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落叶松人工林土壤腐殖质特征和土壤酶活性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
落叶松人工林土壤腐殖质特征和土壤酶活性的研究阎德仁（内蒙古自治区林科院０１００１０）森林凋落物的蓄积与分解是土壤有机质的主要来源，也是土壤养分归还的主要途径，因此，有机枯落物的转化是人工林养分循环过程的重要组成部分。由于有机凋落物在土壤酶及微生物作用... 相似文献
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森林土壤酶活性的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
<正> 土壤酶参与了土壤中一切复杂的生物化学过程,包括腐殖质的合成和分解,有机化合物、动植物残体的分解,土壤养分的固定与释放,以及氧化还原反应等。因而土壤酶在土壤发生、发育、土壤生命和土壤肥力形成中起着重要作用。近年来土壤酶学领域研究十分活跃,在我国也引起了广泛的重视。美国学者IwanHo曾对森林土壤中的酸性磷酸酶活性进行研究,结果表明,阔叶树红桤木纯林和红桤木、花旗松针阔混交林中的土壤酶活性显著高于针叶树花旗松、黄松、小干松和西方圆柏纯林以及牧草场的土壤酶活性。本文就杉木纯林与杉 相似文献
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自然因子对中国森林土壤碳储量的影响分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文中分析了森林植被、土壤属性、立地条件、气候条件以及凋落物和根系输入等自然因素对中国森林土壤碳储量的影响。森林植物种类组成决定了进入土壤的植物残体量和分解速率,导致土壤有机碳的含量及分布有很大差异。随着林龄的增加,土壤碳储量会呈现增加或产生波动2种情况。土壤理化性质影响土壤有机碳的含量,而土壤碳储量又影响着土壤结构、根系深度、土层特性、有效水分保持能力、土壤生物多样性等; 海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位等立地条件对森林土壤有机碳储量的影响各不相同; 温度、水分、CO2浓度等气候因子在森林土壤有机碳的蓄积过程中起着至关重要的作用; 凋落物和根系对土壤的输入也可以改变土壤碳库。 相似文献
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杉木林土壤渗滤水溶解有机碳含量与迁移 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
森林是陆地生态系统中最重要的碳库,森林土壤中的碳占全球土壤有机碳的73%,在全球碳循环中起着重要作用(David et al.,1988).溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,简称DOC)虽然仅占有机碳的很小部分,但对调节阳离子淋洗、金属溶解、矿物风化、土壤微生物活动以及其他土壤化学、物理和生物学过程具有重要意义. 相似文献
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阔叶树落叶分解过程与土壤动物的作用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文研究了东北３种阔叶树落叶的分解与土壤动物在其分解过程中的作用。结果表明，３种枯叶的重量损失速度排序：水曲柳＞白桦＞蒙古栎。３种枯叶的半分解期及分解９５％所需时间分别为：水曲柳０．４年与１．７年，白桦０．９年与３．９年，蒙古栎为１．９年与８．２年。在枯叶分解过程中起主要作用的大型土壤动物有蚯蚓、线蚓、马陆、腹足类、昆虫及其幼虫；中小型土壤动物有线虫、螨类、弹尾类等３０余种。 相似文献
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近年来 ,随着林区多种经营的发展 ,森林里的枯落层 (包括腐殖质层 )被人们广泛采集 ,加工成苗木基质和花卉营养土 ,以牟其利 ,林区居民也常常将其拢回烧火。这种不负责任的行为虽得利一时 ,但对森林却造成了重大伤害 ,要知道森林枯落层和森林的生长与生活密切相关。1 枯落层是森林营养的“储备库”在森林中 ,每年都在不断地积累着大量的枯枝落叶 ,加上死地被物 ,形成了厚厚的一层枯落层 ,他们经过缓慢氧化分解变成腐殖质 ,将大量的营养物质还给土壤 ,增加了土壤的营养元素 ,改良了土壤的理化性质 ,提高了土壤肥力 ,从而为林木生长创造了良… 相似文献
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帽儿山林场4类天然次生林碳储量研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
运用森林生态学典型样地法设立标准地并获取野外数据,采用重铬酸钾-硫酸氧化湿烧法测定植物、土壤中的碳。通过对帽儿山林场4类天然次生林碳素密度及储量的比较研究,结果表明:1)天然次生林主要树种不同器官中碳素密度变化范围在0.331 6~0.501 4 gc/g之间,枯立木、林下植被、枯枝落叶和半分解的有机残体(A00层)各层的碳素密度差异不大,土壤各层的碳素密度的排列顺序为腐殖质(A0层)>表土层(A层)>亚表土层(B层)。2)硬阔叶林生态系统总的碳储量为261.31 tc/hm2,山杨林生态系统总的碳储量为195.20 tc/hm2,蒙古栎林生态系统总的碳储量为196.41 tc/hm2,白桦林生态系统总的碳储量为143.18tc/hm2。3)天然次生林年平均净碳固定量为4.647tc/hm2.a。 相似文献
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森林凋落物分解过程中酶活性研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
凋落物的分解是生态系统养分循环的重要过程.森林凋落物和土壤中的酶在森林凋落物分解过程中起着重要的作用.本文对森林凋落物分解过程中酶活性的测定方法及影响因素进行了综述,结论为:提取技术的不断提高使得对森林凋落物分解过程中的酶进行定量测定及精确测定其活性成为可能;森林凋落物分解过程中的酶活性受生物因素、非生物因素及凋落物自身化学组成的影响;微生物群落是影响酶活性的主要生物因素,土壤有机质、温度和湿度等是影响酶活性的重要非生物因素;对凋落物分解与酶系统相互作用机制的研究将成为凋落物分解过程中酶活性研究的一个发展趋势. 相似文献
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The nature of different forest plant litters and the effect of their degradation processes on the properties of soil dissolved organic matter is a very important environmental issue in protected areas such as the “Natural Oriented Reserve Bosco delle Pianelle” in Southern Italy, Chemical and spectroscopic techniques were used to evaluate the influence of four different tree covers on the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from litter and surface soil layers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that all litter samples feature a prevalent aromatic character. Ligninolitic components of litters produced by Pinus halepensis L. and a mixture of Quercus trojana Webb. and Q. ilex L. were more degraded than those produced by either Q. ilex or a mixture of Carpinus betulus L. and C. orientalis Miller. The larger C/N ratios of the former litters might account for the greater degradation. Further, a lesser lignin decomposition was shown also for the latter samples, likely due to adverse topographical factors, such as less intense sunlight and greater moisture content. Spectroscopic analysis of litter DOM showed that easily degraded components, such as water-soluble compounds and carbohydrates, were preferentially degraded resulting in DOM that was enriched in lignin-derived compounds. Fluorescence analysis data of all litter DOM samples showed the occurrence of fluorescent units qualitatively similar regardless of plant covering, which suggests that in all cases simple structural components of low-molecular weight and small degree of aromatic polycondensation and content of conjugated chromophores are present. Soil DOM featured several numerous fluorescent units that differ as a function of the parent litter and/or its decomposition processes. Along the soil profiles water-soluble aliphatic compounds of low-molecular weight are found down to the deepest layer, whereas aromatic–ligninolitic compounds are decreasing with depth, probably because of their adsorption by mineral soil components. A greater amount of aromatic units, likely lignin-derived compounds, was found in the DOM from P. halepensis L., which suggested a more extended lignin decomposition. Further, with increasing soil depth, DOM was characterized by a decrease of low-molecular weight organic molecules and lower degree of humification. 相似文献
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The effect of precipitation variation on the chemistry of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) leaf litters was examined by analyzing litters of Mongolia oak saplings under four precipitation gradients. The decomposing
process of these leaf litters in the Mongolian oak dominated forest was assessed using litter bag method. Compared with the
litters of the Mongolian oak saplings from the natural precipitation site (A), litters produced by Mongolian oak from the
driest precipitation gradient (A450) had significantly higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) while lower acid-insoluble fraction
(AIF) concentration. The decomposition study showed that A450 exhibited significantly higher decomposition rate, mineralization rates of N, P and K as well as much shorter N and P net
immobilization periods. On the contrary, litters produced by seedlings from wettest gradient (A850) showed a totally opposite pattern. Litters from saplings that received comparable precipitation (A650) to those at the natural site (A) had significantly higher N concentration and faster decomposition rate as well as release
rates of N, P and K. The mass loss patterns for the four litter types fitted the exponential model and the decay constant
(k) can be well predicted by initial AIF/N. During the decomposition period, N concentration was best related to the percentage
of mass remaining of the litters with relatively higher AIF concentrations and lower N concentrations, but the percentage
of mass remaining of litters with lower AIF concentrations and higher N concentrations correlates strongly with AIF con centration.
Our study proved that changes in precipitation significantly altered the litter quality, and therefore indirectly changed
the decay process of leaf litters.
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Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(2): 261–266 [译自: 应用生态学报] 相似文献
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Water holding effect of subalpine dark coniferous forest soil in Gongga Mountain, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于土壤性质和腐殖质含量的不同,土壤的含水量并不能很好地说明是否适宜植物的生长。本研究以土壤PF(表示土壤的水分状态,与植物的生长发育有密切关系的数值)为主要研究依据,将土壤含水率和PF联系起来,定量研究了贡嘎山地区亚高山暗针叶林不同演替阶段土壤的含水率与PF值之间的相互作用关系。研究结果表明:①在相同的PF时,随着暗针叶林演替的进展,土壤腐殖质层的含水率逐渐增加,即过熟林>成熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。②随着土层深度的增加,土壤容重增加,含水率减小,但各植被演替阶段之间土壤含水率差异并不显著。③植被不同演替系列主要是通过提高其土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重和增加土壤毛管孔隙度等土壤物理特性,改善土壤的蓄水和持水性能。④本区暗针叶林土壤腐殖质层涵养水源作用最为明显。图1表2参15。 相似文献
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杨树刺槐混交林下沙质土壤腐殖物质特性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了沙质土壤种植杨树、刺槐纯林和混交林后土壤腐殖物质特性变化的状况。研究结果表明：与无林地相比，沙地土壤种植树、刺槐纯林和混交林后土壤有机C和腐殖质C增加，土壤胡敏酸的光密度值增大，胡敏酸／富啡酸比值上升，E4和Ec值提高，色调系数（△logK）降低和相对色度（RF）升高，土壤松结合态腐殖物质（Ⅰ）和紧结合态腐殖物质（Ⅲ）以及松／紧（Ⅰ／Ⅲ）比值均有不同程度的增加，土壤稳结合态腐殖质（Ⅱ）的含C量占土壤全C的比例有不同程度的下降，表明土壤腐殖物质的聚合程度提高，腐殖物质的芳香核原子团增多，芳化度和芳化分子复杂程度以及腐殖化程度均得到提高，腐殖物质的品质变佳，土壤熟化度增大，土壤供肥保肥的能力增强，土壤肥力得以提高。培肥土壤的效果以种植杨树枣槐混交林为,其次为刺槐纯林，再次为杨树纯林。 相似文献
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Gustavo álvarez-Arteaga Pavel Krasilnikov Norma Eugenia García-Calderón 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(6):1643-1651
In montane cloud forests (MCF), the main soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is believed to be constituted by organic debris accumulated on soil surface and, to a lesser extent, by the organic fraction associated with the mineral matrix. The vertical distribution of SOC within soil has strong implications on the composition, stabilization and turnover of the soil organic matter (SOM). In ecosystems like MCF, where the climatic and edaphic conditions varied with altitude, the SOM accumulation and stabilization mechanisms possibly respond to these changes. For that reason, we studied the vertical distribution, accumulation and chemical composition of SOM in five montane cloud forest communities located between 1,500 and 2,500?m a.s.l. Two main SOC accumulation patterns were found: one at 1,500, 1,950 and 2,400?m a.s.l., with SOC content gradually decreasing with depth (cumulative); and another at 2,050 and 2,500?m a.s.l. where SOC had a strong maximum in the surface horizon and a less pronounced increase the spodic horizon (eluviation–illuviation pattern). The total SOC pool in soil decreased in inverse relation to altitude from 227?C?ha?1 at 1,500?m a.s.l. down to 143?mg?C?ha?1 at 2,500?m a.s.l. About 40–60?% of total SOC content corresponded to the surficial organic horizon. The chemical fractionation of the SOM denoted in general predominance of the fulvic acid fraction, and high content of humin and humic acid fractions. We considered that the main SOC vertical distribution processes were related to the raw humus accumulation, decomposition in situ, podzolization in the eluviation–illuviation pattern soils mainly. 相似文献
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沙棘林改土培肥作用的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对沙棘林土壤及枯枝落叶营养状况的测定,结果表明,不同地区、不同林龄沙棘林地土壤和枯枝落叶营养元素含量差异不大,林地土壤中N全、P全、K全、Ca++、Mg++的含量分别为O.0306%-O.2902%、O.0843%-O.1779%、2.1274%-2.8207%,0.0026%-0.0182%、1.3375%×10-4-6.9385%×10-4;N速、P速、K速、CEC值分别为15.167%-52.267%、2.5747%-l4.l980%、78.8735%-33.4135%、8.1860-25.2595mg/kg。枯枝落叶的N全、P全、K全、Ca++、Mg++分别为1.2696%-11.6694%、0.0576%-0.1283%、0.6250%-0.9823%,2.0643%-3.8821%、0.2187%-0.3143%,且不同土层和林龄表现出不同的规律性;沙棘林地土壤中有机质与N、P、K相关性最为密切。沙棘林地营养含量比相应的农田和草地的高得多,表现出明显的改土培肥作用。 相似文献
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杨树、水杉林带枯落物对土壤微生物C、N的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
杨树 (Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｐｐ .)、水杉 (Ｍｅｔａｓｅｑｕｏｉａｇｌｙｐｔｏｓｔｒｏｂｏｉｄｅｓ)是我国亚热带滨海盐土的重要造林树种 ,它们生长快且能耐轻度盐碱 ,因此常被作为这一地区复合农林业的理想树种 (钟哲科等 ,1 996 )。由于滨海地区处于陆地和海洋的交界处 ,自然环境较为恶劣 ,自然灾害频繁 ,因此复合农林业系统的研究和应用已成为保障这一地区农业持续稳定发展的重要措施。关于林木对小气候调节、改善生态环境等研究已有不少报道 ,但关于林木枯落物在复合农林业系统中对土壤微生物的作用 ,研究仍很少。植物枯落物是复合农林… 相似文献
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凋落物是森林生态系统中养分归还的主要形式,其分解决定着土壤有机物质的存储与周转。随着全球变暖日趋明显,气候变暖对森林凋落物的影响引起了人们的极大关注,取得了较多研究成果,但部分研究结果仍存在争议,研究亟待加强。文中分别从凋落物产量、结构和组成、分解速率等方面综述全球变暖对森林凋落物影响的研究进展,比较了全球变暖不同模拟研究方法的优缺点,提出统一研究方法、加强长期动态观测、强化森林凋落物对环境变化的适应机制研究等建议,以期为全面精准评估全球变暖对森林凋落物的影响提供科学参考。 相似文献
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The purpose of this research was to study the influence of the vegetation on the soil C pool of forests of pines (Pinus sylvestris) and oaks (Quercus pyrenaica), located in Central-Western Spain. Horizons from selected soils located in these forests were sampled, and the soil organic
C (SOC) was determined. In addition, in vitro incubation experiments were carried out, under controlled conditions, to monitor
the stability of SOC against the microbial activity. Soil humus fractions were isolated following a classical procedure of
chemical fractionation using alkaline solutions, before and after the incubation experiment. A deeper O horizon was found under the pine forest than under oak one; however, higher SOC content was found in the oak site than that
under pine one. During the in vitro mineralization process, a lower CO2 production by the soil sample from pine forest was observed, in relation to that emitted by the oak soil. In addition, a
lower humification degree was estimated for the soil humus under pines than for that under oaks. In conclusion, replacement
of oaks by pines produced a decrease in SOC accumulation and a lower quality of humus in the forest soils. 相似文献