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1.
‘国光’、‘金冠’、‘红星’、‘倭巾’、‘青香蕉’、‘大国光’等是我国主要栽培的苹果品种:其中‘国光’在辽宁省占比重60%—70%,在山东及黄河故道地区占30%—40%,虽然‘国光’在辽东半岛和胶东半岛适应性强、产量高、耐贮藏,但果个小,着色差在国际市场上缺乏竞争力,而且在黄河故道地区裂果严重,急需进行更新,‘金冠’、‘红星’贮藏性差、‘倭巾’、‘青香蕉’、‘大国光’品质不良,作者根据苹果发展趋势和我国具体条件提出一套更新品种组合.认为‘红富士’、‘华冠’(‘金冠’ב富士’)和‘华帅’(‘富士’ב新红星’)应是我国今后主要更新的品种,三者在生产中所占比重应在80%—90%,后两个品种,一个可代替‘金冠’,一个则代替‘红星’.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

This research was conducted in 1997 and 1998 to investigate the effects of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (5, 10, and 15 ppm), Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) (750, 1000, and 1250 ppm), and NAA + Carbaryl (5 + 750, 7.5 + 750, and 10 + 750 ppm) applications on the return bloom of some standard apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grafted on MM106 rootstock. Of these applications, 750 ppm Carbaryl for ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’, 1250 ppm Carbaryl for ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, and 5 ppm NAA for ‘Jonagold’ increased the mean number of flower buds significantly, compared with the control treatments. The other treatments of Carbaryl, NAA, and NAA + Carbaryl also increased the mean number of flower buds in a nonsignificant sense with a few exception. A negative correlation between the final fruit set and the mean number of next year's flower buds was found for three cultivars. The correlation coefficients were r = ?0.5150 (P< 0.05), r = ? 0.6999 (P< 0.05), r = ?0.0335 for ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’, and ‘Jonagold’ cultivars, respectively. However, this relationship was positive and nonsignificant for ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ (r = 0.1980).  相似文献   

3.
Post-bloom gibberellin sprays increased fruit length:diameter (L/D) ratio and juice soluble solids but did not influence flesh firmness of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples grown in a maritime (Québec) or desert (Okanagan Valley, B.C.) climate. Irrespective of GA treatment, ‘exterior’ fruit at both Canadian locations was larger, yellower, exhibited less russet, and contained more soluble solids at harvest than ‘interior’ fruit. Fruit shape (L/D ratio) was not influenced by position of the fruit within the canopy. Correlation analyses showed that surface russet development is poorly related to seed set, fruit size and other measures of fruit quality. However, a correlation matrix examining the degree of interrelatedness of all fruit size, fruit development and fruit quality indices revealed other relationships that may provide clues to understanding the relationship between fruit growth and quality development of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to determine the king versus lateral fruit thinning effects on yield and fruit quality of ‘Elstar’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, ‘Ultra Red’, ‘Topred’, and ‘Jonagold’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grafted on MM106 rootstock in 2002-2003. Removal of the king fruit (KFR) treatment partially increased the yield in ‘Jonagold’, ‘Elstar’, and ‘Granny Smith’ cultivars while the effects were different by years in “Starkrimson Delicious”. Leaving of the king fruit (KFL) treatment gave better results in the ‘Topred’ cultivar, and similar effects were obtained from both treatments in ‘Ultra Red’ cultivar. Non-significant differences were obtained from both treatments with respect to fruit weight in the ‘Topred’, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Granny Smith’ cultivars. Leaving of the king fruit treatment increased the fruit weight significantly in ‘Elstar’ and ‘Ultra Red’ cultivars in 2002. The values of fruit flesh firmness (lb), total soluble solids content (%), pH, titratable acidity (%), total and invert sugar quantity (g/100 g?1) were not found to be significantly different between the treatments with a few exceptions. The ‘KFR’ treatment that removed the dominant effect of the king fruit can be recommended for the ‘Elstar’ and ‘Jonagold’ cultivars because this treatment increased the yield and did not decreased the fruit weight significantly in these cultivars except for ‘Elstar’ in 2002. On the other hand ‘KFL’ treatment can be recommended for the ‘Granny Smith’, Topred’ and ‘Ultra Red’ cultivars. Although this treatment decreased the yield of ‘Granny Smith’ it increased the mean fruit weight 45.6-62.7 g in the two experiment years. ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ did not show clear response to the treatments.  相似文献   

5.
This study was conducted to determine effect of different treatments on branching of one-year-old ‘Fuji’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Red Delicious, Red Chief’ trees which grafted on M9 rootstock. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas BA-8) strain, 6?Benzyl Adenin (BA) and pinching were used to promote branching. The BA (300?ppm) and BA-8 (109CFU/ml) were applied to first twenty centimeters of the top part of trees. The BA, BA-8 and Pinching was applied to trees at 75?cm in length. According to our results, BA-8 and pinching increased number of branches compared to control and BA treatments for all cultivars. BA-8 increased number of branches in ‘Fuji’, ‘Red Delicious, Red Chief’ and ‘Granny Smith’ from 2.71, 1.70 to 4.25 branches/tree, respectively while pinching increased 1,95 branches/tree in ‘Red Delicious, Red Chief’ and 4,01 branches/tree. The highest branch’s angle was obtained from BA-8 bacteria in ‘Fuji’ (64.46°), and ‘Red Delicious, Red Chief’ (52.08°) and ‘Granny Smith’ (56.91°). BA-8 bacteria treatment was found alternative practice instead of pinching in terms of branching performance.  相似文献   

6.
不同品种苹果幼果期冻害比较及补救措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以豫西地区果园5个不同苹果品种幼果为材料,比较果实的受冻情况。结果表明,不同品种间幼果的受冻程度存在明显差异,‘金冠’和‘瑞雪’受冻程度较轻,分别为37.5%和38.5%,‘嘎拉’受冻率次之,为61.0%,而‘富士’和‘红星’的受冻比例最大,达到78.0%和77.5%。同时,提出相关冻害补救措施,为苹果冻害防治提供技术参考。  相似文献   

7.
The consumer acceptance and the quality standard of agricultural products such as apple are determined mostly by their colour. Colour is measured with a colorimeter and quantified using the C.I.E. L*, a*, b* colour space system. It is used commonly by researchers for the classification and identification of apple fruit. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study investigating the prediction of some colour properties of six apple varieties through artificial neural networks (ANN). The apple varieties are ‘Amasya’, ‘Starking’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Pink Lady’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Arapk?z?’ and the colour properties are L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), C* (chroma), h* (hue angle), CI (chroma index). General Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) structures were employed to predict the colour properties. According to the experimental and simulation results, the proposed ANFIS predictor had a superior performance in prediction of these colour parameters.  相似文献   

8.
The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.  相似文献   

9.
‘华苹’是以‘金冠’与‘惠’杂交育成的优良中晚熟苹果新品种。平均单果质量177 g。果实长圆形,果皮鲜红色,果面光洁,外观美丽,果肉黄白色,肉质松脆,汁液多,风味酸甜、微香,品质好。果实硬度7.1 kg · cm-2,可溶性固形物含量12.84%,可溶性糖9.60%,可滴定酸0.64%,维生素C 0.056 mg · g-1。在辽宁省辽西地区4月上中旬萌芽,5月上旬开花,9月下旬果实成熟,果实发育期140 d左右。较抗寒和抗枝干轮纹病,适宜在‘金冠’种植区发展。  相似文献   

10.
Seedlings of the hawthorn Crataegus azarolus L. were budded with ‘Williams’ pear and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple and followed for compatibility, growth control, precocity and suckering. Four years of observations indicated that the hawthorn is compatible with ‘Williams’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, conferring growth control and precocity; and producing suckers profusely. On the other hand, bud break in ‘Williams’ started 10 d earlier and gave longer shoots than ‘Golden Delicious’. Delayed symptoms of incompatibility and long-term reciprocal influences require further study.  相似文献   

11.
Summary

Ten apple cultivars (Malus domestica Bork) Ein Shemer, Anna, Rome Beauty, Tropical Beauty, Alexander, Orleans, Winter Banana, Black John, Starking Delicious and Red Delicious were evaluated for their suitability for tropical Zambian conditions. Winter Banana, Black John, Starking Delicious and Red Delicious, which were mostly high-chill cultivars, showed poor vegetative development: delayed budbreak, shoot growth and progressive loss of vigour and most of the trees died before maturity. Of the remaining low-chill cultivars, ‘Ein Shemer’ had the highest fruit yield at 49 6 2.3 kg tree21 and ‘Alexander’ the lowest (5.3 6 1.0 kg tree21). This response was due to the high number of fruits per tree, ‘Ein Shemer’ had up to 907 6 83.7 per tree whereas low yielding cultivars like ‘Rome Beauty’ and ‘Tropical Beauty’ had fewer than 106 6 25.3 fruits per tree. The individual fruit weight was inversely related to the total number of fruits per tree. It ranged from 58 6 5.1 g in Ein Shemer to 191 6 24.8 g in ‘Rome Beauty’.  相似文献   

12.
Frank Maas 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2007,49(3):101-105
‘Elstar’, the most widely grown apple variety in the Netherlands, requires adequate fruit thinning to obtain regular bearing and the commercially desired fruit size and fruit quality. During several years studies have been carried out to look for alternative thinning methods to replace carbaryl, an insectide which also induced thinning when applied to young fruitlets, but that is no longer registered in the Netherlands. During recent years research on apple thinning has focused on the use of ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) as a flower thinner combined with 6-benzyladenine (BA) as a fruitlet thinner. This paper reports on a trial in which the fruit thinning efficacy of this combined treatment with ATS and that of BA on its own were evaluated. In addition, the use of slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) to cover the leaves and reduce leaf photosynthesis at three different times during fruitlet development was tested, alone or in combination with an application of BA. The best chemical thinning treatment of this trial was the combination of 3 applications of ATS during flowering followed by BA at a fruit size of 13.8?mm. This treatment gave 82% of the thinning necessary to obtain the target fruit load. This treatment also effectively improved fruit size distributions, fruit colour and internal fruit quality. Slaked lime did not thin ‘Elstar’ effectively, most probably because it did not cause sufficient reduction of light interception by the canopy.  相似文献   

13.
This research aims to make an analysis of energy use efficiency of apple (‘Starkrimson Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’) production in E?irdir region of Turkey, during the production season of 2012. Production data this research was collected in 2013. In order to determine the energy use efficiency of apple, various surveys have been conducted in 71 apple farms, selected through Simple Random Sampling method, located in E?irdir region of Turkey. The data have been collected through face to face questionnaires and first hand observations. The energy input and output values in apple production have been calculated as 34,703.63 MJ ha?1 and 95,034 MJ ha?1, respectively. Energy inputs consist of diesel fuel energy by 29.04?%, chemical fertilizers energy by 24.28?%, machinery energy by 15.70?%, chemical energy by 9.84?%, human labor energy by 8.54?%, electricity energy by 5.63?%, irrigation energy by 3.97?%, farmyard manure energy by 2.88?% and lime energy by 0.12?%. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy in apple production have been calculated as 2.74, 1.16 kg MJ?1, 0.86 MJ kg?1 and 60,330.36 MJ ha?1, respectively. The total energy input consumed has been classified as direct, by 47.17?%, indirect, by 52.83?%, renewable, by 15.38?% and non-renewable, by 74.62?%.  相似文献   

14.
苹果果实β-Gal和LOX活性变化特性及其与果实软化的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
魏建梅  马锋旺 《园艺学报》2009,36(5):631-638
 以‘富士’和‘金冠’苹果果实为试材, 研究了β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal) 和脂氧合酶(LOX) 在果实发育、成熟和软化过程中的变化规律及采后乙烯调控对其活性的影响。结果表明: 在果实发育后熟过程中, 金冠果实β-Gal活性显著高于富士, 在果实后熟软化期间这种差异尤为突出; 而富士和金冠果实LOX活性呈相似的变化规律, 虽然花后富士的活性高峰显著高于金冠, 但之后其活性下降迅速,并一直低于金冠。采后苹果果实β-Gal和LOX均受乙烯调控, 乙烯抑制剂1-MCP极显著地抑制β-Gal和LOX的活性, 而乙烯利对二者活性起促进作用, 但因品种耐藏性不同其促进效应不同。综合来看, 苹果果实β-Gal和LOX活性表现相似的变化规律, 并且β-Gal在果实贮藏初期受乙烯的调控作用较LOX显著, 因此认为在苹果果实软化早期β-Gal的作用可能大于LOX。  相似文献   

15.
In the mid-1970s, a new apple variety named ‘Meran’ was discovered in South Tyrol (northern Italy), which harbours the largest continuous apple growing area in Europe. The cultivar was registered for varietal protection and patented in several countries, and was declared to be a cross of the varieties ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Morgenduft’ (synonym ‘Rome Beauty’). The parentage of ‘Meran’ has, however, been questioned, and the present study aimed to assess the descent of this cultivar by the combined use of molecular genetic and bioinformatic tools. Five accessions of ‘Meran’ were collected from three different European germplasm collections and analysed at 14 variable microsatellite DNA loci. Subsequently, computer software was used to allocate the most likely parent pair from a set of cultivars representative for the apple growing area of South Tyrol in 1975. The molecular genetic data clearly excluded ‘Morgenduft’ as a gene donor to ‘Meran’ and provided strong evidence that ‘Meran’ is a cross of the cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’, confirming previous assumptions based on morphological traits of the tree and fruit.  相似文献   

16.
The overall objective of this work was to improve fruit quality, break alternate bearing and reduce hand thinning using fewer chemicals in fruit crops. A device was constructed for mechanical thinning, which consisted of three independent horizontal rotors with ropes and freely adjustable angles on a frame, mounted on a front three point hitch and powered by the tractor hydraulics. This can be adapted to any fruit tree trained as spindle, Solaxe, (tall) vertical axis or fruit wall (le mur fruitier) irrespective of rootstock employed. Rotor speed varied from 300 to 460?rpm at either 5 or 7.5?km/h tractor speed. Eight-year-old or twelve-old apple trees cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were mechanically thinned in 2007 between pink bud and full bloom (flower bud stages 6–8 or F1–F2) near Bonn, Germany; non-thinned and hand-thinned apple trees of the same block and variety served as control. Mechanically thinned flowering branches showed a similar amount of ethylene efflux (0.4–0.6?ppm C2H4/branch) as non-thinned flower branches, preventing potentially unexpected subsequent fruit drop, except for those removed by the rotors. The impact of the horizontal rotors on the branches was from the upper side and removed excessive flowers right to the tree trunk viz. the centre of the tree canopy, where fruits of lesser quality are expected leaving 2–3 flowers per cluster. Leaf damage was less than??10%, even at the fast rotor speed of 420?rpm, which was associated with negligible wood injury. Mechanical thinning induced firmer and sweeter fruit, i.e. tastier apples with longer shelf life, relative to control fruit from non-thinned apple trees. The greatest efficacy in terms of final fruit quality in the grading/sorting was achieved by a rotor speed of 360?rpm at a tractor speed of 5?km/h: Fruit mass increased by up to 20?g and the proportion of fruit larger than 70–75?mm by 10–30% compared with the fruit from non-thinned trees. Mechanical thinning with this newly constructed device led to a 10–20% reduction in yield, but increased returns due to better fruit size and colouration in apple with the potential to overcome alternate bearing.  相似文献   

17.
黄色苹果新品种‘华月’   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
‘华月’苹果是以‘金冠’为母本,‘华富’为父本杂交育成的新品种。果实圆柱形,平均单果质量230g;果皮黄色,阳面带红晕;果肉肉质,似‘富士’风味。晚熟,抗寒,高抗苹果早期落叶病、果实轮纹病。  相似文献   

18.
Summary

‘Red Delicious’, the main apple cultivar grown in Israel, and ‘Jonathan’, grown on a smaller scale, are prone to substantial pre-harvest drop. Spraying both cultivars with the synthetic auxin 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl-oxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) reduced pre-harvest fruit drop and increased yield. Application of 40 mg l–1 3,5,6-TPA 2 weeks before anticipated harvest (WBH), or 30 mg l–1 3,5,6-TPA at 4 and 2 WBH gave the best results, and were as effective as 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TP) which was the commercial product commonly in use until being withdrawn. There were no negative effects on fruit quality at harvest, or during 8 months of storage. Therefore 3,5,6-TPA can be recommended for routine use on ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ apples in Israel.  相似文献   

19.
At the Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg the specific weight of 121 apple varieties from the own variety collection was measured by a hydrostatic method (Archimedes principle) from 2007 to 2013. For this purpose samples of 10 apples per cultivar were collected mainly from the sites of Laimburg (220?m asl) and Laces (700 meters asl) and were examined annually at the same period with uniform fruits equal in size. The cultivars could be classified in specific weight classes from 0.75 to 0.91?g/cm3. 76% of the varieties were assigned to the middle classes since they had specific weights ranging from 0.80 to 0.86?g/cm3. ‘Golden Delicious’ was included within the specific “very light” varieties while ‘Braeburn’, ‘Nicoter Kanzi®’ and ‘Scifresh Jazz®’ were classified as “very heavy” varieties. The year and location do not significantly influence the specific weight, since this parameter depends rather on genetically caused factors such as the intercellular volume and the dry matter content of the fruit. The specific gravity can be an interesting complementary information to describe an apple variety.  相似文献   

20.
Summary

Mature slender spindle ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees were thinned using 10 mg l–1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 100 mg l?1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and an axial fan sprayer at a spray volume of 1,500 l ha?1 applied to the whole canopy, or with smaller volumes, where only the upper half of each canopy was sprayed. Partial spray applications of NAA or BA (at 1,000 l ha?1, 750 l ha?1, or 500 l ha?1) to the upper half of the trees did not cause any reduction in final fruit numbers on the upper half, or on the lower half of each tree. When the whole tree was sprayed to run-off with the same thinning agent, or at 1,500 l ha?1, successful thinning on both the upper and lower parts of the canopy occurred. Good spray coverage (from 51% to 77%) was also observed on leaves at all canopy positions measured, when whole trees were sprayed at 1,500 l ha?1.The development of an innovative crop load regulation strategy was an objective of the ISAFRUIT Smartfruit Project.  相似文献   

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