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1.
持续施用生物有机肥对花生产量和根际细菌群落的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国红壤旱地花生连作现象普遍，化肥施用量大，花生产量却逐年降低。为了揭示集约化经营制度下施用生物有机肥对花生连作障碍的调控，采集旱地红壤进行了连续5年的盆栽实验，实验处理包括花生-玉米轮作、施用化肥的花生连作和施用生物有机肥的花生连作，探究持续施用生物有机肥防控花生连作障碍的根际微生态机制。结果显示，相比于轮作，施用化肥的连作花生产量显著降低；相比于连作花生施用化肥，持续施用生物有机肥可以显著缓解连作花生产量降低的问题，在施用有机肥第5季荚果干重提高27%。与施用化肥的连作处理相比，持续施用生物有机肥显著增加了花生根际细菌多样性和丰富度，与轮作花生处理无显著差异。持续施用生物有机肥显著提高了连作花生根际变形菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度，降低了厚壁菌门的相对丰度。属水平上，花生根际促生菌Rhizobium，Mesorhizobium和Bradyrhizobium的相对丰度较化肥处理分别提高了295%、89%和40%，而Leifsonia和Burkholderia的相对丰度分别降低了67%和47%。冗余分析进一步发现，土壤有机质和pH值是根际细菌群落结构改善的重要理化因素。这表明持续施用生物有机肥可以改良红壤理化环境（如pH值和有机质含量），进而优化连作花生根际细菌群落结构并提高根际抗病性能，实现花生稳定增产的目标。 相似文献
2.
不同钾肥对再生水灌溉条件下土壤-作物系统Cd的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探明再生水灌溉条件下不同施钾肥处理对土壤-作物系统Cd的影响及差异性,通过田间微区试验研究了不同施钾肥处理对再生水灌溉番茄植株、果实以及根际土与非根际土Cd含量的影响。结果表明:再生水灌溉条件下,施钾肥处理可提高番茄果实产量,施加KCl较K2SO4增产效果明显,分别较不施肥处理可增产6.10%～24.00%和1.36%～13.16%;不施钾肥较不施肥处理番茄果实Cd含量降低,但降低幅度小于施加钾肥处理,施加KCl较K2SO4处理番茄果实Cd含量较低,Cd含量分别较不施钾肥处理分别减少58.33%和8.33%,且各处理均未超0.05mg/kg的限值标准;不施钾肥处理较不施肥处理土壤pH、Cd含量有所降低,降低幅度小于施钾肥处理,有效态Cd有所增加,施加KCl和K2SO4较不施肥处理有效态Cd降低,施加KCl和K2SO4较不施钾肥处理根际土和非根际土pH、Cd含量和有效态Cd含量均有所降低,其中施加KCl根际土和非根际土Cd含量分别降低2.96%～3.11%和5.75%～14.22%,施加K2SO4分别降低4.14%～5.90%和8.10%～8.29%;施加KCl根际土和非根际土有效态Cd含量分别降低10.75%～16.19%和13.98%～28.74%,施加K2SO4分别降低15.97%～20.55%和19.91%～24.70%。因此,再生水灌溉条件下,可通过选择施加适宜的钾肥种类,调控重金属Cd在土壤-作物系统的分布及其生物有效性,施加K2SO4较KCl相比,可一定程度降低土壤Cd全量及有效态Cd含量。 相似文献
3.
不同基质生物有机肥防控番茄土传青枯病及促生效果研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
本文旨在研究功能菌株解淀粉芽孢杆菌配合不同原料的有机肥，制备不同生物有机肥对番茄防控土传青枯病以及促生的效果研究，并考察不同生物有机肥对土壤养分及根际细菌群落的影响，获得能够有效防控番茄青枯病的生物有机肥。本研究以解淀粉芽孢杆菌T-5为功能菌株，分别配合秸秆有机肥及鸡粪有机肥，经二次发酵分别制得秸秆生物有机肥（BIO1）和鸡粪生物有机肥（BIO2）。于江苏省南京市一处青枯病多发的番茄大棚进行试验。考察不同施肥处理下番茄的发病情况、生长情况以及土壤理化性质，并利用高通量测序探究根际细菌群落的变化。两种生物有机肥均能显著降低番茄土传青枯病的发病率，且BIO1处理的防控效果最佳，使发病率降低了94.45%。两种生物有机肥均能显著促进番茄生长，增加了番茄地上部的生物量并提高了产量，但对于番茄果实品质并无显著提升。此外，施用BIO1可显著增加土壤有机质含量，BIO2则显著提高了土壤pH。土壤有机质与番茄的发病率呈负相关，与番茄地上部生物量和产量呈显著正相关关系。基于高通量测序结果，发现生物有机肥可显著提高根际细菌多样性，同时改变了细菌群落结构。防控效果最好的BIO1处理中，变形菌门相对丰度最高，放线菌门相对丰度最低，土壤硝态氮和pH与这两个门水平的细菌类群具有显著相关性。以解淀粉芽孢杆菌为功能菌株、秸秆为原料制备的秸秆生物有机肥可有效防控番茄土传青枯病，效果优于鸡粪生物有机肥。该生物有机肥还可显著促进番茄生长及产量提升，并通过调控根际细菌群落中变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度，提高土壤抑病能力，减少土传青枯病的发生。 相似文献
4.
负压灌溉提高紫叶生菜的水分利用效率和根际微生物多样性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】针对目前设施农业中常用的灌溉方式容易造成土表水分蒸发和水肥流失,且不能按照作物所需自动供水供肥的现状,本研究探讨了负压灌溉提高紫叶生菜的产量和品质,以及水分利用效率和土壤微生物群落多样性的机理。【方法】在温室内进行盆栽试验,以紫叶生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)为试验材料,设置3个灌溉处理:常规灌溉、滴灌和负压灌溉。收获后,测定了紫叶生菜的产量,分析了品质(维生素C、可溶性糖、花青素和硝酸盐含量),植株的养分(氮、磷和钾)浓度和吸收量,监测了土壤水分含量动态的变化,计算了水分消耗量和水分利用效率,分析了根际土壤微生物的多样性指数和细菌在门分类上的群落结构组成。【结果】负压灌溉下显著提高紫叶生菜的产量和品质,负压灌溉比常规和滴灌处理的产量分别显著提高了68.1%和29.0%,也提高了维生素C、可溶性糖和花青素的含量,减少了硝酸盐含量。与常规灌溉相比负压灌溉显著提高了紫叶生菜氮、磷、钾的浓度和含量,分别提高13.0%、14.4%、38.4%和90.2%、92.6%、135.5%。紫叶生菜在负压灌溉下耗水量最少,为9900 cm3,比常规和滴灌处理分别减少了23.8%和23.8%;负压下水分利用效率比常规和滴灌分别显著提高了122.2%和70.5%。同时负压灌溉处理下动态的土壤含水量处于10.3%~11.3%之间,变异范围低于常规和滴灌处理9.2%~11.6%。通过高通量测序紫叶生菜根际土壤微生物群落发现,负压灌溉处理下微生物多样性指数最高,表现为OTU、Chao1和Shannon指标的数值显著高于常规和滴灌处理,其数值分别为1808、2437和8.48,分别比常规灌溉处理显著提高了15.2%、15.7%和3.16%。同时也改变了细菌在门分类水平上组成的相对丰度,在负压灌溉处理下比常规和滴灌处理分别提高了放线菌门(Actinobacteria),绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)在细菌门分类上的相对丰度。【结论】本试验证明了负压灌溉系统通过土壤水肥平稳供应机制,实现了紫叶生菜高产优质且高效利用水分的目标。因此,负压灌溉系统相比常规和滴灌,显著提高了紫叶生菜的产量和品质、水分利用效率和根际微生物群落的多样性,为设施农业的可持续性发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
嫁接与施肥对番茄产量及氮、磷、钾吸收利用效率的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为探讨嫁接对番茄产量及养分吸收利用特性的影响,本文采用裂区试验设计方法,研究了栽培方式及施肥处理与番茄产量,氮、磷、钾吸收及养分利用效率的关系。结果表明,嫁接番茄较自根番茄产量提高30.76%,氮（N）、磷（P2O）、钾（K2O）吸收量分别增加27.88%、28.21%和24.23%,氮、磷、钾利用效率分别提高25.67%、20.41%和20.97%。氮、磷、钾配施较单施可显著提高番茄产量,促进养分吸收,提高肥料利用效率,其中氮磷钾配施较氮、磷、钾单施番茄产量分别提高42.52%、68.62%、50.10%,氮、磷、钾利用效率分别提高103.16%、181.58%和93.71%。嫁接栽培及增施肥料还可显著增强土壤氮、磷、钾供应能力。 相似文献
6.
为评估移栽定殖根际有益菌(PGPR)番茄苗对果实产量和青枯病防控效果的影响,通过连续3季田间试验,研究了基于生物有机肥的施用,移栽生物育苗基质(在普通育苗基质中添加分离自根际的解淀粉芽孢杆菌)所育种苗(BIONS),相比于移栽普通育苗基质所育种苗(BIO),对设施番茄产量、发病率、收获期植株土体与根际微生物数量和土壤基本理化性质的影响。连续3季田间试验结果表明:相比于BIO处理,BIONS处理第一、二、三季的增产幅度分别达38.86%、47.87%、34.60%,产量差异均达到显著性水平;BIONS处理的发病率每季均极显著低于BIO处理;BIONS处理增加了根际细菌数量,降低了根际真菌数量;土壤基本理化性质方面,BIONS处理的硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量每季均高于BIO处理,且硝态氮含量与产量呈显著正相关,硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量与发病率呈显著负相关。因此,以生物有机肥为底肥,移栽生物育苗基质所育种苗,能够有效防控番茄青枯病的发生,进而提高产量。 相似文献
7.
减量施肥对保护地土壤养分淋失及番茄产量的影响 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
田间试验研究了减量施肥对巢湖沿岸的保护地土壤养分淋失及番茄产量的影响。结果表明,习惯施肥用量高,氮、磷、钾施用量分别为番茄养分吸收量的6.41、11.01、3.31倍,导致土壤中一些中微量元素供应不足;减量施肥能提高番茄产量,而添加硫、硼、锌的改进减量施肥技术增产效果较好,分别比不施肥、习惯施肥、减量施肥增产20.0%、10.3%、8.9%。习惯施肥养分淋失明显,20—80 cm土层NO3--N和有效磷含量分别比对照高498.9、52.4 kg/hm2;改进减量施肥技术可使土壤NO3--N淋失量减少65.7%,有效磷并未向深层移动。因此,改进减量施肥技术是提高巢湖蔬菜生产基地的番茄产量,增加收入,减少氮、磷养分淋失,防止面源污染的平衡施肥技术。 相似文献
8.
LI Chunyu HU Weicong PAN Bin LIU Yan YUAN Saifei DING Yuanyuan LI Rong ZHENG Xinyan SHEN Biao SHEN Qirong 《土壤圈》2017,27(6):1135-1146
Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum seriously threats tomato growth in tropical and temperate regions around the world. This study reported an antagonistic bacterial strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SQRT3, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants, which strongly inhibited in vitro growth of pathogenic R. solanacearum. The suppression of tomato bacterial wilt by strain SQRT3 was demonstrated under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, induced systemic resistance (ISR) in tomato as one of the potential disease suppression mechanisms was investigated in the plants inoculated with the isolated bacterial strain SQRT3. The results showed that strain SQRT3 applied with R. solanacearum by drenching significantly reduced tomato bacterial wilt by 68.1% biocontrol efficiency (BE) and suppressed the R. solanacearum populations in the rhizosphere soil compared to the control only drenched with R. solanacearum. The BE of the isolated bacterial strain SQRT3 against tomato wilt increased to 84.1% by root-dipping. Tomato plants treated with both strain SQRT3 and R. solanacearum showed increases in activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase compared with other treatments. The application of strain SQRT3 reduced membrane lipid peroxidation in tomato leaves. The expressions of marker genes for jasmonic acid-and salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathways were faster and stronger in tomato plants treated with both strain SQRT3 and R. solanacearum than in plants treated with either R. solanacearum or strain SQRT3 alone. Collectively, the findings indicated that strain SQRT3 can effectively control tomato wilt. 相似文献
9.
In a newly cultivated sandy soil, sugar beet haulms composted by highly effective cellulose-decomposing microorganisms (Trichoderma viride NRC6 or Streptomyces aureofaciens NRC22) were evaluated as organic manure for tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Supermarmment). The treatments were as follows: (1) control with NPK, (2) farmyard manure (FYM), (3) uninoculated
compost, (4) compost inoculated with Glomus sp. NRC212, (5) compost produced by T. viride NRC6, (6) compost produced by S. aureofaciens NRC22. The organic amendments differed in their effects on total microbial counts in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. However,
the amendment of soil with compost produced by highly effective cellulose-decomposing microorganisms or compost inoculated
with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi decreased the proliferation of the total bacteria in the rhizosphere of tomato plants
compared with FYM or compost. The application of compost produced by T. viride NRC6 or S. aureofaciens NRC22 enriched the rhizosphere with fungi or Streptomyces more than the other manure treatments. FYM and compost enhanced both spore production and the percentage of mycorrhizal root
infection of tomato plants as compared with the NPK treatment, while compost produced by T. viride NRC6 or S. aureofaciens NRC22 reduced both the mycorrhizal spore numbers and the percentage of mycorrhizal root infection as compared with the NPK
treatment. However, the application of FYM or compost reduced the incidence of root rot by 8% and 32%, respectively, as compared
with the NPK treatment. The use of T. viride NRC6 or S. aureofaciens NRC22 as cellulolytic microorganisms and AM fungi as inocula in the applied compost increased plant protection by 80%, 75%,
and 73%, as compared with the NPK treatment, respectively. No significant differences in plant dry weight, N, P content and
tomato yield were obtained between FYM and the mineral fertilizer treatment. However, different types of compost induced a
significant increase in plant dry matter, N and P uptake and fruit yield relative to the FYM and mineral fertilizer treatments.
Received: 17 February 1999 相似文献
10.
太原城郊老菜区番茄氮肥利用率及氮去向研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了加强太原城郊老菜区蔬菜生产中氮素管理和降低蔬菜生产对环境的污染,在田间采用微区15N示踪法研究了番茄生产过程中农民习惯施氮(FAR)和推荐施氮(RAR)的氮肥利用效率和氮去向。结果表明:与习惯施氮比较,推荐施氮对番茄各部位干物质量、氮浓度和产量均无显著影响,且明显降低了番茄地上部吸收化学肥料氮的百分率,但对各部位氮肥利用效率和总氮肥利用效率无显著影响,氮肥利用效率仅为8%～9%,这可能与土壤原来氮库或所施有机肥矿化提供了大量氮素有关。两种施肥处理均导致65%左右的氮素损失,其中习惯施氮和推荐施氮分别导致30%和26%的氮素淋洗到40cm以下土层,为此有必要种植蔬菜后利用深根系粮食作物吸收土壤下层氮素来降低蔬菜生产对环境的影响。 相似文献
11.
生物有机肥对田间蔬菜根际土壤中病原菌和功能菌组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用实时荧光定量PCR方法对田间条件下连作番茄和辣椒施用生物有机肥(BOF)和常规施肥(CK)的根际土壤微生物中青枯病原菌和功能菌群(固氮菌和荧光假单胞菌)的数量进行定量研究.结果表明:与CK相比,BOF处理的番茄和辣椒产量分别提高了26.0％和19.9％,青枯病发病率分别降低了41.5％和44.7％,番茄和辣椒植株根际土壤固氮菌数量分别增加了23.5％和25.8％、荧光假单胞菌数量分别增加了29.5％和20.2％、病原菌数量分别减少了73.2％和90.1％.生物有机肥能够调控根际微生物区系的组成,降低土传病害的发病率,促进作物健康生长;实时荧光定量PCR方法能够快速准确地检测根际土壤中功能微生物种群数量变化. 相似文献
12.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa LES4, an isolate of tomato rhizosphere was found to be positive for several plant growth-promoting attributes like production of indole acetic acid, HCN and siderophore, solubilization of inorganic phosphate along with urease, chitinase and β-1-3-glucanase activity. In addition, it showed strong antagonistic effect against Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. P. aeruginosa LES4 caused halo cell formation and other morphological deformities in mycelia of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum. Root colonization was studied with Tn5 induced streptomycin resistant transconjugants of spontaneous tetracycline-resistant LES4 (designated LES4tetra+strep+) after different durations. The strain was significantly rhizospheric competent, as 17.4% increase in its population was recorded in sesame rhizosphere. Seed bacterization with LES4 resulted in significant increase in vegetative growth parameters and yield of sesame over non-bacterized seeds. However, application of LES4 with half dose of fertilizers resulted in growth equivalent to full dose treatment, without compromising with the growth and yield of sesame. Moreover, the oil yield increased by 33.3%, while protein yield increased by 47.5% with treatment of half dose of fertilizer along with LES 4 bacterized seeds, as compared to full dose of fertilizers. 相似文献
13.
基于2016年的田间定位试验，在冬闲(F)和冬种绿肥(G)2种模式下，探究不同施氮量(N0:不施氮；N50:减氮50%;N100:常规氮；N150:增施氮50%)对双季稻产量、养分吸收特征及氮素利用率的影响，以期为南方稻区绿肥利用和氮肥施用提供科学理论依据。结果表明，与冬闲模式相比，冬种绿肥模式提高4种不同氮水平下的早晚稻产量，其中早、晚稻稻谷产量平均增产8.0%,5.7%。2种模式下的早稻产量随施氮量增加均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势，而晚稻则呈现上升的趋势。冬种绿肥模式同样提高植株地上部氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)素积累量和氮肥偏生产力。随施氮量的增加，这2种模式的早晚稻养分收获指数和氮肥利用率大多呈下降趋势，高量氮肥处理(N150)降低早稻地上部K素的积累量。早晚稻稻谷产量与水稻N、P和K素积累量存在显著正相关，2种模式下的高氮处理(N150)K素吸收的降低与其早稻产量下降相关联。结合稻谷产量与施氮量拟合分析、养分吸收利用等多方面效应，综合考量，冬闲模式下，早稻季氮肥适宜施用范围为150.0～170.3 kg/hm2,冬种绿肥模式下，早稻季氮肥适宜施用范围为75... 相似文献
14.
不同氮源与镁配施对甘蓝产量、品质和养分吸收的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究不同氮源与镁配施对甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)产量、品质和养分吸收的影响。试验在等氮条件下设4个氮源,分别为不施氮肥、100%铵态氮、50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮、100%硝态氮;设4个硫酸镁施用量,分别为0、75 kg·hm-2、150 kg·hm-2、300 kg·hm-2。结果表明,100%硝态氮与中量(150 kg·hm-2)镁配施处理的甘蓝产量比不施肥处理、100%铵态氮与中量镁配施处理和50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮与中量镁配施处理分别增产56.9%、14.7%和5.2%。施用100%硝态氮处理的甘蓝产量略高于50%硝态氮+50%铵态氮处理,比施用100%铵态氮处理和不施肥处理分别增产13.0%和44.2%。施用低量(75kg·hm-2)镁肥的甘蓝产量比不施镁肥增产9.3%,而增加镁肥用量对甘蓝产量没有显著影响。施用100%硝态氮、50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮和100%铵态氮处理的甘蓝硝酸盐含量比不施氮肥处理分别增加84.4%、63.4%和6.9%。100%硝态氮与高量(300 kg·hm-2)镁肥配合施用的甘蓝硝酸盐含量比不施肥处理、100%铵态氮与高量镁肥配施处理和50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮与高镁肥配施处理分别增加101.4%、82.3%和14.1%。施用高量镁肥处理甘蓝硝酸盐含量比不施肥处理增加11.2%。随着硝态氮比例增加,甘蓝维生素C、还原糖、总氨基酸含量相应增加,镁肥施用量对甘蓝维生素C、还原糖、总氨基酸含量影响明显。随着硝态氮比例增加,甘蓝对磷、钾和钙吸收量显著增加;随着镁施用量增加,磷、钾和镁吸收量相应增加。不同氮源与镁肥相互作用对甘蓝维生素C含量,氮、磷、钾、钙和镁养分吸收均有明显的影响。本研究表明,50%硝态氮和50%铵态氮混合与适量镁肥配合施用,既能增加甘蓝产量,提高维生素C、还原糖和总氨基酸含量,又能减少硝酸盐含量,提高甘蓝品质。 相似文献
15.
Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on growth,yield and chemical composition of sweet fennel
AbstractIn this study, the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizers on vegetative fresh bulb yield, quality and biochemical attributes of sweet fennel were investigated in spring 2017 and 2018. Treatments consisted of 0, 50, 100, or 150?kg ha?1 of N and K in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that, the bulb fresh yield increased with application of N and K in both years, while the higher level of K had significant adverse effect in first year. Results also showed that sweet fennel bulb treated by N and K exhibited higher vitamin C, total phenols and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant capacity, especially in first year. In both years, alone or combined application of N and K increased total soluble solids (TSS) content as compared to control, and this effect was more pronounced in 2017 season. Macronutrient contents of bulb including magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), K, N, and calcium (Ca) were significantly enhanced by NK fertilizer, however an alone application of K decreased Ca and Mg nutrient contents. Therefore, to improve fresh bulb yield, quality and antioxidant capacity in sweet fennel, 150?kg ha?1 K and 100?kg ha?1 N is recommended. 相似文献
16.
为评估化肥配施有机肥对花生根际细菌群落的影响，田间试验条件下研究了不施肥(CK)、施化学氮磷钾肥(NPK)和化学氮磷钾肥+有机肥配施(NPKM)对花生根际细菌群落多样性、结构和共存网络的影响。结果表明：NPKM处理下花生根际土养分状况明显改善，特别是有效磷的含量，较CK和NPK处理分别提高了5.31倍～12.16倍和3.24倍～6.50倍；而NPK处理下花生根际土养分状况并没有明显提升；Source Tracker分析显示，NPKM处理下根际细菌群落中只有2.1%～5.5%的物种来源于有机肥自身，但其花生根际细菌群落多样性在生育期前期要明显高于CK和NPK处理，而CK和NPK处理下根际细菌群落多样性差异不大；限制性主成分分析(CAP)显示，施肥措施和生育期均对根际细菌群落结构产生了显著影响，NPKM处理下花生根际土中富集了属于根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、梭菌目(Clostridiales)和芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)这一类根际促生菌，根际细菌共存网络结构更加复杂，且网络中重要连接点的比例要也明显高于CK和NPK处理网络。可见，化肥配施有机肥有助于构建一个健康稳定的根际细... 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2905-2917
ABSTRACT Low, erratic rainfall amounts and restricted accessibility of chemical fertilizer for rural farmers in developing countries may have negative effects on crop production. Agricultural methods like biochar applications, fertilizer microdosing and tied ridging can help to mitigate these constraints, but have rarely been studied in combination and under varying water availability. A field trial was conducted in split-plot design over two contrasting cropping seasons in 2016 and 2017 in Tanzania to study the effect of these agricultural methods on maize grain yield, biomass, leaf area index, plant height and soil moisture content. In both seasons each with contrasting irrigation frequencies, fertilizer microdosing increased the grain yield of maize. Biochar alone affected the yield only at high application rates (10 t/ha) and low irrigation frequency. However, when combined with fertilizer microdosing the yield effect of biochar was more pronounced. For example, combining 5 t/ha biochar with fertilizer microdosing under flat tillage increased yield by 170% compared to the control without biochar and fertilizers. Tied ridges increased soil moisture content and tended to increase maize yield compared to flat tillage, whereas biochar application resulted in significantly higher soil moisture contents. Fertilizer microdosing with biochar application can be recommended to improve maize yields mainly under flat tillage. 相似文献
18.
19.
通过室内盆栽试验模拟自然环境条件,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,研究了土壤使用推荐剂量(5 mg·kg~(-1))及推荐剂量的2倍、3倍和4倍(10 mg·kg~(-1)、15 mg·kg~(-1)、20 mg·kg~(-1))毒死蜱对棉花根际土壤细菌群落多样性和结构的影响,以不施用毒死蜱的土壤为对照。结果表明,5 mg·kg~(-1)、10 mg·kg~(-1)、15 mg·kg~(-1)和20 mg·kg~(-1)毒死蜱在土壤中的半衰期分别为10.04 d、11.36 d、11.55 d和12.16 d,60 d时基本完全降解。毒死蜱处理60 d后,棉花生物量显著降低;毒死蜱浓度越高,棉花生物量越低。无毒死蜱条件下不同取样时间根际细菌多样性无显著差异,毒死蜱处理组前30 d细菌多样性均显著降低,60 d时毒死蜱处理组细菌多样性恢复到正常水平。研究发现毒死蜱浓度越高对细菌多样性抑制作用越显著,恢复越缓慢。主成分分析结果发现,第10 d、30 d和60 d毒死蜱处理组与对照组细菌群落结构差异显著,其中60 d时20 mg·kg~(-1)毒死蜱处理组差异最显著,即使土壤中毒死蜱完全降解,根际细菌群落结构仍不会恢复到正常水平。60 d时,被毒死蜱抑制的细菌有硝化刺菌属(Nitrospina sp.)和Cellulophaga sp.等,被激活的有芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces sp.)等。可见,毒死蜱的引入,重新构建了土壤细菌群落结构,显著影响棉花生长,对棉花根际土壤微生态环境冲击较大,应对其生态安全性予以重视。 相似文献
20.
Nan Nan Zhang Yan Mei Sun Long Li En Tao Wang Wen Xin Chen Hong Li Yuan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(6):625-639
The effects of intercropping with maize and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield of faba bean and rhizosphere bacterial diversity were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment
length polymorphism, amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that intercropping
but not Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the faba bean yield. Probably the relatively high level of native rhizobia in soil annulled
the effect of rhizobia inoculation. ARDRA results showed that intercropping did not affect bacterial diversity whereas Rhizobium inoculation decreased bacterial diversity. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the composition of bacterial
community was changed apparently by intercropping, and there was a positive correlation (P = 0.724) between faba bean yields and intercropping and an apparent correlation (P = 0.648) between intercropping and total N. The available content of K and P had a lower effect on the bacterial community
composition than did the total N content, Rhizobium inoculation, and microbial biomass C. Rhizobium inoculation negatively correlated with microbial biomass C (P = −0.827). These results revealed a complex interaction among the intercropped crops, inoculation with rhizobia, and indigenous
bacteria and implied that the increase of faba bean production in intercropping might be related to the modification of rhizosphere
bacterial community. 相似文献