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1.
At the Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg the specific weight of 121 apple varieties from the own variety collection was measured by a hydrostatic method (Archimedes principle) from 2007 to 2013. For this purpose samples of 10 apples per cultivar were collected mainly from the sites of Laimburg (220?m asl) and Laces (700 meters asl) and were examined annually at the same period with uniform fruits equal in size. The cultivars could be classified in specific weight classes from 0.75 to 0.91?g/cm3. 76% of the varieties were assigned to the middle classes since they had specific weights ranging from 0.80 to 0.86?g/cm3. ‘Golden Delicious’ was included within the specific “very light” varieties while ‘Braeburn’, ‘Nicoter Kanzi®’ and ‘Scifresh Jazz®’ were classified as “very heavy” varieties. The year and location do not significantly influence the specific weight, since this parameter depends rather on genetically caused factors such as the intercellular volume and the dry matter content of the fruit. The specific gravity can be an interesting complementary information to describe an apple variety.  相似文献   

2.
In the organic production of fruits there are 30% lower yields than in the conventional or integrated production. Changes concerning plant protection, weed control and N-fertilization are discussed to be possible causes. In the presented trials the influence of organic N-fertilizers on growth and yield of the apple-variety ‘Jonagold’ is investigated. The organic fertilizers “Vinasse” (product resulting from the converting of sugar-beet molasses), “Haarmehlpellets” (pellets of grounded pig bristles), “Rizinusschrot” (grist of the seed of Ricinius communis), “Rapsschrot” (coarse colza meal), “Phytopearls” (residue of maize converting), “Maltaflor” (malt germs and “Vinasse”) and manure were proved. Also the mineral N-fertilizers calcium-ammonium-nitrate and compost were used. The tests were made both in an orchard with integrated production (location Osnabrück) and in an orchard with organic production (location Jork). All tested fertilizers had no influence on the growth and yield of the apple variety ‘Jonagold’. The annual N-uptake of apple-trees in their years of highest yield adds up to 90 and 100?kg?N/ha. This consumption was met by the N-supply of the soil (Nmin in Feb./March + N-mineralisation) on both locations. To prevent a possible temporary N-deficit in the first half of the vegetation period a fertilization (30?kg?N/ha) is suggested with organic fertilizers, which release a high N-amount at the latest from the second year of utilization.  相似文献   

3.
M. Blanke 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(4):245-252
In times of recession with a 7–10% inflation rate, drop in consumption and loss in value of the Real currency, Brazil as the third largest fruit producer with 46 mil t fruit on 2.2 mil ha (2013), exports ca. 3% of its production worth ca. 765 mil (2013) – 807 (2014) US $, of which 80% is destined for Europe – the fruit export target for the future is 1 bil US $. Apple (cv. ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’) production under Southern hemisphere conditions (26–31°S) in Brazil rose from 0.6 mil t in 2002, peaked at 1.4 million t on 39,600?ha in 2011/12, declining in 2012/13 to 1.05 mil t due to orchard reductions in Fraiburgo as a result of lack of chilling, 1.16 mil t in both 20131/4 and 2014/15 and then 0.8 mil t in 2015/16 on 36,090?ha, resembling average apple yields in Germany on 31,400?ha.Apple orchards are essentially free of fire blight and codling moth, but with 1700?mm annual precipitation, they are affected by the scab and Glomorella fungi. Climate change affects apple production: Lack of chilling, caused by cold winters, induces vertical vegetative branches, flat speckled fruit with long pedicels (fruit stalks; cv. ‘Gala’), sunburn (cv. ‘Fuji’). Warm autumns result in a lack of fruit colouration in both varieties and prevent the cultivation of high chill apples, pears and plums.Three major fruit, orange (7.5?kg), banana (6.8?kg) and apple (cvs ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’; 4.2?kg apples/head/year; 2014) dominate the overall fruit consumption of 31.4?kg fruit/head/year compared with 36?kg beef, 34?kg pork and ca. 10?kg poultry resulting in ca. 80?kg meat/head/year in Brazil.In the last three years, a new range of storable apple varieties like ‘Venice’ and ’Daiane’ as well as ‘M 58/07’ and ‘M 10/09 – these latter two, still without a variety name – have been, like ’Eva’ added to the existing new breeds from EMBRAPA as very early variety (harvest in January; low chill; 150 CH) and to the summer varieties ‘Condessa’, ’Monalisa’ and ’Princesa’ (all 300–450 CH) without storability; red mutants of ‘Gala‘ (‘Gala, Maxi’ from RASIP) and of cv. ‘Fuji’ (‘Fuji Suprema’) both with 500–600 CH have been bred for growing in Brazil’s higher altitudes. The new cultivars provide medium-sized fruit, bright red peel colour and sweet taste with little acid and a sugar: acid ratio of 25–55:1, as required by Brazil’s domestic market, but so far lack market acceptance and a marketing concept.  相似文献   

4.
Plum and apple trees are the most widely spread fruit trees in south-eastern Europe. The main purpose of this paper is to characterize the spatial distribution of roots in medium and course textured soils to improve orchard management. ’Stanley’ plum cultivar grafted on Saint Julien A semi-dwarf rootstock and ’Topaz’ apple cultivar grafted on M.9 dwarf rootstock were studied in a temperate climate and medium and course textured soils. The trench technique was used. There was an intense concentration of roots near the trees and the roots did not occupy the whole soil space between tree rows. The finest tree roots in both species were prevalent. Root density was higher in tree rows versus inter-rows. Both the inter-row and in-row distances can be reduced to increase tree density if light penetration into canopy is sufficient. When a full irrigation regime is applied, a soil depth of 0.8?m would be sufficient for water application, and soil depths of 0.4 to 0.6?m would be recommended for deficit irrigation; water and fertilizers should only be applied over the surface area covering most of the roots. When a more strict control on root activity is desired, the tree roots could be cut vertically at 0.5–0.8?m distance from tree rows. The results could also be used in regions and countries with similar soil texture and climate conditions.  相似文献   

5.
Early ripening sweet cherry cvs ‘Burlat’, ‘Earlise’, ‘Samba’, ‘Souvenir des Charmes’ and clone M, which are all characterised by large fruit size and dark red fruit, on GiSelA 5 rootstock were forced – by closing a polytunnel from 24 March to 20 April 2006 – at Klein-Altendorf research station of Bonn University. A portable gas heater was used for automated frost protection in April. An adjacent uncovered planting at the same spacing of 3.8?m?×?1.75?m served as control. Forcing resulted in a 16–18 days earlier flowering in April relative to the 12–16 days earlier harvest at the beginning of June, resulting in a 2–4 days longer fruit development and retarded ripening. PAR was reduced in the polytunnel by 40% on sunny and 30% on overcast days with a concurrent drop in the humidity to 30% on sunny and 40% on overcast days and nearly 100% relative humidity at night. Polytunnel air temperatures on sunny days were increased – during ventilation – by up to 6?°C relative to the outside, e.g. 33?°C versus 27?°C outside. Forced cherries saved one spray application against aphids compared to those outside. Fully-grown cherry leaves contained 40–60?mg chlorophyll/g FM sufficient for photosynthesis with commensurate chlorophyll contents when grown in the polytunnel compared with those outside, and were deficient in calcium (0.5% DM) and magnesium (0.2% DM), but with a surplus in both nitrogen (3.5% DM) and phosphorus (0.42% DM). The surplus leaf nitrogen was due to excessive nitrogen mineralization in the rich soil under the higher temperatures in the polytunnel which caused the vigorous vegetative growth despite the dwarfing rootstock. Great fluctuations in fertilisation – despite strong flowering and sufficient pollination with honey bees – of between 4–71% may be due to the combination of S-alleles of the cherry varieties, infrequent water supply, nutrient imbalance and microclimate. Trees of cv. ‘Burlat’, ‘Earlise’ and clone M in their fourth leaf yielded an average of 2.5–7.5?kg fruit with 15?kg/tree in one case. Fruit of forced cvs. ‘Burlat’, ‘Souvenir’ and ‘Samba’ were larger compared with those of cv. ‘Earlise’ and clone M, which were smaller as a result of increased fruit load on the tree than those from uncovered control trees. For all five cvs tested, except forced cv. ‘Earlise’, a fruit mass of between 10?g (28?mm ) and 12?g (30?mm) and a sugar content of 12–17% with sugar:acid ratios of 20–37:1 made their fruit suitable for marketing as superior or premium fruit at higher farm-gate prices of 4.5–8?€/kg. Fruits were sufficiently dark red or black and firm for short distance transport and rapid sale. An economic evaluation showed financial gains, when yields exceed 8?kg fruit per tree per year at a farm-gate price of 4.50?€/kg.  相似文献   

6.
Fruits of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) show high rates of transpiration. Consequently, they are highly perishable fruit. In the present study, the potential of an edible coating (Versasheen®-based with sorbitol as plasticizer) to improve storage life and keeping quality was evaluated on fruit of the plum cultivars ‘Jojo’ and ‘Tophit plus’. Plums were picked at commercial harvest date and stored at 2?±?0.5?°C (90?±?2% rh) for up to 28?d plus 2?d at 20?°C to simulate shelf life. Every seventh day, plums were analysed for transpiration, colour changes and laser light backscattering imaging (LLBI) at a wavelength of 785?nm to non-destructively investigate variations in quality properties of plums. Finally, fruit flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity were determined destructively. Results indicated that coating of fruit of both cultivars increased their surface resistance against water vapour transfer resulting in lower transpiration rates and thus lower mass losses compared to controls. Consequently, coating of fruit considerably delayed the decrease in flesh firmness. Moreover, edible coating retarded the increase of FWHM785 in coated plums. In this context, FWHM785 proved as a rapid and non-destructive tool to monitor changes in mechanical properties in heavily coloured plums. Results highlight that edible coatings successfully extend post-harvest life of plums.  相似文献   

7.
李品种选育研究进展   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
主要李生产国通过有性杂交育种已经成功地选育出一批具有早中晚熟,丰产,果肉硬,中大果型,抗寒和耐低温的中国李(Prunus salicina)优良品种。欧洲李(P.domestica)的品种选育倍受欧美一些国家的重视,先后选育出果皮蓝、紫、黄、红色,含糖量高,抗寒,自花结实和极丰产的品种。除中国李与中国李和欧洲李与欧洲李的种内杂交外,中国李、樱桃李、杏李、比西砂樱李、美洲李、狭叶李、果酱李、雁李和加拿大李之间已经杂交成功,并获得杂种单株。已经从樱桃李、中国李、杏李和比西樱李与杏和梅杂交后代中选育出一些较好的种间杂交栽培品种。还介绍了国内外目前新品种的育种目标。  相似文献   

8.
Horticulture Korea today earns 10 billion euros, to which fruit contributes 2.6 billion euros and vegetable production 6.7 billion euros. Apple, kaki, nashi, grape and Citrus contribute 100,000?ha to the overall fruit acreage of 188,000?ha. Koreas fruit industry stagnates and lacks trainees. The consolidation in the apple industry in the last ten years from 53,000?ha in 1995 to 26,000?ha today was due to over-sized aged trees on vigorous rootstocks and – by Asian standard – small-sized, sour, green and low-priced apple varieties like ‘Golden Delicious’. The new Korean cultivars ‘Hongro’ (12%) and ‘Kamhong’ (3%) supersede – apart from the major cv. ‘Fuji’ with a 65 % market share- late ripening and poorly coloured Japanese cv. ‘Tsugaru’ (8%) and ‘Kogetsu’ (5%). Apple harvest extends from August until mid November. The 200,000?t strawberries are from protected cultivation on 7,000?ha. Korea produces 2.3 million t fruit and is largely self-sufficient (84%) for fruit, except for bananas and Citrus, with 440,000?t imports and 33,000?t exports (Satsuma mandarins and Nashi to Taiwan and Japan) and 92% self-sufficiency for vegetables. Fruit consumption of 56?kg/head is half that in Germany with 120?kg/head and vegetable consumption with 170?kg/ha twice that in Germany of 90?kg/head. Apart from university research, the rural development agency (RDA) comprises a central horticultural research institute (NHRI) in Suwon with a dedicated apple (Gunwi, Daegu) and nashi (Naju) research station with extension service. Apples, peaches and nashi are bagged, particularly for export, to fulfil the fruit quality requirements. These comprise a cosmetic skin finish free of blemishes and lenticels, 250–400?g fruit mass, (dark) red colouration and sweet (13–18?° Brix) taste without acidity (0.3–0.4%), resulting in a sugar acid ratio of ca. 43?:?1 with farmgate prices of 2.4?€/kg and retail prices of 2.8–4.8?€/fruit. Historic, Japan inflicted, measures such as defoliating of fruit-bearing branches and bagging to protect the peel, which will be consequently removed with valuable nutrients, are now being questioned and re-considered. Overhead irrigation protects the orchards from frost and hence prevents alternate bearing. Korean apple orchards are devoid of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), apple canker (Nectria galligena) and fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), despite large annual precipitation of 1,000–1,500?mm, and hence require few pesticides. With farm sizes of 0.8?ha, the 41,000 fruit farmers are not very mechanised; 3% of them subscribe to organic farming and a quarter to a voluntary IFP scheme. GAP is discussed, but QS-EUREP GAP quality schemes are not implemented given the large farm number and few fruit exports.  相似文献   

9.
In organic farming only organic N-fertilizers are allowed. They have to be mineralized by soil biota before they become effective for the plant. There are a number of different organic N-fertilizers offered commercially in order to allow for a precise management of the N-supply to plants in organic farming. We tested the effects of the fertilizers “Vinasse” (product resulting from sugar-beet molasses), “Haarmehlpellets” (pellets of grounded pig bristles), “Rizinusschrot” (grist of Ricinus communis seeds), “Phytopearls” (from maize conversion), “Maltaflor” (malt germs and “Vinasse”), “Horndünger” (horn parings) and manure on soil respiration, soil animal feeding activity, earthworm abundance, microbial biomass and the Cmic/Nmic-ratio in tree nurseries and apple fruit production under organic vs. integrated management respectively. The investigations were part of a two year lasting project regarding yield effects and N-turnover that has already been reported in this journal (vol. 48/3: Dierend et al. 2006a, 2006b, Schacht et al. 2006). Significant differences between fertilized plots and unfertilized control plots were observed only at one of the four sites (Jork, organic fruit production) in soil respiration and in soil animal feeding activity. There were no significant differences in the soil biological parameters between plots that had received different types of organic fertilizers. There were also no significant differences between different levels of fertilizer application which were ranging from 30 to 135?kg N/ha. The soils from the four investigation sites differed significantly in their biological status. At the tree nurseries there were only few earthworms (ca. 15/m2) and a low microbial biomass (105 ... 190?mg Cmik/kg dry soil). The soils under fruit production were more intensively colonized by soil organisms, according to the lower degree of soil disturbance in these cultures. In tree nursery as well as in fruit production the soils under organic management had higher microbial biomasses and a wider ratio of C to N in the microbial biomass compared to their counterparts with integrated management. This is indicating that there is a stronger tendency to incorporate additional N into the microbial biomass in the organically managed soils. If there is a high activity of (endogeic) earthworms the nutrients are quickly remobilized and so become available for the plants.  相似文献   

10.
To the tenth leaf the influence of two planting systems on yield and fruit size of pear cultivars ‘Conference, 202’ and ‘Alexander Lucas’ grafted on the rootstocks Quince A (MA) and Quince C (MC) was investigated. The planting systems “Slender Spindle” (3.25?×?1.25 m) and “Güttinger-V-System” (3.50?×?0.60 m) were compared. The “Güttinger-V-System” led to higher yields than the planting system “Slender Spindle”. In average of both cultivars and rootstocks the difference between the planting systems amounted to 75.9 t/ha from the third to the tenth leaf. To the additional yield of the “Güttinger-V-System” face additional costs for the installation of the orchard and for the formation of crown. Thus the decision for this planting system will be influenced in a high measure from the producer price.  相似文献   

11.
The fruit set on plum trees decreased greatly with increase in distance from pollinizer trees, and less so with increase in distance from honey-bee colonies. Trees adjacent to pollinizers had a greater set on the sides facing the pollinizers than on their far sides. Parts of trees touching “ bouquets ” had a greater set than parts without bouquets.

In an apple orchard with main variety and pollinizer trees in separate blocks, the fruit set was greater on the main variety trees adjacent to the pollinizers than on trees farther away. In an apple orchard with a pollinizer tree as every third tree in every third row, main variety trees had a greater fruit set, more seeds per fruit, and more carpels with seeds per fruit, on the sides near to their adjacent pollinizers than on their far sides. The fruit set, number of seeds per fruit, and number of carpels with seed per fruit, were greater the nearer the trees were to the adjacent pollinizer.

These results are discussed in relation to the foraging behaviour of honey-bees and to methods of arranging pollinizer and main variety trees in orchards.  相似文献   

12.
From 2001 to 2005 the influence of the dwarfed apple rootstocks M?9 (clone: Burgmer 984), Fleuren 56, Supporter 1, P?16, P?22, J-TE-F, J-TE-E and M?27 on growth, yield and fruit size of the apple varieties ‘Elstar, Elshof’, ‘Boskoop, Herr’ and ‘Jonagored’ was investigated on the locations Auweiler, Dresden-Pillnitz, Osnabrück and Wurzen in Germany.All rootstocks induced a less vegetative growth as the rootstock M?9. In comparison with M?9 the crown volume of the trees ranged from 92% (Supporter 1) to 52% (M?27). The highest yield potential showed the rootstock P?16. Her specific yield (kg/m3) was 17% higher than the specific yield of M?9. All rootstocks produced a lower individual fruit size as M?9. J-TE-E and J-TE-F produced the lowest specific yield.  相似文献   

13.
ISSR molecular marker was used to investigate genetic diversity of ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes of Mashhad Esteghlal orchard and its relationship with other commercial and native cultivars of pear. Among ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes of Mashhad Esteghlal orchard 23 genotypes were selected base on difference in tree vigor, leaf color, shape and color of fruit and also 33 other commercial and native pear cultivars from Esteghlal orchard and other Mashhad commercial orchards were studied. A total number of 230 DNA fragments were obtained using 11 primers of which 225 were polymorphic. On average, each primer produced 20.9 bands. Dice similarity coefficient ranged from 0.27 (between ‘Dom Kaj’ and Asian pear) to 1 (between ‘Dare Gazi’ 1 and 2 genotypes). Sample cluster dendrogram indicated that 56 genotypes were divided into 12 distinct clusters. The dendogram generated on the principle of Unweight Pair Wise Method using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) was constructed by Dice coefficient and the genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters. ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes did not show 100% similarity due to seed propagation or mutation, as ‘Dare Gazi’ 3 and 18 genotypes had the lowest similarity coefficient (0.64). Asian pears were placed in a separate group from European pears. And ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes from different orchards were grouped separately, but all of them are called as ‘Dare Gazi’ pear for convenience. ISSR molecular marker can well identify the genetic variability among genotypes and cultivars and found suitable for grouping them.  相似文献   

14.
The 23% consolidation of China's strawberry industry from 70,000?ha in 2005 to 53,000?ha in 2006 due to extreme climate conditions reduced production from 840,000?t to 650,000?t. This tonnage includes a 40% market share for processing for the home market (150,000– 190,000?t) and frozen fruit for both the home market and export (70,000–90,000?t) and makes China the world's third largest strawberry producer after the US and Europe. Strawberry cultivation in China is characterised by family smallholders with an averaged acreage of ca. 2,000?m2 and salaries of 2?euros/person/day for hired labour resulting in ca. 500?euros/1,000?m2 gross return. The major growing regions are the provinces Hebei (near Baoding), Shandong, Liaoning with an acreage of ca. 10,000?ha each. Strawberry plants and varieties are imported, but new Chinese varieties such as ‘Chun Xing’, ‘Xing Du 1 and 2’, ‘Xuemi’ and ‘Chun Xu’ are increasingly grown. The Chinese varieties are characterised by their sweet flavour with low acidity, a pre-requisite for the Asian market, and good taste and are adapted to the respective growing climate. A portion of the strawberry harvest is used for processing due to insufficient external fruit quality such as size, shape and colour by European standard. Strawberry research in China is spread between 9 institutions and universities throughout the country. Strawberries were regarded as exclusive desert and luxury for the upper class during the ten years of the cultural revolution between 1966–1976 under Mao Zedong. Today, fresh strawberries are sold in street markets or supermarkets. Import of strawberry fruit is prohibited, except for Hongkong, which imports 2,200?t from China and the US. China's export of 76,000?t in 2005, equivalent to a 9–10% export rate, was shipped to Japan (11,000?t) and Germany (8,700?t) with dumping prices below 50?cent/kg.  相似文献   

15.
Maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) has been suggested as an appropriate indicator of plant water status because it is closely related to stem water potential. Interaction of MDS and fruit quality was studied in plum (Prunus domestica L. ‘Jojo’/Wavit and ‘Tophit plus’/Wavit) in temperate climate. According to the MDS data, trees were grouped as low MDS (LMDS) and high MDS (HMDS). Fruit quality was analysed during fruit development (95, 103, 117 DAFB for ‘Jojo’ and 99, 112, 121 DAFB for ‘Tophit plus’) before commercial harvest. Fruit picked at commercial harvest (137 DAFB and 140 DAFB for ‘Jojo’ and ‘Tophit plus’, respectively) were stored at 2 ± 0.5?°C (90 ± 2% RH) for 28 days, and 2 days shelf life at 20?°C providing 6 measuring dates postharvest. Results confirmed that MDS was positively correlated with water vapour pressure deficit also in the apparent temperate, semi-humid climate. Transpiration of fruit from high crop load and resulting HMDS trees, which can be assessed as physiologically drought, was low compared to that of fruit from LMDS trees. Furthermore, HMDS tree grown plums had enhanced soluble solids and dry matter contents with a tendency of reduced fruit size.  相似文献   

16.
 ‘美林黄’系从实生梅中选育出的果梅新品种, 表现为基枝上布满短枝, 树冠紧凑, 早果, 丰产稳产, 果熟前不易落果。果实适于加工供出口的盐渍梅。外贸梅制品达到MA等级率为98.46%。鲜果与梅干之比为1.89∶1。产品性状与加工性能优良。  相似文献   

17.
To the 11th leaf the influence of two planting systems on yield and fruit size of apple cultivars ‘Golden Delicious, Weinsberg’ and ‘Jonagold, Rubinstar’ grafted on the dwarfed rootstocks M 9 and P 16 was investigated. The planting systems “Slender Spindle” (3.25 × 1.25 m) and “Güttinger-V-System” (3.50 × 0.60 m) were compared. In average of both cultivars and rootstocks the “Güttinger-V-System” let to significantly higher yields than the planting system “Slender Spindle”. The difference between the planting systems amounted to 121.7 t/ha from the 3rd to the 11th leaf. In this period the annual per-hectare yield of the “Güttinger-V-System” was in average 13.5 t higher than the yield of the “Slender Spindle”. The simple fruit weight of the 3rd to the 11th leaf was affected by the planting system. For both rootstocks and cultivars the simple fruit weight of the “Slender Spindle” was significantly higher than that of the “Güttinger-V-System”. However the fruit size sorting showed for both cultivars no mentioning differences between the planting systems. To the additional yield of the “Güttinger-V-System” face additional costs for the installation of the orchard and for the formation of crown. Thus the decision for this planting system will be influenced in a high measure from the producer price.  相似文献   

18.

During three consecutive years we investigated the influence of seedlings of Myrobalan, Stanley and Green Gage as rootstocks on main fruit physical and chemical properties of four European plums (‘?a?anska Rana’, ‘?a?anska Lepotica’, ‘?a?anski ?e?er’ and ‘Stanley’) grown under ecological conditions of ?a?ak (Serbia). Results showed that significant differences in most properties such as fruit weight (FW) and its size and shape, stone weight (SW), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), total sugars (TS), ripening index (RI) and sweetness index (IS) were examined among rootstocks. Influence of these rootstock on flesh rate (FRa) or flesh/stone ratio in cultivars evaluated was not significant. In the case of ‘?a?anska Lepotica’, rootstocks had not capacity to change sphericity (φ) and TA. Seedlings of Myrobalan improved only SW in ‘?a?anski ?e?er’ and TA in all cultivars. In all other cases this rootstock decreased values of evaluated traits. The best fruit physical and chemical properties of plums were achieved by seedlings of Green Gage and Stanley alone or alongside. Despite the higher TA contents in fruits on Myrobalan and its tendency to induce higher SW in some cultivars, the smaller sized fruits together with the less attractive fruit shape resulted in a non-interesting rootstock for plums in our growing conditions. Interesting and positive behavior of cultivars were found for quality parameters when grafted on seedlings of Green Gage and Stanley, respectively.

  相似文献   

19.
In autumn 2008, in the research orchard of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, the apple cultivar ‘Topaz’ was planted on the rootstocks M9 (clone T337) with and without ‘Rubinola’ as interstem, M26, M7 grafted at 25?cm and at 55?cm respectively, M111 and ‘Bittenfelder seedling’, trained as spindles and tested for eight years according to organic production rules. The trees on seeding grew very vigorously, followed by MM111 and M7 normally grafted; the M7 highly grafted trees showed less vigor, comparable with M26, while the trees on M9 with and without interstem grew very weakly. Tree losses were only observed on M9 without interstem. The highest yields per hectare were found on M7 normally grafted, followed by M26, M7 highly grafted and M9 without interstem. M7 highly grafted showed the highest single fruit weights, followed by MM111, at the other end were M9 with and without interstem, and M26. The rootstock M7 grafted at 55?cm combines a medium growth with high yield and good fruit quality and therefore can be recommended for dry areas like our site. M9 without interstem showed a higher specific yield and fruit firmness after storage compared to the variant with interstem. Whether these advantages for ‘Topaz’ on M9 can be combined with a higher grafting height as effective preventive method to control Phytophthora cactorum, has to be examined in further research.  相似文献   

20.
朱玉芳  王齐瑞 《北方园艺》2011,(19):198-200
针对城郊型观光葡萄园的特点,从品种选择、果园模式、架式和效益估算几方面,对城郊观光型葡萄园进行研究分析.指出了葡萄早实、丰产、高效及其树种优势和产业特点,非常适于城郊观光园型果树种植,城郊观光型葡萄园建设也为城郊农业生产结构调整提供一个新思路.  相似文献   

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