 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Morphological and in vitro germination characteristics of pollen altogether with pistil and style length were analysed, so as to carry out a morphological comparison between different lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars and wild species, as well as to correlate the morphological and functional statistics with data regarding crossing success. Pollen length and width in the different genotypes were found to have a positive and highly significant correlation with pistil and style length and in vitro pollen tube length. A cluster analysis detected two different plant groups, namely, (i) large‐seeded L. culinaris (macrosperma), and (ii) a second group formed by two subgroups, a first subgroup with L. ervoides standing alone and a second subgroup including small‐seeded L. culinaris (microsperma) and the wild L. culinaris ssp. orientalis, L. odemensis, L. nigricans. A high and significant correlation was detected between crossing success and phenotypic similarity (r > 0.98; P < 0.05), therefore implying that phenotypic similarity, based on pollen morphology and in vitro pollen length together with pistil and style length, is a good predictor of hybridization success. 相似文献
18.
Effects of high temperatures on mature pollen grains in wild and cultivated maize accessions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The effects of high temperature on mature pollen of various maize lines were investigated. Genotypic differences in pollen reaction to high temperature were revealed. Pollen grains resistant to high temperature (35°C, 26°C) were characterized by higher germination capacity and better ability to develop normal pollen tubes. The studies are of interest to evaluate reproductive system tolerance and conduct gamete selection at the mature pollen grain stage in maize. 相似文献
19.
20.
Summary The production of self-seed was investigated in apple and pear with the aid of viable and compatible mentor/ pioneer pollen in relation to the proportion of self-imcompatible pollen present in the pollen cloud.Treatments consisted of mixtures of compatible and self-incompatible pollen at ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:9 applied once or twice or followed by self-pollination. Selfing only, whether once or twice, produced virtually no fruits or seeds, while mixed pollinations did. Generally, fruit set tended to decrease and the self-seed to increase with increasing amounts of self pollen in the pollinations.The pioncer-pollen method (compatible in advance of self pollen) appeared more effective than the mentor pollen method (compatible and self pollen mixed). The use of viable instead of dead mentor/pioneer pollen causes competition for the ovules with the self pollen, but has the advantage that, in addition to some self-seed, other seeds are formed which, e.g. in apple, are necessary to keep the fruits on the tree until harvest.Fruit set was moderately reduced at ratios of compatible pollen to self pollen not exceeding 1:9 with pear and 1:5 with apple which constitute maximal ratios in practice as regards pollinator trees: trees of the main cultivar. In fruit orchards and probably in nature with other species, the interaction between compatible and self pollen may result in more self-seed, and so suggests that inbreeding played a greater part in the evolution of self-incompatible species, than the meager results of articial self-pollination imply. 相似文献