共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
杉木浸渍改性材的尺寸稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛改性剂对杉木木材进行浸溃改性，对其改性材的尺寸稳定性进行研究。结果表明：改性材的弦向、径向和体积干缩率与素材相比均有不同程度的下降；改性材的弦向、径向和体积湿胀率与素材相比也均有不同程度的下降，但当改性剂浓度超过20％时，下降才较明显；改性材吸水率随改性剂浓度的上升而下降，最大可由改性前的197％下降到改性后的155％；改性材的抗干缩系数（ASE）随改性剂浓度上升而增加，最大可达18．8％。杉木改性材的尺寸稳定性能要明显优于素材。 相似文献
2.
3.
以水蒸气作为保护气体,在170,185,200和215℃的条件下分别热处理橡胶木3h,对热改性橡胶木的生物耐久性进行研究.结果显示:高温热改性可提高橡胶木的耐腐性,其改善效果随着处理温度的升高而提高,当处理温度为185℃或更低温度时,改善效果不明显.215℃处理3h后,褐腐(密黏褶菌)质量损失率由51.6％降至21.6％,白腐(采绒革盖菌)质量损失率由27.6％降至6.8％.选用烟曲霉、哈茨木霉、产紫青霉和可可球二孢进行防霉试验,结果显示热改性橡胶木的防霉性能与对照相比没有明显的改善;经涂饰后,热改性试材的防霉性能优于未处理材.野外耐久性试验结果显示,高温热改性不能提高橡胶木的防白蚁性能. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
通过NS(一种化学药剂)改性落叶松材和素材在相同干燥基准下干燥速度和干燥质量的对比试验,研究了Ns改性对落叶松材干燥性能的影响。结果表明:NS改性可显著改善落叶松材的干燥性能,40mm厚板材平均干燥速度可提高48％以上,各项干燥质量指标均高于国家二级标准,完全可满足家具等生产的需要。 相似文献
7.
《林业科学》2021,57(7)
【目的】分析水溶性乙烯基单体改性前后木材极性基团数量和细胞壁结构变化,揭示水溶性甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEMA)和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)原位共聚改性木材尺寸稳定性提高机制,为该改性技术优化发展提供理论基础。【方法】采用动态水蒸气吸附和接触角表征水溶性乙烯基单体改性前后木材极性基团数量和表面极性变化,利用扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射、压汞法和氮气吸附系统研究改性剂在木材中的分布、细胞壁润胀、细胞壁两相结构以及孔隙变化情况。【结果】在相对湿度0%～95%环境下,HEMA和NMA改性材的平衡含水率明显低于未改性材;当相对湿度达95%及以上时,改性材的平衡含水率超过未改性材。利用H-H模型拟合分析浸水处理后改性材与未改性材的吸湿曲线发现,改性材原有极性基团数量有所下降但并不显著。接触角测试表明,改性材的表面极性大于未改性材,残留单体去除后改性材的表面极性弱于未改性材,残留单体可抑制木材疏水性能的改善。SEM观察结果显示,改性后细胞壁显著增厚,且细胞间隙减少。拉曼光谱分析得出,改性剂均匀分布于细胞壁中,结合SEM结果可知改性剂能够顺利进入细胞壁并润胀细胞壁。X射线衍射分析表明,改性材未出现新的晶体结构,且改性材的结晶度相对于未改性材变化较小。压汞法和氮气吸附测试表明,改性材的孔隙率相对于未改性材出现较显著下降,改性剂可成功填充细胞壁孔隙。【结论】HEMA和NMA改性木材可有效提高其尺寸稳定性,改性剂对细胞壁的充分润胀、加固及对细胞壁孔隙的填充作用是木材尺寸稳定性提高的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
速生杨木改性材力学及胶合性能的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用氨溶季胺铜防腐剂(ACQ-D)和自制低分子酚醛树脂预聚体(PF),通过满细胞真空浸渍的方法对速生杨木进行了防腐和增强化学改性处理.对改性前后材料的基本力学强度性能,以及素材、增强改性材、防腐改性材和防腐增强改性材任两种材料的胶合强度进行了测试和分析.结果表明,试验范围内,防腐处理对材料的力学性能影响不大;PF增强改性材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度分别提高了97.11、83.36、125.53%、37.01%,防腐后增强改性材对应指标值分别提高了101.34、75.05、111.83%、32.60%,符合日本JAS标准中E类指标结构用材要求.PF增强改性材与其它材料进行胶合,压缩剪切胶合强度均大于11 MPa,木破率大于90%,能够满足日本集成材JAS标准的规定. 相似文献
9.
10.
郝华涛 《黑龙江林业职业技术学院学报》2002,(1):25-28
本文通过NS改性落叶松材和素材在相同干燥基准下干燥速度和干燥质量的对比试验，研究了NS改性对落叶松材干燥性能的影响。结果表明：NS改性可显著改善落叶松材的干燥性能，40mm厚板材平均干燥速度可提高48％以上，各项干燥质量指标均高于国家二级标准，完全可满足家具等生产的需要。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献