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1.
李玉彤  吴祖芳  翁佩芳  陈功 《核农学报》2021,35(10):2369-2376
为了提高10 L发酵罐发酵胡柚汁中活菌数、总酚含量和总黄酮含量,本试验以植物乳杆菌L1(Lactobacillus plantarum L1)和发酵乳杆菌L2(Lactobacillus fermentum L2)为发酵菌种发酵胡柚果汁,考察了摇瓶发酵条件下初始pH值和溶氧对胡柚汁乳酸菌发酵过程以及菌体细胞凝聚性的影响,并对10 L发酵罐发酵放大进行了研究。结果表明,不同pH值和装液量会影响胡柚汁发酵过程中活菌数、总酚含量和总黄酮含量,且胡柚汁发酵过程中乳酸菌细胞有自凝聚能力。在10 L发酵罐中控制搅拌转速为100 r·min-1并结合pH控制发酵,胡柚汁发酵最大活菌数达到2.86×1010CFU·mL-1,总酚和总黄酮最大含量分别达到268 和752 μg·mL-1,比10 L发酵罐静置发酵分别提高47%、12%和13%,达到摇瓶最佳发酵效果。本研究结果为乳酸菌发酵胡柚汁饮料的规模化生产提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

2.
南方红豆杉组织培养研究进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
阐述了组培微繁诱苗过程中不同外植体诱导愈伤组织的效果差别、培养基选取和优化、植物生长调节剂浓度和配比、生理碳源、光条件和小分子添加剂等因素的作用影响;从细胞次生代谢诱导和生物反应器应用两方面总结了细胞悬浮培养生产紫杉醇研究现状。此外,对南方红豆杉组织培养的主要问题和方向进行了探讨和展望。  相似文献   

3.
研究了植酸对霍山石斛类原球茎悬浮培养细胞生长、多糖合成和培养基中主要营养成分消耗的影响,并分析了细胞中可溶性还原糖、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛含量以及过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性。结果表明,植酸能抑制过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性,提高细胞活力,从而促进细胞生长和多糖合成,以2.5g/L浓度的植酸效果最好,培养36d时,类原球茎干重为29.4g/L,多糖产量为2.06g/L。动力学分析表明,添加2.5g/L的植酸还有利于碳、氮、磷等营养物质的吸收。  相似文献   

4.
苏云金杆菌(Bt8010)工业发酵过程研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
研究苏云金杆菌发酵过程诸多参数的变化对提高产品毒力很有意义。在５Ｌ发酵罐对Ｂｔ８０１０菌株进行培养,对发酵全过程的各参数包括葡萄糖消耗,细胞数和生物量增长,芽孢形成,溶氧和ｐＨ值变化等进行了详细的分析,用不同浓度葡萄糖进行培养,并对分批补料培养和分批培养结果进行比较,结果表明：葡萄糖浓度对发酵结果的影响很大。发酵过程的不同阶段,细胞的大小和结构各不相同,流加葡萄糖可以使发酵结果芽孢数达到１．２８×１０10个／ｍＬ。  相似文献   

5.
目前已经找到一种由雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.)细胞培养法生产雷公藤甲素和生物碱的方法,但是这种方法生产的次生代谢物产量较低,因此本研究利用紫外光(UV-B)辐照和超声波处理对雷公藤悬浮培养体系中萜类次生代谢物的含量进行了检测分析.在雷公藤悬浮细胞的不同培养时期,利用不同时长的UV-B辐照和超声波分别处理的雷公藤悬浮细胞和培养体系,采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)对悬浮细胞和培养液中雷公藤内酯醇、吉碱和次碱的含量进行测定.结果表明,利用UV-B辐照和超声波处理均可以显著提高雷公藤悬浮培养体系中悬浮细胞生长量及其次生代谢物的含量.紫外辐照及超声波处理均可使雷公藤悬浮细胞的生长量比对照提高1～2倍.在雷公藤悬浮细胞生长周期的第13天用UV-B辐照90 min,雷公藤悬浮细胞中内酯醇、吉碱和次碱产物含量达到最大,分别为5.185、39.747和42.189 μg/L;超声波处理40 s时,次生代谢物含量达到最大,分别为5.185、40.080和45.472 μg/L,与对照相比提高1～3倍.另外超声波处理对雷公藤悬浮细胞中次生代谢物释放分泌入细胞培养液中有一定程度的促进作用,通过对雷公藤悬浮细胞培养液中次生代谢物含量的检测发现,在处理时长分别为40 s时,内酯醇、吉碱和次碱的转化率分别达到93.7％、86.6％和88.1％,与对照相比含量提高1～3倍.本研究为解决雷公藤野生资源短缺,利用雷公藤悬浮细胞培养生产雷公藤内酯醇、吉碱和次碱提供基础资料.  相似文献   

6.
淹水条件下氨酸法生产颗粒有机无机复混肥养分缓释特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用直接淋洗和淹水培养间歇淋洗两种方法评价氨酸法生产颗粒有机无机复混肥的养分缓释特性。结果表明,对氨酸法生产有机无机复混肥造粒,有直接减缓其有机和无机养分释放的效应。在等氮水平下,不同种类有机无机复混肥累积淋失的氮量明显不同,且与淋失的有机碳量没有明显的相关关系,表明有机与无机养分的配比比例影响肥料的氮释放特性。在本研究中,造粒对氨酸法生产的有机和单一无机氮复混肥中氮养分的缓释效果最差,而对氮钾比为2∶1的两种肥料中有机和无机养分的缓释效果均相对较好。  相似文献   

7.
建立鸡屎藤愈伤组织的诱导、增殖继代培养及其细胞悬浮培养的技术体系。研究不同植物激素组合对叶片、茎段和带腋芽茎段愈伤组织诱导的影响;采用正交试验研究不同处理对叶片愈伤组织增殖的影响;采用液体振荡培养法测定叶片愈伤组织细胞悬浮生长曲线。结果表明：叶片最易诱导产生愈伤组织,最佳激素配比为MS＋6-BA1.0mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L,诱导率可达100%。叶片愈伤组织最佳增殖培养基为MS＋2,4-D0.5mg/L＋NAA0.3mg/L＋6-BA0.5mg/L,pH5.8。由叶片愈伤组织建立的细胞系生长呈＂S＂型曲线,培养24d达到最大生长量,最适继代周期为18～20d。以叶片为外植体经愈伤诱导、增殖培养可建立良好的细胞悬浮系。  相似文献   

8.
枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)叶是中国传统药用植物资源,五环三萜类化合物(pentacyclic triterpenoids)作为枇杷的主要活性成份具有广泛的药理作用和重要的生物活性,同时也是枇杷三萜类物质的主要组成。经细胞悬浮培养产生的五环三萜类化合物含量远高于原植株。本研究以原植株枇杷叶片、愈伤组织(悬浮培养的必经阶段)、2个富含五环三萜类化合物的调控,共4个样品进行了转录组测序,用生物信息学方法进行Unigene的从头测序拼接,蛋白质功能注释,代谢通路分析。结果共获得123 685个Unigene,平均长度为804.44 bp。三萜合成相关途径中,叶片(样本Ⅰ)分别与培养细胞(样本Ⅱ,样本Ⅲ,样本Ⅳ)的基因表达差异较大,愈伤组织阶段(样本Ⅱ)与富含五环三萜类目标产物的不同调控(样本Ⅲ,样本Ⅳ)之间的基因表达模式相近。在三萜骨架形成和修饰代谢途径中,以样本之间差异基因的交集结合已报道的重要基因进行筛选,从整体上分析了枇杷五环三萜类化合物代谢途径中的关键性酶为乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶(acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase,AACT),鲨烯合成酶(squalene synthase,SQS),鲨烯环氧酶(squalene monooxygenase,SQE),香树素合酶(amyrin synthase,AS),细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450),糖基化转移酶(UDP-glycosyltransferase,UGT),这些酶相关基因或不同家族基因成员的表达水平与目标产物的含量有一定相关性,为进一步深入研究此物种三萜合成途径提供理论依据。同时,枇杷愈伤组织阶段五环三萜类化合物合成途径已经大量开启,是枇杷细胞悬浮培养的重要中间阶段。本研究通过Illumina HiSeq 4000平台,首次利用转录组测序技术对枇杷细胞悬浮培养后五环三萜类活性成分富集的遗传基础进行分析,为进一步完善植物体五环三萜类化合物的合成机制提供理论依据,同时也为枇杷细胞悬浮培养生产萜类物质的人工调控提供基础资料。  相似文献   

9.
为筛选高氨基酸和高茶氨酸茶树资源及探究茶树中茶氨酸与氨基酸含量之间的关系,本研究利用茚三酮显色法结合酶标仪检测技术测定218份茶树资源春季一芽二叶蒸青样的氨基酸含量,利用高效液相色谱法测定了其茶氨酸含量。结果表明,218份资源的氨基酸含量介于1.50%~8.98%之间,其中高氨基酸茶树资源(氨基酸含量≥5%)55份;茶氨酸含量介于0%~4.03%之间,其中高茶氨酸茶树资源(茶氨酸含量≥3%)13份,不含茶氨酸的茶树资源4份;茶氨酸与氨基酸含量的比值介于0~0.78之间,且集中分布于0.2~0.5之间,二者的相关性系数达0.752,呈极显著正相关。本研究筛选获得了一批氨基酸特异的茶树资源,为高氨基酸和高茶氨酸茶树新品种选育及其形成的分子机理研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种悬浮细胞的硼钙营养效应   总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5  
采用细胞培养的方法 ,研究了培养基中硼钙营养水平变化对不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种悬浮细胞生长及硼、钙和镁含量的影响。结果表明 ,增加硼营养显著促进了悬浮细胞的生长 ,钙对悬浮细胞生长的影响因硼供应状况和品种而异。两品种间差异表现为 ,低硼的抑制效应、高硼的促进效应以及较高钙的抑制效应都是硼低效 (对缺硼敏感 )品种Bakow(原代号 9141,曾用代号 01)比硼高效 (对缺硼不敏感 )品种特早 16 (原代号 9118,曾用代号 03)明显。增硼显著降低悬浮细胞的钙含量 ;镁含量因增硼先上升而后下降。增钙对悬浮细胞中硼含量无显著影响 ,硼钙镁之间存在着复杂的关系。  相似文献   

11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

15.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

16.
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.  相似文献   

17.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

18.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

20.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

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