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1.
In 1982, an anamorphic fungus in the genus Monilia was first isolated as the causal agent of brown rot disease of Japanese apricot or mume (Prunus mume) in Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Inoculation of flowers, shoots, and fruit of P. mume with the fungus reproduced brown rot disease symptoms similar to those found in nature. The fungus somewhat resembled the colony appearance of Monilinia (anamorph Monilia) laxa, the apricot brown rot fungus, on PSA plates, but it differed from the latter and the other two brown rot fungi, M. fructigena and M. fructicola, in terms of growth rate, temperature optima for mycelial growth and sporulation, morphology and germination pattern of conidia, nuclear number in the conidium, and nucleotide sequences in the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. It is newly described as Monilia mumecola Y. Harada, Y. Sasaki & T. Sano. A key to anamorphic states of four brown rot fungi of fruit trees is provided.  相似文献   

2.
Leaf blight disease was found on Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae), an endangered, herbaceous, perennial, climbing lily that produces colchicine, in West Bengal, India in 2004. Small brownish spots on leaves developed into concentric rings, which eventually darkened and coalesced to blight the entire leaf. The causal fungus was morphologically identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. This is the first record of A. alternata on G. superba.  相似文献   

3.
Severe cottony leak was found on stems of scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) in Ibaraki Prefecture in August 2006. The causal fungus was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum. The name cottony leak of scarlet runner bean (Watagusare-byo in Japanese) is proposed for this new disease.  相似文献   

4.
A new disease of chrysanthemum causing ray speck was found in Okinoerabu island, Kagoshima, Japan in March 2006. Small reddish-brown lesions were observed on the ray florets of the chrysanthemum (cv. Anastasia). The causal fungus was exclusively isolated from the lesions, and typical symptoms were reproduced after inoculation with the isolate. The causal fungus was identified as Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) Yamamoto based on morphology and the sequences of rDNA-ITS and the gpd gene regions. The name, “sho-hanten-byo”, in Japanese is proposed for this ray speck disease.  相似文献   

5.
Leaf spots were found on Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, in October 2006. The morphology of the causal fungus was very close to that of Colletotrichum truncatum. Classifying the species from the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA was inconclusive, and the isolates were identified only as Colletotrichum sp. Artificial inoculation confirmed the pathogenicity of isolates to the host plant and some legumes. We propose the name anthracnose of Christmas rose for this disease by Colletotrichum sp.  相似文献   

6.
Many fusiform ascospores observed on soybean seeds with yeast spot disease symptoms differed significantly from those of Eremothecium coryli, the known causal agent of yeast spot disease in soybean. On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics and sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer regions including the 5.8S rDNA and D1/D2 regions of 26S rDNA, this fungus was identified as E. ashbyi. Pathogenicity of E. ashbyi was confirmed by reinoculation test. This report is the report on E. ashbyi causing soybean yeast spot disease. In addition, this study showed that E. ashbyi was transmitted by the stink bug, Riptortus clavatus, as was E. coryli, the two Eremothecium yeasts may have been acquired when the stink bug fed on infected soybeans and overwintered in this insect species. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GeneBank/EMBL/DDBJ database as accessions AB294407 to AB294412 for E. ashbyi EA1, EA7 and EA11.  相似文献   

7.
A severe rot was found on the stems and roots of scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) in Ibaraki Prefecture (Japan) in August 2004. The causal fungus was identified as Pythium myriotylum. We propose the name of stem and root rot of scarlet runner bean (“Kuki-negusare-byo” in Japanese) for this new disease.  相似文献   

8.
Severe rot was found at the base of leaves and stems of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) in Ibaraki Prefecture every year in early September from 2002 through 2004. The causal fungus was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzpatrick. This is the first report of P. aphanidermatum on Chinese cabbage. A similar disease of Chinese cabbage caused by P. ultimum Trow var. ultimum is known as Pythium rot. We propose adding P. aphanidermatum as a new pathogen of this disease.  相似文献   

9.
On the basis of mycelial compatibility, the population structure of Valsa ceratosperma, the causal fungus of Valsa canker on broadleaf trees, was investigated in apple and pear orchards in Japan. Field strains of V. ceratosperma from a single canker on trunks or scaffold limbs belonged to different mycelial compatibility groups. Thus, the population structure of this fungus was complex in most orchards. Because mycelia of strains originating from different conidia from the same pycnidium were compatible, infection by this fungus is thought to be ascospores.  相似文献   

10.
Plantainlily rust fungus, Puccinia funkiae, was proven to host-alternate between Hosta species (plantainlilies) and a patrinia, Patrinia villosa. Unlike Puccinia hemerocallidis (daylily rust fungus), P. funkiae was not pathogenic on Patrinia scabiosaefolia or on Hemerocallis species (daylilies). The urediniospores were also larger and thicker-walled than those of the daylily rust fungus. The two or three urediniospore germ pores of the plantainlily rust fungus were equatorially distributed, whereas there were several germ pores in P. hemerocallidis spores, and they were scattered over the wall. Thus, P. funkiae is biologically and taxonomically distinct from P. hemerocallidis.  相似文献   

11.
In 2002, rotted flower clusters and blighted shoot tips and leaves were observed on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei Reade) plants in Chiba, Japan. The causal fungus isolated from the diseased plants was morphologically identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary. The fungus reproduced natural symptoms after inoculation, then reisolated from the symptomatic parts. This is the first report of blueberry sclerotinia rot caused by S. sclerotiorum. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB269903#(020501) and AB233346 (020505).  相似文献   

12.
A twig canker disease of Japanese persimmon with characteristic coral spots was found in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. The causal fungus was identified as Nectria cinnabarina, which causes coral spot disease on many host plants. This is the first report of the disease caused by N. cinnabarina on Japanese persimmon in Japan.  相似文献   

13.
A Colletotrichum sp. was isolated from water-soaked lesions on sansevieria (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain cv. Laurentii) in Japan. Classifying the species only from the morphology of the fungus was difficult; therefore, host range was tested and the ribosomal DNA ITS2 region was phylogenetically analyzed. The fungus was pathogenic only on sansevieria among 20 test plants belonging to 11 families. In a phylogenetic analysis with the neighbor-joining method, the two isolates used formed a single-isolate clade. The fungus is thus proposed to be a new species, Colletotrichum sansevieriae. This report is the first of anthracnose on sansevieria.  相似文献   

14.
Anthracnose disease was found on centipede grass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] planted as a ground cover on paddy field levees in Shiga Prefecture in 2004. The symptoms were ear blight, stalk blight, and leaf spots. The causal fungus was morphologically identified as Colletotrichum caudatum (Sacc.) Peck. This is the first report of centipede grass anthracnose caused by C. caudatum.  相似文献   

15.
Brown leaf spot disease caused by Cylindrocladium was found on Howea belmoreana on Hachijojima Island, Tokyo, Japan, in December 2001. Typical symptoms were incited after artificial inoculation. A culture of white mycelia, isolated from leaf spot symptoms, produced reddish perithecia of a nectriaceous fungus. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, this fungus was identified as Calonectria ilicicola (anamorph: Cylindrocladium parasiticum). Pathogenicity of this fungus on five plants cultivated on Hachijojima Island was confirmed by artificial inoculation. This report is the first on Cylindrocladium brown leaf spot of H. belmoreana caused by C. ilicicola (anamorph: Cy. parasiticum).  相似文献   

16.
In October 2001, a disease of rocket larkspur (Cosolida ambigua (L.) P. W. Ball et Heyw), characterized by witches’ broom, yellows and virescence of flowers, was found in Yakage Town in Okayama Prefecture. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of phytoplasma-like bodies in the phloem of diseased plants. The causal phytoplasma was identified as “Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and demonstrated to be acquired by the leafhopper Macrosteles striifrons. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession number AB258330.  相似文献   

17.
Gummy stem blight of balsam pear found in the Kanto district and in the Hokkaido Prefecture was demonstrated to be caused by Didymella bryoniae (Auerswald) Rehm based on inoculation experiments, molecular analysis, and morphological identification of the pathogenic fungus. This fungus was also pathogenic to related plants belonging to Cucurbitaceae. The imperfect stage of the fungus was identified as Phoma cucurbitacearum (Fr.: Fr.) Sacc. based on morphological similarities.  相似文献   

18.
Several applications of the suppressive fungus MKP5111B, isolated from the phylloplane of rice plants, were tested in an effort to control rice blast disease. Three treatments with MKP5111B [living (Std), killed with liquid nitrogen (FR), and autoclaved (AC)] were either sprayed onto rice seedlings or mixed into seed-sown soil. Three weeks after spraying and 4 weeks after the soil application, we introduced Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, into our systems. The Std and FR treatments suppressed rice blast, but the AC treatment proved ineffective. Although a suppressive effect was seen on new leaves, no mycelium of MKP5111B was seen. The fungus thus may have induced a systemic resistance in the rice plants. A substance from MKP5111B, such as elicitor molecule(s) are likely responsible for the induced resistance.  相似文献   

19.
Strawberry pear (pitahaya, pitaya) [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. and Rose] postharvest fruit rot was found at an agricultural products store in Itoman city, Okinawa Prefecture in 2006. The symptoms included depressed, water-soaked lesions with olive to black powdery spots coalescing into a soft rot. The causal fungus was identified as Bipolaris cactivora (Petrak) Alcorn. This is the first report of strawberry pear fruit rot caused by B. cactivora.  相似文献   

20.
The mode of action of the fungicide metalaxyl againstPlasmopara halstedii, the causal agent of sunflower downy mildew, was studied following its application before, during and after artificial contamination of seedlings. The development of the fungus within the treated seedlings was examined microscopically and compared to that occuring in untreated genetically susceptible or resistant genotypes. Hypersensitive-like reactions and necrotic zones leading to the inhibition of fungus growth within the hypocotyl were observed for the three modes of application. This suggests that sunflower defence mechanisms activated by genetical resistance are also involved in the control of downy mildew by metalaxyl.  相似文献   

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