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为了解河北省临西县部分猪场猪瘟病毒和口蹄疫病毒疫苗免疫效果，本研究于2022年从临西县部分猪场采集血清样品550份，采用ELISA法分别检测猪瘟、口蹄疫病毒O型和A型抗体合格率，并进一步统计和分析数据。结果显示，该地区猪群口蹄疫O型和A型抗体合格率均超过90%，而猪瘟抗体合格率为77.3%，均达到国家70%以上合格率的要求。进一步分析发现，所有猪场/发育阶段猪群口蹄疫O型和A型抗体合格率差异较小，所有猪场合格率均高于80%；但不同猪场和发育阶段猪群猪瘟抗体合格率存在差异，部分猪场猪瘟抗体阳性率低于70%；保育猪和育肥猪较母猪群抗体阳性率低，分别为70.39%和66.67%。以上研究结果表明，临西县口蹄疫O型、A型和猪瘟疫苗免疫效果均较好，超过国家制定的最低标准，但仍然有个别猪场或猪群存在猪瘟疫苗抗体合格率不高的现象，应引起重视。 相似文献
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五省牛、羊和猪口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果的试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了监测O、A和AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫疫苗免疫后引起的抗体水平,采用口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA法和病毒非结构蛋白3ABC-ELISA法对我国云南、内蒙古、甘肃、新疆和西藏的部分地区牛、羊和猪的血清样品共65591份进行三型口蹄疫抗体水平监测。液相阻断ELISA方法显示加强免疫后各地合格率均能达到100%;非结构蛋白3ABC-ELISA方法显示五省抗体检测合格率分别为91.13%、88.38%、78.04%、88.15%和85.15%;不同动物口蹄疫分型抗体检测结果以云南最高(均在85%以上),其它四省抗体检测合格率均在70%以上。结果表明,该疫苗免疫可产生较好的免疫效果。 相似文献
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选用猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗对不同年龄、性别、用途的75632头生猪进行免疫接种试验,开展免疫应激反应、应激反应死亡情况观察和免疫抗体检测。结果试验猪群免疫应激反应率为0.012%,应激反应死亡率为0,免疫20 d后抗体合格率达到84.84%,50 d后达到95.83%,其应激反应率和应激反应死亡率均比使用灭活类疫苗有明显降低,抗体合格率则明显提高。2009年大田推广猪O型口蹄疫合成肽疫苗免疫生猪426.6625万头,结果免疫猪的应激反应率为0.016%,免疫应激反应死亡率为0.009%,免疫20 d后抗体合格率达到77.15%,50 d后达到84.15%,其应激反应率和应激反应死亡率也都比使用灭活类疫苗有明显降低,免疫抗体合格率则有较大提高。通过小区试验和大田推广证明,猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗值得推广应用。 相似文献
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为了解家畜口蹄疫免疫效果,田东县动物疫病预防控制中心兽医实验室利用正向间接血凝试验对2010年-2013年全县家畜免疫血清进行O型口蹄疫免疫抗体监测。结果显示：2011年猪和羊的抗体合格率略有下降,牛的抗体合格率平稳上升,总体呈逐年上升趋势,二免抗体合格率显著高于一免。2013年在免疫猪和羊口蹄疫疫苗时,同时在另一耳根注射疫苗增效剂（主要成分为黄芪多糖）的抗体合格率比未使用增效剂动物的高;在一免后抗体监测调查还发现,使用不同生产厂家的疫苗对群体抗体合格率有一定的影响。调查认为,使用口蹄疫疫苗应推行二次加强免疫,使用疫苗增效剂对提高免疫效果有一定作用。 相似文献
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猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗免疫效果试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了更好地了解猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗与灭活疫苗免疫后抗体水平之间的差异．在梅小市选择2个规模化养猪场,每个猪场分2组,对试验猪分别免疫猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗和猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗．对接种疫苗的试验猪进行免疫应激观察,结果显示：注射合成肽疫苗试验猪未出现不良免疫副反应．说明用合成肽疫苗临床使用的安全性较高;采用猪O型口蹄疫VP1抗体检测试剂盒和正向间接血凝试验分别对使用上述两种口蹄疫疫苗免疫21d后的猪血清进行检测,结果表明：免疫猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗用猪O型口蹄疫VP1抗体检测试剂盒检测．抗体阳性合格率达到92．50％,免疫猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗用正向间接血凝试验检测,免疫合格率为35．83％,说明猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗接种后的免疫效果明显优于传统灭活疫苗。 相似文献
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为了解山东省猪群口蹄疫免疫状况,评估疫苗免疫效果,2017—2018年对全省135家规模化猪场,随机采集血液并分离血清,通过ELISA方法检测猪O型口蹄疫抗体和猪口蹄疫结构蛋白VP1抗体。结果显示:2017—2018年,无疫区内的合格率分别为96.03%、94.80%,其余地区的O型抗体合格率分别为78.24%、81.88%,均达到了农业农村部要求的70%以上的标准;聊城和济宁等地区的猪O型口蹄疫抗体水平最低,平均阳性率分别为64.68%和63.5%;各类型养殖场中,种猪场合格率最高,分别为90.73%和88.00%,散养户最低,合格率分别为68.80%和66.88%。2017—2018年,VP1抗体合格率分别为87.9%、84.9%,达到了70%以上的标准。结果表明,山东省猪口蹄疫免疫效果整体较好,说明强制免疫工作达到了预期效果,但散养户和部分地区猪群的免疫水平偏低,需要加强免疫宣传和培训,调整优化免疫程序,加大监测督查力度,实施疫苗的科学免疫,从而全面提高猪群免疫抗体水平。 相似文献
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为了解安徽省猪口蹄疫感染状况和免疫情况,使用荧光RT-PCR和ELISA检测方法,对安徽省12个生猪固定监测点采集的578份扁桃体样品和578份血清样品分别开展口蹄疫（通用型）病毒核酸、猪A型口蹄疫抗体和猪O型口蹄疫抗体检测。结果显示：猪口蹄疫（通用型）病毒核酸阳性率为0,A型抗体阳性率为25.95%,O型抗体合格率为32.87%。结果表明,安徽省中小型生猪养殖场口蹄疫防控情况较好;部分猪场使用了A型口蹄疫疫苗免疫,但效果并不理想;O型口蹄疫抗体合格率不高,除免疫时间短的因素外,说明仍有部分猪场不重视口蹄疫免疫。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664