共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
PR107是从国外引进的优良橡胶树抗风高产品种，于20世纪在海南、广东的中风轻寒区及云南的轻、中寒区大规模推广种植，由该品种衍生的大规模推广级品种热研7-33-97、文昌11、大丰95和云研77-4等在中国天然橡胶产业的发展中发挥着重要作用。为探讨PR107作为亲本在中国橡胶树育种上的利用价值，笔者分析了该品种在中国推广种植的适应性、农艺性状表现、刺激割胶生理效应、主要衍生品种的特性等。结果表明：PR107生势中等、晚熟、干胶含量高、耐刺激、较不耐寒、抗风性较好。以PR107为亲本，育种工作者先后育成了热 相似文献
2.
以儋州市那大镇255户胶农为调查对象, 分别调查品种选择、种植规模、栽培管理技术应用、新技术了解及应用、技术需求等。结果表明：目前种植的主要品种是热研7-33-97(56.82%)和RRIM600(17.21%);有88.78%的农户拟在胶园更新时选择热研7-33-97,有66.84%农户在坡地或丘陵地胶园修筑了环山行;有机肥的施用量普遍不足;4.71%的农户能够做到养树割胶,有52.08%的农户按照自身经验进行胶园施肥,有43.75%的农户不懂如何施肥;农户对围洞法抗旱定植、营养诊断施肥、新割胶技术采用 相似文献
3.
橡胶树三倍体种质创制及生物学鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以人工诱导的橡胶树三倍体种质为材料,通过形态学、细胞学和分子生物学等方法对其进行鉴定.结果表明:橡胶树通过有性阶段诱导产生的2n配子与正常配子(1n)杂交可获得纯合三倍体,其无性繁殖后代倍性表现稳定,体细胞染色体数为2n=3x=54,三倍体细胞百分率达91.5％;RAPD及过氧化物同工酶分析表明,该橡胶树三倍体与热研7-33-97、RRIM600的亲缘关系较近,在分子水平存在较大的相似性,可判断热研7-33-97、RRIM600为该橡胶树三倍体杂交亲本来源. 相似文献
4.
为了探寻橡胶树新品种热研7-33-97适宜的割胶制度,在充分挖掘橡胶树产胶潜力的同时又能保证胶树的安全。对热研7-33-97进行1/2阴阳线轮换与单阳线割制的比较。通过5年的田间试验观察,结果表明,在3天1刀的情况下,热研7-33-97优良无性系采用1/2阴阳线轮换割胶制度,其产量比单阳线割制增产10.6%,干含提高0.9%,死皮发病率下降0.5%。 相似文献
5.
中规模推广级橡胶树优良品种热研7—33—97的选育 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
热研7—33—97是一个速生高产抗性较强的橡胶树优良品种。两院试验场高级试验区头9个割年的鉴定结果,其平均干胶产量为4.35千克/株·年、1910千克/公顷·年,分别为对照RRIM600的131.8％和169.5％,干胶含量高,产胶潜力大,干胶性能好,抗风、抗寒能力都优于RRIM600,1993年被评为中规模推广级品种。 相似文献
6.
橡胶树热研5-11是四生代无性系,亲本为热研56-5x热研88-13,经初级系比试验5割年及高级系比6割年的干胶产量和副性状的鉴定,结果表明:热研5-11是一个早熟、高产的品种,树围生长与对照(RRIM600)相当,高比区前6割年平均年干胶产量为5.86 kg/株和2 253kg·hm-2,分别比对照高93.4％和65.3％;抗风力一般,风害断倒率为3.0％,比对照高0.7个百分点,无显著差异:第6割年末死皮停割率为4.2％,比对照高1.9个百分点。该品种可在海南岛中西部轻风害区种植。 相似文献
7.
橡胶树热研7-33-97不同杂交组合子代早期鉴定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis）优良品种热研7-33-97具有生长速度快、抗性强、产胶潜力大和干胶理化性能好等优点。为研究热研7-33-97作为杂交亲本选育优良新品种的潜力，分别对热研2-73×热研7-33-97、热研5-11×热研7-33-97、热研7-33-97×海垦1的人工杂交授粉子代进行生长量和产量早期鉴定。结果表明：不同杂交组合子代的茎围生长和产量均有显著差异，热研7-33-97作为父本或者母本均能较好地遗传其速生、高产性状。子代性状的正态分析表明，从热研2-73×热研7-33-97杂交组合子代中选育出胶木兼优品种的可能性较大，从热研5-11×热研7-33-97杂交组合子代中选育出高产品种的可能性较大，从热研7-33-97×海垦1杂交组合子代中有选育出抗风高产品种的可能性。 相似文献
8.
橡胶优良品种热研88—13的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
热研88-13在基本无性系试验区8年的系统鉴定结果,平均年株产干胶5.04公斤,比 RRIM600高产35.1%;平均年亩产干胶113.1公斤,比 RRIM600高产43.2%;抗风能力与 RRIM600相当,树冠耐寒能力比 RRIM600稍强,但割面寒害敏感;胶乳分子量为121万,抗氧指数为90,机械稳定度比 RRIM600稍高,胶乳质量比较好,基本符合中等规模推广品种的标准。 相似文献
9.
10.
本文报导研88－13、海垦2两个橡胶良种在我省生产系比试验，开割头六年的试验，其产量，干胶含量明显高于对照品种RRIM600。由于两品种抗性较差，目前只能在我省适宜种植RRIM600的种植区种植。热研88-13和海垦2分别是华南热带作物科学研究院橡胶所和海南省保亭热带作物科学研究所选育的橡胶优良品种。云南省热带作物科学研究所，1973年引入进入初级系比试验，1980年和1981年先后在本所，勐棒农场试验站和孟定农场三分场建立生产系比试验区，对两个品种在我省的适应性进行研究，现将试验区割胶头六年的试验结果报导如下。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献