共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Faigl V Vass N Jávor A Kulcsár M Solti L Amiridis G Cseh S 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(1):115-129
Artificial insemination (AI) can undoubtedly be regarded as the oldest and most widely used assisted reproductive technique/technology (ART) applied in livestock production and it is one of the most important ARTs. The three cornerstones of its application are that it is simple, economical and successful. Artificial insemination offers many well-known benefits for producers. Fresh, fresh + diluted + chilled and frozen semen can be used for AI in small ruminants. To ensure its successful use, the AI technique must be selected on the basis of the type of semen planned to be used. This review paper gives a detailed overview of semen processing and its effects on semen quality, as well as of the AI techniques applied in small ruminants and their success rates. 相似文献
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犬卵母细胞体外成熟及其体外受精研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
犬科动物胚胎对于改进犬科珍贵物种及保护濒危犬种十分重要,因此对犬科动物体外受精(IVF)以及辅助生殖(ART)的研究逐渐变得必要.通过体外受精和核移植已经成功获得能够发育的犬科动物胚胎,克隆的犬胚胎移植到受体母犬能成功产仔,但是这一技术的效率仍然很低.主要原因是犬科动物胚胎在体外发育能力很低.犬卵母细胞早期发育和其他动物不同,犬卵巢排出的卵母细胞处于生发泡(GV)期,在输卵管中恢复减数分裂.犬卵母细胞核难以观测并且不容易确定排卵时间,所以很难确定精子入卵的确切时间,并且多精受精的情况时常发生.回顾犬卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)和体外受精取得的进展,对于提高其胚胎生产效率很有必要. 相似文献
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Assisted reproductive research: laser assisted hatching and spindle detection (spindle view technique) 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Animal experiments are very important for the development of new assisted reproductive techniques (ART) for use in human and animal reproductive medicine. Most technical aspects of reproductive manipulation of humans and animals are very similar, and many components of successful human ART used nowadays have been derived from animal studies. In this study we examined (1) the use of 'non-contact' laser for assisted hatching, (2) whether spindles in living mouse oocytes could safely be imaged/examined by polarisation microscope (polscope) and (3) the influence of environment (e.g. temperature, in vitro culture, etc.) on spindle detection/visualisation. The data of the study presented here show that (1) laser assisted hatching (AH) is a fast, very accurate and safe procedure without any harmful effect on embryo development and it can support very effectively the implantation of embryos, (2) the use of polscope facilitates the evaluation of oocyte quality and the selection of oocytes with spindle, (3) by monitoring the spindle position during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), we can reduce spindle damage and increase the chance of fertilisation. Further studies are underway to test the hypothesised connection between spindle birefringence and developmental capacity of oocytes/embryos. 相似文献
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The European mink ( Mustela lutreola ) is a small mammal, which belongs to the Mustelidae family ( Carnivora) . Earlier, the range of distribution of this species encompassed much of the European continent. During the 20th century, the numbers of European mink declined and the range of its distribution became reduced to three fragmented populations; today this species faces extinction. The urgent necessity for effective conservation efforts to protect the European mink is accepted by the governmental organizations as well as scientific communities of most European countries. In this paper, the reasons for the disappearance of European mink are reviewed and results of past conservation efforts based on captive breeding and reintroduction programmes are critically evaluated in the broad context of modern concepts of conservation genetics and reproductive biology. The data recently obtained on the reproduction and pre-implantation development of European mink and the prospects of incorporation of modern reproductive technologies into the conservation programme of this species are discussed. 相似文献
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Lilenbaum W Monteiro RV Ristow P Fraguas S Cardoso VS Fedullo LP 《Research in veterinary science》2002,73(3):319-321
Serum samples from 77 animals belonging to 38 species and 19 families in Rio de Janeiro Zoo, Brazil were tested for antibodies against serovars of Leptospira interrogans by microscopic agglutination test. Antibodies were detected in serum samples of 37.7% of all animals belonging to 10 families. Seropositivity was more common in the Carnivora Canidae (7/9), Procyonidae (5/9) and the Edentata Myrmecophagidae (5/9). Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common serogroup. Seropositivity was less common in primates. 相似文献
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微流控技术（microfluidics）是微全分析系统（micro total analysis system,μTAS）和芯片实验室（lab-on-a-chip）的重要支撑技术,其微量化和微尺度的优势得到人们越来越多的关注。辅助生殖技术（assisted reproductive technology,ART）是生殖医学的重要组成部分,已被广泛应用于生产实践中,但由于其低效性,人们在不断寻求新的技术手段。笔者综述了近年来微流控技术在生殖领域中的应用,包括精子筛选、体外受精和配子/胚胎培养等方面的内容,为辅助生殖技术提供了新的平台。 相似文献
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Geographic patterns of species richness and endemism in three mammalian orders (Chiroptera, Insectivora and Carnivora) were studied in relation to the biomes and existing protected areas of greater South Africa (including Lesotho and Swaziland). Locality data for 21500 specimens representing 124 species were analysed with a geographical information system. Species richness of Chiroptera is high in the savanna biome, particularly in the north-east of the country, owing to the marginal intrusion of 14 tropical species. Endemism in Chiroptera is low, however, with only two endemic species in the fynbos and Karoo biomes. The Carnivora display less biome specificity and endemism than the Chiroptera. Whereas the north-eastern savannas have the highest species richness, the transition between the Nama-Karoo and grassland biomes is an important southern African centre of endemism for the Carnivora, particularly the smaller species. In addition to being an important centre for species richness in the Carnivora and Chiroptera, the Kruger National Park is also particularly important for Red Dala Book species in both orders. The Insectivora display both high species richness and endemism. Species richness of the Insectivora is greatest in the mesic south-east of the country, whereas endemism is most pronounced in the forest and grassland biomes. Differences in biome specificity and endemism between these orders reflect not only phylogenetic divergence, but also variation in body size, vagility and life-history strategies. Most of South Africa's endemics are small mammals and many of them are listed in the Red Data Book. Distributions, life-history strategies and trends in man-induced habitat degradation were used to re-evaluale the protection status of the 124 species. We conclude that at least 11 endemic species are not adequately protected by existing publicly owned protected areas and consequently identify several areas which need to be added to the existing protected area system. 相似文献
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E García-Roselló E García-Mengual P Coy J Alfonso MA Silvestre 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):143-151
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a powerful technique in the field of assisted reproduction (ART) and provides exciting opportunities for studying the basic mechanisms of fertilization and early embryo development. Nevertheless, its application in agriculture and conservation biology has been greatly hampered by the low success rate reported for this method in respect of economically important species. Specifically, the rates of blastocyst formation and live newborn are greatly reduced when zygotes are generated by ICSI. Except for humans, ICSI remains a low efficiency technology in comparison with alternatives such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and its application is less widespread. In this paper, we discuss the present status, applications and factors affecting ICSI in pigs and other species. 相似文献
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利用低温生物学与人工辅助生殖技术（ART）保护生物资源,被证明是保护野生动物遗传资源的有效手段之一。野生动物的种质（卵母细胞、精子）或胚胎,相关的组织（卵巢、睾丸或附睾等）和体细胞均可以在-196℃超低温的环境下长期保持。人工辅助生殖技术除低温生物学技术外,还包括：人工授精技术;卵母细胞的体外成熟技术;体外受精技术以及胚胎移植;产前诊断等众多复杂的技术。但是,应用于野生动物的低温生物学和ART与应用与经济动物和实验动物时有很大差异,特别是某些需保种的珍稀或濒危野生动物数量有限,野生动物冷冻保种时有许多技术困难急待克服。例如：野生动物种质冷冻样品的采集问题;各种野生动物冷冻胚胎和冷冻精子时可能采取的最佳冷冻保护程序及不同的冷冻保护剂。特别是如何选取适当的野生动物受体成为制约其发展的一个瓶颈。 相似文献
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湖南城步野生藤本植物资源及开发利用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为深入研究湖南城步野生藤本植物资源现状,更好地开发利用其野生藤本植物资源,通过野外实地调查、标本鉴定和查证相结合的方法,对湖南城步野生藤本植物资源进行了统计与分析。结果表明,城步共有野生藤本植物40科88属277种,其中蕨类植物和裸子植物较贫乏,分别只有2科2属2种和1科1属1种,占该区域野生藤本植物总种数的0.72%和0.36%;被子植物有37科85属274种,其中双子叶植物具有明显的优势,有33科80属245种,占该区域藤本植物总种数的88.45%;单子叶植物处于次要地位,仅有4科5属29种,只占该区域藤本植物总种数的10.47%。在科属构成中,科的构成比较集中,属的构成相对分散。藤本植物的生活型以高位芽植物为主导,占总种数的81.59%;而地下芽、一年生、地上芽和地面芽植物所占比例较少,分别占总种数的8.66%,4.69%,2.89%和2.17%,并且以缠绕类藤本占优势,缠绕类、搭靠类、卷曲类和吸固类分别占总种数的46.21%,24.55%,21.30%和7.94%。分布区类型以热带地理成分为主,有52属,占总属的59.09%;温带成分占有较大比例,有29属,占总属的32.95%,其中以泛热带性地理分布居首位,其次为东亚分布,说明该区系带有热带和温带双重性,并且有热带成分向温带渗透和过渡的性质。同时,湖南城步野生藤本植物资源开发利用潜力巨大,应加强对其野生藤本植物资源的保护力度,积极拓展开发利用途径,扩大应用面,提高对城步野生藤本植物资源的综合开发水平。 相似文献
11.
Rodriguez-Martinez H 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(Z1):21-26
Commercialization of animal biotechnologies, including those related to reproduction [also known as assisted reproductive techniques (ARTS)], is an increasing reality in developing countries, following the enormous flow of information around us and the increasing global commercial interests in areas where cattle production has its major assets. The present review discusses the achievements of various biotechnological tools for reproduction in cattle including semen handling for artificial insemination (AI), superovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), in vitro handling of oocytes and production of embryos, reproductive cloning and emerging technologies (sex selection, gene targeting and nuclear transfer for livestock transgenesis, genomics for marker-assisted selection, etc.). The application of these technologies for cattle breeding is critically discussed in relation to their impact in the improvement of the efficiency of dairy and beef production in developed and - particularly - in developing countries, which ultimately rule the possibilities of a competitive and sound production of food for human consumption. Despite the remarkable progress made and the punctual importance of some of the above-mentioned technologies, AI remains the most important assisted reproductive technology (ART) in developing countries. Any attempt to gain widespread of any other ART under the predominant economical conditions in developing countries ought to match the simplicity and the success of AI as a breeding tool. 相似文献
12.
Nakauchi K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(1):63-65
A total of 375 fecal samples of 56 mammalian species belonging to 17 families of 4 orders were examined for the detection of Balantidium coli from December 1994 to August 1995. As a result, B. coli was found from 6 species belonging to 4 families of 2 orders (Primates and Artiodactyla) of host animals examined. White-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea) and Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) were new hosts for B. coli. All the wild boar (Sus scrofa) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) examined were positive. The highest number of B. coli was obtained from a chimpanzee (1,230/g feces). No B. coli was detected from the animals of orders Rodentia and Carnivora including dogs and cats. The rarity of B. coli infection in breeding animals in Japan. suggests that there is no serious problem in controlling infections. 相似文献
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Kenneth D Newman David E Anderson 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2005,21(1):73-100
The goals of the cesarean section are preservation of the dam and calf and the future reproductive efficiency of the dam. The outcome of the cesarean section is a self-fulfilling prophecy. Numerous variables may affect the successful outcome of this procedure. Case selection is the most important and often overlooked variable. In addition, skin preparation,surgical technique, calf viability at the time of surgery, and exteriorizing the uterus can affect outcome. Minimizing excessive adhesion formation is equally important because it may affect reproductive efficiency adversely.Good surgical technique, including gentle tissue handling, appropriate suture materials and patterns, and adequate infolding of the uterine incision to prevent leakage, combined with antibiotics and anti-inflammatories when indicated can help minimize detrimental adhesions that may affect adversely the future reproductive efficiency of the cow. When dealing with anemphysematous fetus, intensive medical management perioperatively isa crucial determining factor of cow survival. Anti-inflammatories, high doses of intravenous antibiotics, and a ventral midline approach that permits adequate uterine exteriorization and reduces abdominal contamination also are likely key elements that contribute to the high survival rates of cows with emphysematous fetuses. 相似文献
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The effect of natural toxins on reproduction in livestock. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reproductive efficiency is the most important economic factor in livestock production. Thus, the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal regulatory axis, accessory sexual organ functionality, and the complex events involved in fertilization, implantation, and embryonic and fetal development may be sensitive to therapeutic agents, environmental pollutants, and natural toxicants. There are many factors that adversely affect reproduction, one of which is toxic substances in the diets of animals. Toxic materials can affect reproductive success by causing abortions, interfering with libido, estrus, oogenesis, or spermatogenesis, causing emaciation and subsequent abnormal mating behavior, birth defects, and increasing the time between parturition and rebreeding. Examples of natural toxicants in poisonous plants interfering with reproduction are numerous. Abortion in livestock from locoweeds, ponderosa pine needles, broom snakeweeds, fescue, and others are reported in studies. Selenium and seleniferous forage inhibit estrus in cattle and swine. Emaciation and temporary illness from sneezeweeds, bitterweed, locoweed, larkspur, lupines, and others may interfere with mating. Embryonic loss and birth defects from Veratrum, lupines, locoweeds, poison hemlock, and so on, may occur. As suggested, toxins have many diverse and economically adverse effects on reproductive performance in livestock. 相似文献
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Rosendo A Iannuccelli N Gilbert H Riquet J Billon Y Amigues Y Milan D Bidanel JP 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(1):37-44
A QTL analysis of female reproductive data from a 3-generation experimental cross between Meishan and Large White pig breeds is presented. Six F(1) boars and 23 F(1) sows, progeny of 6 Large White boars and 6 Meishan sows, produced 502 F(2) gilts whose reproductive tract was collected after slaughter at 30 d of gestation. Five traits [i.e., the total weight of the reproductive tract, of the empty uterine horns, of the ovaries (WOV), and of the embryos], as well as the length of uterine horns (LUH), were measured and analyzed with and without adjustment for litter size. Animals were genotyped for a total of 137 markers covering the entire porcine genome. Analyses were carried out based on interval mapping methods, using a line-cross regression and a half-full sib maximum likelihood test. A total of 18 genome-wide significant (P < 0.05) QTL were detected on 9 different chromosomes (i.e., SSC 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 18, and X). Five genome-wide significant QTL were detected for LUH, 4 for weight of the empty uterine horns and WOV, 2 for total weight of the reproductive tract, and 1 for weight of the embryos. Twenty-two additional suggestive QTL were also detected. The largest effects were obtained for LUH and WOV on SSC13 (9.2 and 7.0% of trait phenotypic variance, respectively). Meishan alleles had both positive (e.g., on SSC7) and negative effects (e.g., on SSC13) on the traits investigated. Moreover, the QTL were generally not fixed in founder breeds, and opposite effects were in some cases obtained in different families. Although reproductive tract characteristics had only a moderate correlation with reproductive performances, most of the major QTL detected in this study were previously reported as affecting female reproduction, generally with reduced significance levels. This study thus shows that focusing on traits with high heritability might help to detect loci involved in low heritability major traits for breeding. 相似文献
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利用广义线性方法定位家畜抗性等级性状的QTL 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在广义线性模型的框架内模拟研究了家畜抗性等级性状的QTL定位方法，QTL参数的估计采用最大似然方法，比较了阈模型方法与一般线性方法的QTL定位效率，并对影响等级性状QTL定位效率的主要因素（QTL效应、性状的遗传力）进行了模拟研究。试验为多个家系的女儿设计，资源群体大小为500头。结果表明：在QTL位置参数估计及检验功效方面，阈模型方法具有一定的优势，对抗性等级性状QTL定位的功效也高于线性方法。另外，性状遗传力和QTL效应的大小对QTL定位的准确度也有直接的影响，随着性状遗传力QTL效应的增大，2种方法QTL定位的效率均有不同程度的提高。 相似文献