共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
通过氮平衡试验和饲养试验,研究日粮不同蛋白水平(18.2%、16.5%、15.5%、14.5%和13.6%)对生长猪生产性能和氮平衡的影响。结果表明,粪氮、尿氮、总氮、氮吸收和氮沉积均随日粮蛋白水平的降低而降低(P<0.05);日粮蛋白水平显著影响了猪的生产性能、眼肌面积、血清尿素氮和血浆游离必需氨基酸浓度(P<0.05);在低蛋白日粮中添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸,可使生长猪日粮蛋白水平从18.2%降至14.5%,且大幅度降低氮排泄量而不影响其生产性能;当日粮蛋白水平降低4个百分点以上时,赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸均能够满足生长猪生长需要,但异亮氨酸、缬氨酸和精氨酸等必需氨基酸及酪氨酸和丝氨酸等非必需氨基酸则不能满足其生长需要。 相似文献
2.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic based studies of the metabolism of black tea polyphenols in humans 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Daykin CA Van Duynhoven JP Groenewegen A Dachtler M Van Amelsvoort JM Mulder TP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1428-1434
Epidemiological studies indicate that a high intake of flavonoids is associated with an improved health status. Tea is one of the most abundant sources of flavonoids in the human diet. The bioavailability and biotransformation of tea flavonoids are, however, not clearly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolism of black tea via a nonspecific screening method. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to obtain nonselective profiles of urine samples collected from three human volunteers before and after a single dose of black tea. The complex spectroscopic profiles were interpreted with the use of pattern recognition techniques. Hippuric acid was confirmed as the major urinary black tea metabolite. One previously unknown metabolite was detected and identified as 1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-2-O-sulfate (sulfate conjugate of pyrogallol) using HPLC directly coupled to mass spectrometry and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. This study shows that NMR-pattern recognition studies can be used for the discovery of unknown flavonoid metabolites in humans. 相似文献
3.
Figueiredo IM Pereira NR Efraim P García NH Rodrigues NR Marsaioli A Marsaioli AJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4102-4106
The development of an analytical method using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry to monitor cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Spreng) bean fermentation, drying, and roasting processes is reported. The analysis of organic acids and alcohols of crude water extracts of cupuassu ground kernels were monitored by HPLC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The residual protein signals caused deleterious effects on acid and alcohol quantifications. Therefore, the analytical procedures were optimized by sample cleanup and water suppression pulse sequences in order to obtain compatible data using HPLC and 1H NMR. The quantification of lactic acid, acetic acid, and 2,3-butanediol by NMR is 5- to 10-fold faster than by HPLC, with the advantage of providing the identification of several chemical species in a single experiment. Application of these analytical conditions to some cupuassu samples revealed that this methodology can be applied to the quality profiles of fermentation and roasting processes. 相似文献
4.
3,5-二甲基吡唑对铵态氮硝化及作物生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
采用室内培养试验和盆栽试验相结合的方法,以春小麦和水稻为供试作物,初步探讨不同用量的3,5-二甲基吡唑(DMP)对土壤铵态氮硝化、作物产量及氮素利用的影响。结果表明,在本试验条件下,施用占尿素N量0.6%～1.0%的DMP(折合0.8～0.9g/g,干土),可显著抑制土壤硝化作用的进行,其抑制效应随抑制剂用量的增加逐渐增强。与对照单施尿素相比,施用1.0%DMP可使土壤NH4+-N含量提高30%以上,NO3--N含量降低20%左右。施用占尿素N量0.8%～1.0%的DMP对春小麦产量影响不大,但能显著提高水稻产量和两种作物的氮肥表观利用率,促进植株体内的氮素向子粒中的转移。与等量DCD(双氰胺)比较,DMP处理的水稻子粒粗蛋白含量和氮肥表观利用率显著提高,但产量差异不显著。 相似文献
5.
Epidemiological data have shown a link between dietary intake of tomatoes and tomato products (rich in carotenoids) and a decreased risk of chronic diseases. The carotenoid profile in tomato products depends on tomato variety as well as the thermal conditions used in processing. The final carotenoid profile may affect the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of these biomolecules. Therefore, nondestructive, reliable methods are needed to characterize the structural and stereochemical variation of carotenoids. CDCl(3) rapid extraction was used to extract carotenoids from tomato juice as an alternative rapid procedure that minimizes solvents and time consumption prior to NMR analysis. The profile of these biomolecules was characterized by application of high-resolution multidimensional NMR techniques using a cryogenic probe. The combination of homonuclear and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR techniques served to identify (all-E)-, (5Z)-, (9Z)-, and (13Z)-lycopene isomers and other carotenoids such as (all-E)-beta-carotene and (15Z)-phytoene dissolved in the extracted lipid mixture. The use of one-dimensional NMR enabled the rapid identification of lycopene isomers, thereby minimizing further isomerization of (all-E)-lycopene as compared to HPLC data. On the basis of the assignments accomplished, the carotenoid profile of typical tomato juice was successfully determined with minimal purification procedures. 相似文献
6.
Wang Y Tang H Nicholson JK Hylands PJ Sampson J Holmes E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(2):191-196
A metabonomic strategy, utilizing high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric methods (discriminant analysis with orthogonal signal correction), has been applied to the study of human biological responses to chamomile tea ingestion. Daily urine samples were collected from volunteers during a 6-week period incorporating a 2-week baseline period, 2 weeks of daily chamomile tea ingestion, and a 2-week post-treatment phase. Although strong intersubject variation in metabolite profiles was observed, clear differentiation between the samples obtained before and after chamomile ingestion was achieved on the basis of increased urinary excretion of hippurate and glycine with depleted creatinine concentration. Samples obtained up to 2 weeks after daily chamomile intake formed an isolated cluster in the discriminant analysis map, from which it was inferred that the metabolic effects of chamomile ingestion were prolonged during the 2-week postdosing period. This study highlights the potential for metabonomic technology in the assessment of nutritional interventions, despite the high degree of variation from genetic and environmental sources. 相似文献
7.
Koskela A Samaletdin A Aubertin-Leheudre M Adlercreutz H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):7678-7681
This study presents the optimization and validation of a rapid protocol for quantifying alkyresorcinol (AR) metabolites 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA) in plasma, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a coulometric electrode array detector. Syringic acid (SyrA) serves as the internal standard. The new method is simple and could be used in large epidemiological studies. The summed AR metabolite concentrations measured in plasma correlate significantly with the summed urinary AR metabolite concentrations (R = 0.613; p < 0.001) and with the summed intact AR (C17:0-C25:0) concentrations in plasma (R = 0.686; p < 0.001). Additional investigation is needed to clarify whether the two plasma AR metabolites are useful as biomarkers of whole-grain intake and helpful in the exploration of the association between whole-grain cereal intake and human diseases. 相似文献
8.
试验旨在建立基于摄入养分含量的数学模型，用来预测猪粪便肥料成分含量。通过饲养试验得到摄入养分含量和猪粪便中肥料成分含量的实测数据，对其进行统计分析。由方差分析得出：不同的日粮水平对粪中、尿中和粪尿混合物中总氮含量影响显著，对尿中和粪尿混合物中钾含量影响显著，对磷和铵态氮的含量影响均不显著；不同日粮水平对粪中磷的百分含量的影响显著。由回归分析得到：利用摄入粗蛋白的量可预测粪、尿和粪尿混合物中总氮的含量；利用摄入钾的量可预测尿中和粪尿混合物中钾的含量；利用摄入磷的量可预测粪中磷的百分含量。 相似文献
9.
Kleigrewe K Aydin F Hogrefe K Piecuch P Bergander K Würthwein EU Humpf HU 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(21):5497-5505
Fusarin C is a Fusarium mycotoxin that rearranges under reversed phase chromatographic conditions. In this study, the rearrangement of fusarin C was examined in detail, and the formation of fusarins under different conditions was optimized. All relevant fusarins including (10Z)-, (8Z)-, and (6Z)-fusarin C were isolated and identified by NMR. To confirm the involvement of the 2-pyrrolidone ring in the rearrangement of fusarin C, 15-methoxy-fusarin C was synthesized. For the first time, the structure of open-chain fusarin C was elucidated, and on the basis of these data, the rearrangement product of fusarin C was identified as epi-fusarin C. The results were confirmed by detailed NMR measurements and density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, a new fusarin C like metabolite, which was named dihydrofusarin C, was detected by analysis of the crude extract of fusarin C with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to UV and Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 相似文献
10.
不同肥力土壤下施氮量对小麦子粒产量和品质的影响 总被引：52，自引：18，他引：52
在高、低两种肥力土壤下,研究了施氮量对小麦子粒产量和综合品质性状的影响。结果表明,在高肥力土壤施氮量对产量的影响呈二次曲线关系,获得小麦高产的适宜施氮量J17为193.0kg/hm2,L21为211.4kg/hm2;在低肥力土壤上,随施氮量的提高子粒产量增加,但施氮量超过300kg/hm2时增产效应下降。施氮能够显著提高小麦子粒的蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值,改变子粒蛋白质和淀粉各组分所占的比例,提高面团吸水率、稳定时间、形成时间和评价值等品质指标,以及有利于小麦粉RVA谱特征值的提高,而且高肥力土壤的效果优于低肥力土壤。表明在高肥力土壤下有利于强筋小麦品质性状的提高。 相似文献
11.
Chemical characterization of Cuban propolis by HPLC-PDA, HPLC-MS, and NMR: the brown, red, and yellow Cuban varieties of propolis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cuesta-Rubio O Piccinelli AL Fernandez MC Hernández IM Rosado A Rastrelli L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7502-7509
Sixty-five samples of propolis were collected from eleven regions of Cuba; methanolic extracts of propolis were prepared from all samples, and a classification method was developed using a combination of NMR, HPLC-PDA, and HPLC-ESI/MS techniques. The analysis of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra and chromatographic profiles of all propolis extracts allowed the definition of three main types of Cuban propolis directly related to their secondary metabolite classes: brown Cuban propolis (BCP), rich in polyisoprenylated benzophenones, red Cuban propolis (RCP), containing isoflavonoids as the main constituents, and yellow Cuban propolis (YCP), probably with aliphatic compounds. Subsequently, the principal compounds of the brown and red types were characterized by HPLC-ESI/MS analysis. Instrumental techniques used are complementary; NMR was shown to be a quick and informative tool for the rapid analysis of crude propolis polar extracts and allowed the identification of the main class of secondary metabolites, while LC-PDA and LC-MS techniques were useful tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of marker compounds of Cuban propolis. 相似文献
12.
Grinder-Pedersen L Rasmussen SE Bügel S Jørgensen LV Dragsted LO Gundersen V Sandström B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(19):5671-5676
Different food production methods may result in differences in the content of secondary metabolites such as polyphenolic compounds. The present study compared conventionally (CPD) and organically produced (OPD) diets in a human crossover intervention study (n = 16) with respect to the intake and excretion of five selected flavonoids and effect on markers of oxidative defense. The urinary excretion of quercetin and kaempferol was higher after 22 days of intake of the OPD when compared to the CPD (P < 0.05). The excretions of flavonoids in urine as a percentage of intake (0.6-4%) were similar after both interventions. Most markers of antioxidative defense did not differ between the diets, but intake of OPD resulted in an increased protein oxidation and a decreased total plasma antioxidant capacity compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Some varietal difference was seen in the study, and because selection of more resistant varieties is of central importance to organic farming, it cannot be excluded that the observed effects originate from these differences. The food production method affected the content of the major flavonoid, quercetin, in foods and also affected urinary flavonoids and markers of oxidation in humans. 相似文献
13.
氮、磷营养对黄土高原旱地玉米产量、品质的影响机理研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
田间裂区试验研究了不同氮磷施用水平对旱地玉米子粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,增施氮、磷肥,能增加子粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸含量和子粒容重,降低粗淀粉的含量,提高玉米产量和水分利用效率,且氮肥效果优于磷肥。施用氮、磷肥能够增加土壤碱解氮、速效磷的浓度,有利于玉米根系对氮磷营养的吸收;在促进根系生长的同时,提高玉米的生物产量,增加植株茎秆、叶片对氮素、磷素的吸收、转化以及向穗轴、子粒的输送,显著提高子粒的灌浆强度,促进灌浆中后期子粒氮、磷的积累,增大粒重,改善子粒品质。 相似文献
14.
高寒地区联合固氮菌肥对青稞的促生效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在高寒地区,通过裂区试验研究联合固氮菌菌肥对青稞生长的影响。结果表明,本试验研制的联合固氮菌肥符合《农用微生物菌剂》质量标准(GB 20287-2006)。联合固氮菌肥对青稞主根长度(乳熟期)、地下生物量(完熟期)、粗蛋白含量(抽穗期、灌浆期和乳熟期)、子粒产量均有显著的促进作用。其中,固氮菌肥+半量氮肥(1/2CN)处理,对于株高(苗期)、地上生物量(灌浆期、乳熟期和完熟期)、主根长度(乳熟期)、根体积(灌浆期)、地下生物量(乳熟期和完熟期)、粗蛋白含量(整个生育期)、子粒产量等与对照相比差异显著(P0.05);而与全量氮肥(CN)处理相比,其株高(抽穗期、灌浆期和乳熟期)、叶绿素含量(整个生育期)、地上生物量(抽穗期和乳熟期)、主根长度(灌浆期和完熟期)、根体积(抽穗期、灌浆期和完熟期)、地下生物量(整个生育期)、粗蛋白含量(完熟期)虽低于CN处理,但两者间并无显著差异。说明在一定生育期内,半量氮肥+固氮菌肥(1/2CN)处理表现出了与全量氮肥相近的促生效果,即在该地区以"联合固氮菌肥+半量氮肥"的施用方式可以节省一半氮肥(56.25 kg/hm2)。 相似文献
15.
为探究暗管排水条件下盐渍化农田最适宜的水氮制度，在河套灌区暗管布设区开展2年田间试验，设置低水(120 mm, I1)、中水(210 mm, I2)和高水(330 mm, I3)3个灌溉水平及低氮(0 kg/hm2,N1)、中氮(105 kg/hm2,N2)和高氮(210 kg/hm2,N3)3个追氮水平，分析不同水氮组合对土壤脱盐率及向日葵水氮利用效率和产量品质的影响。结果表明：暗管排水条件下，高水中氮(I3N2)的脱盐效果最佳，较其他水氮处理的脱盐率平均提高5.82%。高水(高氮)条件下，产量随着施氮量(灌水量)的增加而升高，其中高水高氮(I3N3)的产量最高，平均为5 129.72 kg/hm2。相同灌水量下，高氮(N3)水平的灌溉水利用效率最高，追氮量越大，肥料偏生产力越低。低水(I1)和中水(I2)条件下高氮(N3)水平最有利于籽仁蛋白质和必需氨基酸的合成。高水(I3)条件下，中氮(N2)水平有利于籽仁蛋白质和必需氨基酸的合成，低氮(N1)水平最有利于籽仁粗脂肪的合成。各灌水水平中，中水(... 相似文献
16.
为探究蛋白质和富含不饱和脂肪酸的过瘤胃脂肪对瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物的影响,选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的晋南阉牛,按照蛋白质需要量的85%、100%和115%设计3个水平,并在此基础上添加0、2.5%、5.0%和7.5%的亚麻油制作的钙皂作为过瘤胃脂肪,采用3×4两因素设计,共形成12组饲粮组合,测定瘤胃pH、氨态氮浓度(NH_3-N)浓度、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量以及尿嘌呤衍生物(PD)的排出量。结果表明,蛋白质和过瘤胃脂肪水平对瘤胃pH均无显著影响。蛋白质水平对NH_3-N浓度影响显著,9组NH_3-N显著高于1、2、3、4和8组,10组显著高于3和8组;对丙酸和乙酸、丁酸、乙酸/丙酸及总酸分别具有极显著和显著影响,5组的乙酸浓度较1、2、3和4组显著提高,9、10和11组瘤胃液中的丙酸浓度较1和2组显著提高,12组较2组显著提高,10组的丁酸浓度显著高于7和8组,1和2组的乙酸/丙酸比值显著高于9、10和11组;对精补料养分有效降解率影响极显著,对秸秆有机物(OM)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)分别具有极显著和显著影响,10组精补料粗蛋白质(CP)瘤胃有效降解率显著高于2、3、4、5、6、7和8组,1、9、11和12组显著高于4、5、6、7和8组;对玉米秸秆中ADF瘤胃有效降解率6、7和8组显著高于除5和12组之外的其余各组,5和12组显著高于除9和11组之外的其余各组;对尿囊素和尿嘌呤衍生物有显著影响,12组的尿囊素和尿嘌呤衍生物显著高于1和4组,11组尿酸显著高于其余组。综上,饲粮蛋白质水平对瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物具有显著影响,饲粮蛋白质水平为饲养标准需要量前提下,过瘤胃脂肪适宜添加量为饲粮的5%。本研究结果为肉牛养殖中日粮过瘤胃脂肪添加量及蛋白质水平提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
17.
氮肥用量对高淀粉玉米和普通玉米吸氮特性及产量和品质的影响 总被引：24，自引：6，他引：24
采用田间试验研究氮肥用量对高淀粉玉米(郑单21)和普通玉米(四密25)吸氮特性及子粒品质产量的影响。结果显示,与普通玉米相比,高淀粉玉米氮素最大吸收速率较大,出现日期早,成熟期吸氮总量高,但其子粒产量却较低。高淀粉玉米子粒中的氮素更多依赖于后期的根系吸收,而较少来源于前期营养体的氮素转移;其淀粉总量、支链淀粉含量较高,而直/支比值较低。在蛋白质及其组分含量上,郑单21含有较高的粗蛋白总量及清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量,但醇溶蛋白含量较低;在脂肪酸及其组成上,虽然郑单21的脂肪酸总量较低,但不饱和脂肪酸比例较高。在各品质组分上,支链淀粉、醇溶蛋白、软脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量对氮肥的反应与淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量和脂肪酸总量的变化趋势基本一致,均随施氮量的增加而增加,但过量施氮则其含量下降。施氮对直链淀粉含量、清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量、硬脂酸、花生酸和亚麻酸无明显影响。 相似文献
18.
施氮量和穗粒肥比例对稻米营养品质及中微量元素含量的影响 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
通过田间试验研究了施氮量和穗粒肥比例对稻米氨基酸和蛋白质含量及Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Mg、Ca含量的影响。结果表明,稻米氨基酸和蛋白质含量均随着施氮量和穗粒肥比例的提高而增加,但施氮量和穗粒肥比例对氨基酸含量的影响程度因品种和氨基酸种类而异。合系39的氨基酸含量受施氮量和穗粒肥比例的影响较滇屯502的大;His、Val、Gly、Pro和Lys受施氮量和穗粒肥比例的影响较大,Ile、Arg、Asp和Glu受施氮量和穗粒肥比例的影响较小。稻米中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Mg、Ca的含量和产量均随着施氮量的增加先上升后下降;从稻谷和蛋白质的产量、6种矿质元素的含量和产量看,供试粳型品种合系39的适宜施氮量较籼型品种滇屯502高。 相似文献
19.
本研究对太湖地区高效除氮紫背浮萍Spirodela polyrrhiza(HZ1)和低效除氮青萍Lemna minor(WX3)的根系分泌物进行了连续收集和分离,并考察了根系分泌物剂量与成分对反硝化细菌荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens脱氮效率的影响。结果发现,两种浮萍根系分泌物总组分均能显著促进P.fluorescens的脱氮效率,但对P.fluorescens的生长无影响。HZ1根系分泌物总组分(HO)促进作用显著高于WX3根系分泌物总组分(WO),这与HZ1对水体的除氮效率高于WX3的结果一致。两种浮萍根系分泌物各组分也有不同的效果,其中仅WX3根系分泌物酸性组分(WA)显著抑制了P.fluorescens的脱氮效率,HZ1根系分泌物不同组分是促进或无作用。总体上,P.fluorescens的脱氮效率随浮萍根系分泌物及其各组分添加剂量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,而WA组分先下降后基本不变,各组分在剂量为1.0%(v/v)时起最大效果。总之,根系分泌物与浮萍–微生物耦合系统的除氮效率密切相关,酸性组分是两种浮萍根系分泌物促进P.fluorescens脱氮效果差异的主要原因。 相似文献
20.
Mulas G Galaffu MG Pretti L Nieddu G Mercenaro L Tonelli R Anedda R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(3):793-802
The goal of this work was to study via NMR the unaltered metabolic profile of Sardinian Vermentino grape berry. Seven selections of Vermentino were harvested from the same vineyard. Berries were stored and extracted following an unbiased extraction protocol. Extracts were analyzed to investigate variability in metabolites concentration as a function of the clone, the position of berries in the bunch or growing area within the vineyard. Quantitative NMR and statistical analysis (PCA, correlation analysis, Anova) of the experimental data point out that, among the investigated sources of variation, the position of the berries within the bunch mainly influences the metabolic profile of berries, while the metabolic profile does not seem to be significantly influenced by growing area and clone. Significant variability of the amino acids such as arginine, proline, and organic acids (malic and citric) characterizes the rapid rearrangements of the metabolic profile in response to environmental stimuli. Finally, an application is described on the analysis of metabolite variation throughout the physiological development of berries. 相似文献