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1.
Suman Koul Jaswant Singh P. N. Dhingra G. S. Khatra 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1993,16(4):307-316
Two strains of Chlamydia psittaci (one isolated from aborted goat foetus and the other from brain of a buffalo calf that had died of meningoencephalitis) were injected intracisternally into six goats to produce experimental mastitis. Cryostat sections of 7–8 μm thickness, obtained from udder, teat, liver and kidney of infected and control animals were incubated for histoenzymic demonstration of alkaline-(AKPase), acid-(ACPase) and adenosine-tri-(ATPase) phosphatases; lactate-(LDH) and succinate-(SDH) dehydrogenases and for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-D). Results demonstrated that AKPase and NADPH-D declined while ACPase accumulated in acinar cells of udder while both NADPH-D and ACPase decreased in teat sinus epithelium. Hepatic canaliculi in perilobular areas of liver lobules registered complete absence of AKPase and ATPase. Hepatocytes and renal tubules accumulated LDH, SDH and NADPH-D. The interstitial connective tissue of udder and kidney presented higher levels of AKPase. Comparison of results with biochemical alterations in the level of these enzymes revealed striking discrepancies which seem to arise because of failure of biochemical procedures to discriminate between functional cells of tissue and inflammatory cells. The functional significance of histoenzymic alterations has been discussed. 相似文献
2.
R. R. Maronpot 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1972,36(1):55-60
Erythrocytes of 145 sheep representing six breeds were assayed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. All sheep had erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase values similar to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes of man. Mean erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels ranged from 0.65 to 1.54 micromoles of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate per gram of hemoglobin per minute. Many of these sheep also had low levels and/or unstable reduced glutathione. Sheep with low levels of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and reduced glutathione were given large doses of oxidizing drugs or fed fresh fava beans to determine if they would develop intravascular hemolysis. No significant hemolysis was detected as a result of drug administration or fava bean ingestion. 相似文献
3.
A fluorimetric method to estimate erythrocyte glucose phosphate isomerase is described. Five μl of blood is added to 100 μl of water. Ten μl of the resulting hemolysate is incubated with a reaction mixture (200 μl) containing Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0, 20 μmoles, MgCl2 2 μmoles, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 0.08 μmoles, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 0.2 EU and fructose-6-phosphate 0.12 μmoles. After ten minutes of 25°C 20 μl of the mixture is added to 2 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate fluorescence determined. Two ml of water was added to the remaining reaction mixture and the hemoglobin concentration determined at 410 nm. The technique is primarily designed for use with small amounts of blood, of widely varying activity, from various animal species. 相似文献
4.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the generation of the superoxide anion by equine spermatozoa. SAMPLE POPULATION: Multiple ejaculates collected from 3 Thoroughbred stallions. PROCEDURES: Induced superoxide production by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD[P]H; ie, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NADH] and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]) was measured by use of a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay on whole spermatozoa and a cytochrome c reduction assay on isolated membrane fractions of spermatozoa. Localization of superoxide generation was determined by use of NBT cytochemistry. RESULTS: A dose-dependent increase in NBT reduction was found in the presence of NADPH, which was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). The flavoprotein inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; 5 or 15 microM), significantly decreased NBT reduction. Cytochrome c reduction by plasma membranes of spermatozoa was significantly higher in the presence of NADPH than in its absence. Cytochemical staining of equine spermatozoa in the presence of NADPH and NADH revealed diaphorase labeling in the spermatozoon midpiece and head. This staining was inhibited by DPI and SOD. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of our study indicate that superoxide generation is associated with a membrane-associated NAD(P)H oxidase present in equine spermatozoa, although mitochondrial generation of superoxide is also detected. This oxidase may play a role in cell signaling or may also contribute to cytopathic effects associated with oxidative stress in equine spermatozoa. 相似文献
5.
Wakshlag JJ Cooper BJ Wakshlag RR Kallfelz FA Barr SC Nydam DV Dimauro S 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(4):480-484
OBJECTIVE: To perform respiratory chain enzymatic activity assays on canine skeletal muscle biopsy specimens and establish reference range values of skeletal muscle enzyme activities for dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Biopsy specimens from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained from 24 dogs (8 sexually intact males and 14 sexually intact females) ranging from 15 months to 6 years of age. PROCEDURE: Mean values of citrate synthase, cytochrome-c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase-cytochrome-c reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase, and NADH dehydrogenase-cytochrome-c reductase activities were established by use of 6 standard spectrophotometric assays for respiratory chain enzyme analysis. RESULTS: Compared with published data for skeletal muscle enzyme activities in humans, skeletal muscle enzyme activities in dogs were 2- to 4-fold higher. Additionally, citrate synthase activity, a marker for mitochondrial volume, was positively correlated with age in dogs, suggesting that mitochondrial volume increases with age, although no apparent change in respiratory chain enzymatic activity with an increase in age was found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reference range values for skeletal muscle enzyme activities of dogs are needed to accurately interpret results of respiratory chain enzymatic activity assays. During investigation of metabolic myopathies, if skeletal muscle biopsy specimens are evaluated for respiratory chain enzyme kinetics, they should be performed and evaluated in concert with skeletal muscle biopsy specimens from clinically normal animals of the same species. 相似文献
6.
A 9-month-old male German Shepherd dog was referred for evaluation of progressive exercise intolerance. Clinical examination revealed a stiff, stilted gait and marked atrophy and hypotonia of skeletal muscle. The dog had raised creatine kinase (181 U/liter), lactate dehydrogenase (510 U/liter), and aspartate aminotransferase (123.6 U/liter) levels, suggesting a muscle disease. Histochemical evaluation of muscle biopsies revealed the presence of subsarcolemmal oxidative activity, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and succinate dehydrogenase, and the absence of cytochrome oxidase activity. Ragged red fibers were demonstrated with Gomori trichrome stain. Ultrastructural examination of the muscle confirmed the presence of subsarcolemmal accumulations of mitochondria and morphologically atypical mitochondria. 相似文献
7.
Dede S Deger Y Meral I 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2002,49(6):286-288
This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of short-term hypothermia on blood malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) concentrations in rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used weighing 180-200 g and on average 3.5 months old. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control (without cooling) and hypothermic (with cooling). The rats of the hypothermic group were cooled by immersion into cold water (10-12 degrees C), and the control rats were immersed into water of body temperature (37 degrees C) up to the neck without using any anaesthetic or tranquilizer for 3 min Rectal body temperatures of both groups were measured and blood samples to analyse MDA, GSH, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px and G-6-PD were collected immediately after the treatment. It was found that the MDA level was higher and the GSH and G-6-PD levels were lower in the hypothermic group than those in the controls. There was no difference between the control or hypothermic group regarding SOD or GSH-Px levels. It is concluded that acute hypothermia increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the GSH and G-6-PD levels in rats. 相似文献
8.
1. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH-DH) activity in the M. iliotibialis lateralis was compared histochemically among 7 breeds of cocks. This muscle was composed only of Type-IIA and -IIB fibres. 2. Apparent breed differences were observed in muscle development, the NADH-DH activity in every fibre type, fibre type distribution and fibre diameters. 3. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the muscle characteristics of various breeds were based not only on the fibre type composition, but also the different activities of oxidative enzyme in every type. 相似文献
9.
Annandale EJ Valberg SJ Essen-Gustavsson B 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(5):839-845
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether disruption of adenine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration and subsequent adenine nucleotide degradation are potential mechanisms for rhabdomyolysis in horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) performing submaximal exercise. ANIMALS: 7 horses with PSSM and 4 control horses. PROCEDURES: Horses with PSSM performed 2-minute intervals of a walk and trot exercise on a treadmill until muscle cramping developed. Control horses exercised similarly for 20 minutes. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured 4 hours after exercise. Citrate synthase (CS), 3-OH-acylCoA dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities prior to exercise and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and lactate concentrations before and after exercise were measured in gluteal muscle specimens. Adenine triphosphate, diphosphate (ADP), monophosphate (AMP), and inosine monophosphate (IMP) concentrations were measured before and after exercise in whole muscle, single muscle fibers, and pooled single muscle fibers. RESULTS: Serum CK activity ranged from 255 to 22,265 U/L in horses with PSSM and 133 to 278 U/L in control horses. Muscle CS activity was lower in horses with PSSM, compared with control horses. Muscle G-6-P lactate, ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations in whole muscle did not change with exercise in any horses. Concentration of IMP increased with exercise in whole muscle, pooled muscle fibers, and single muscle fibers in horses with PSSM. Large variations in ATP and IMP concentrations were observed within single muscle fibers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased IMP concentration without depletion of ATP in individual muscle fibers of horses with PSSM during submaximal exercise indicates an energy imbalance that may contribute to the development of exercise intolerance and rhabdomyolysis. 相似文献
10.
K Taniguchi K Taniguchi T Arai K Ogawa 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(5):1007-1016
Histochemical activities of several enzymes were investigated in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the golden hamster. Activities of adenosine triphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase were intense in the OE, and the sensory (VSE) and respiratory epithelium (VRE) of the VNO. The activity of acid phosphatase was intense in both the OE and the VSE, while that of non-specific esterase was intense in the VSE alone. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was detectable only in the VRE. Activities of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholine esterase were negative in all of the OE, VSE and VRE. These similarities and differences in the histochemical distribution of enzymes between OE and VSE may reflect the common olfactory function and/or functional specialization in these epithelia. On the other hand, the VRE was considerably different from the OE and VSE in the enzymatic distribution. This may reflect the non-olfactory function of this epithelium. 相似文献
11.
The histochemical profiles of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADDase), and phosphorylase (Pase) activities were studied in the respiratory muscles of the chicken. Most respiratory muscles contained fibers exhibiting 18 possible combinations of staining reactions (dark or light ATPase; dark, intermediate, or light NADDase; dark, intermediate, or light Pase). Fibers that stained light for ATPase constituted as little as 10% of the total population in rectus abdominis, but as much as 32% of the total in costosternalis pars major. Those fibers did not tend to be smaller than fibers that stained dark for ATPase in the respiratory muscles as a group. Assuming these staining characteristics are correlated with functional properties of the fibers, as they are in mammals, the majority of the fibers should contract rapidly (dark ATPase) and be fatigue resistant (dark and intermediate NADDase). 相似文献
12.
P Bas 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(12):3857-3866
The lipogenic capacity of omental adipose tissue and liver was measured in vitro from samples obtained at slaughter from 33 young male goats. The animals were slaughtered either on the day of weaning (d 0) or 2, 14, or 56 d after weaning. Ages at weaning were 4 wk (early weaning) or 6 or 8 wk (late weaning). Blood samples from the jugular vein were taken before slaughter to measure the concentrations of plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acids. There was a 30% decrease in glucose concentration after weaning. Nonesterified fatty acid concentration increased fourfold between d 0 and 2 after weaning. By d 14 after weaning, nonesterified fatty acids returned to basal concentration. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of adipose tissue declined markedly (90%) on d 2 after weaning. Lipoprotein lipase activity returned to preweaning values by d 56 after weaning in those goats that had ad libitum access to feed. In adipose tissue, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)-malate dehydrogenase activity fell by only 17% by d 2 after weaning and to 63% by d 14 after weaning. Lipoprotein lipase activity was closely related to metabolizable energy intake the day before slaughter. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activity was low in adipose tissue and it increased only slightly by d 56 after weaning. The data indicated that LPL played a preponderant role in the restoration of lipid stores after weaning. High NADP-malate dehydrogenase activity together with a high concentration of plasma glucose by d 56 after weaning suggested that this enzyme activity could be enhanced by high glucose availability in goat kids. Activities of lipase, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver were essentially unaffected by weaning. The extent and rapidity of change of lipogenic enzymes of goat kids was much more pronounced in adipose tissue than in liver. 相似文献
13.
R van den Hoven A E Meijer T Wensing H J Breukink 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(8):1755-1761
Gluteal muscle specimens were taken from 4 horses. From 1 of the 4 gluteal muscles, serial sections were prepared. Individual muscle fibers were identified and studied, using photomicrographs of sections stained by different enzyme histochemical methods. In specimens in which cytoplasmic soluble enzymes were studied, use was made of the semi-permeable membrane technique to hamper enzyme diffusion into reaction fluids. Enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synthesis of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the pentose phosphate cycle, the alpha-glycerolphosphate shuttle, the respiratory chain, catabolism, and muscular contraction were studied. Some key enzymes of different metabolic pathways were also included. Each of 3 fiber types identified had distinct features. Type I fibers were characterized by a relatively strong aerobic capacity, compared with type IIA fibers, which were more glycolytic and had strong aerobic and moderate-to-strong anaerobic capacity. Type IIB fibers were characterized by a relatively low aerobic and a relatively high anaerobic capacity, and were glycolytic. Activities of phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-naphtylesterase (nonspecific esterase) were so markedly different in the 3 fiber types that fiber typing was possible, aided by the demonstration of the activities of these enzymes. In type IIB fibers, the pentose phosphate cycle was more important than in the other fiber types. Except for the unexplained high alpha-naphtylesterase activity in type IIB fibers, catabolic enzymes were not active in healthy equine muscle fibers. 相似文献
14.
异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)是生物体内一种重要的氧化还原酶。根据已报道的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸异柠檬酸脱氢酶(NADP-IDH)基因的保守性序列设计引物,以柳蚕(Actias seleneHubner)蛹脂肪体cDNA为模板,经PCR扩增获得了柳蚕IDH基因的部分序列。该序列长1 269 bp,编码412个氨基酸,与家蚕IDH基因的cDNA序列同源性达82.5%。柳蚕IDH与果蝇、赤拟谷盗、斑马鱼、人、大鼠、库蚊、人体虱、恶性疟原虫IDH的氨基酸序列同源性在70%左右,具有较高的保守性。半定量PCR检测结果表明,柳蚕IDH基因在蛹期不同组织中均有表达,且表达量没有显著差异。 相似文献
15.
亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E．tenella）卵囊的孢子生殖具有不可逆地抑制作用，但其作用机理尚不清楚。本研究采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳来分析GSNO对E．tenella卵囊内与糖代谢有关的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、葡萄糖．6．磷酸脱氢酶（G．6．PD）、乌头酸酶（ACO）以及GSNO对卵囊内与抗氧化有关的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响，电泳后经特异染色显示酶活性。结果表明：GSNO处理的未孢子化与孢子化卵囊中均有LDH、（3-6．PD、ACO及SOD活性，这提示外源性NO对球虫孢子生殖的抑制并没有灭活卵囊中LDH、G．6．PD、ACO和SOD的活性或NO对这些酶的作用是可逆的。 相似文献
16.
The activity and localization of NAD(P)H-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glueose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in the kidney of 11 female pigs were examined.The pig kidney showed a higher activity of NAD (P) H-tetrazolium reductase in the distal tubules compared with the kidney of rat, mouse, rabbit, dog, cat, and man. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase was the same in the pig kidney as in the kidney of other examined species. In the pig kidney glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase precipitated in situ, while in rat and mouse this enzyme has proved to be highly diffusible. 相似文献
17.
Effects of exercise on the histochemical changes of articular chondrocytes in adult dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Effects of exercise regimens on the enzyme histochemical changes of articular chondrocytes of the humeral heads in adult shepherd-type dogs were studied. One group of 4 dogs was exercised by walking on a flat surface 5 days a week for 6 months. A 2nd group of 4 dogs was exercised under the same conditions, except that the dogs were forced to walk over platforms placed in their path. Three control dogs were exercised ad libitum in their housing area. In all dogs, the reactivity of lactic acid dehydrogenase was quite strong nicotinamide dinucleotide dehydrogenase was moderate, and glucose-6-phosphatase was week. Succinic acid dehydrogenase uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose-4-epimerase, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase were of weakly moderate staining reactivity. Consistent regional or laminar variability was not found among the chondrocytic populations of the exercised and control groups for the reactivity of the enzymes studied. However, regional and/or laminar variabilities in individuals of the experimental groups were identified. The weak reactivity of glucose-6-phosphatase as seemingly contradictory to the presence of intracellular lipids of adult articular chondrocytes. Lipid synthesis was suggested as a mechanism to store excessive quantities of hydrogen ions in an innocuous form, rather than in the potentially deleterious by-product of anaerobic glycolysis, lactic acid. 相似文献
18.
The distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd)-positive neurones was investigated in the chicken caecum. Double staining combined NADPHd histochemistry with immunohistochemistry for neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) indicated that NADPHd-positive neurones also showed immunoreactivity for nNOS. NADPHd-positive nerve cell bodies were observed in both the myenteric and the submucous plexuses. Nerve fibres showing enzyme activity were mainly distributed in the circular muscle layer, but only a few fibres in the mucosal layer. Fine nerve fibres showing NADPHd activity were found running between germinal centres in the caecal tonsil. Quantitative analysis showed no significant differences in the number of enzyme-positive nerve cell bodies per ganglion of the myenteric and the submucous plexuses among three different caecal regions; proximal, middle and distal regions. Larger numbers of ganglia were detected in the submucous plexus than the myenteric plexus at all three regions. These data indicate that nitrergic neurones in the submucous plexus mainly project to the circular muscle layer in the chicken caecum. It is possible that nitrergic nerves regulate the motility of the chicken caecum. 相似文献
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20.
Eguinoa P Brocklehurst S Arana A Mendizabal JA Vernon RG Purroy A 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(2):432-440
The effects of sex, genotype, and adipose depot on lipogenic enzyme activity have been investigated in Holstein and Pirenaican bulls and heifers, taking into account differences in adipocyte size. Fifteen Pirenaican bulls and 15 heifers and 15 Holstein bulls and 13 heifers were fattened until slaughter (12 to 13 mo old and 450 to 500 kg of body weight). During the fattening period, animals had ad libitum access to commercial concentrates and straw. The 10th rib was dissected to determine the fat content. Adipocyte size and activities of the following lipogenic enzymes were determined: glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)-malate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, in the omental, perirenal, subcutaneous, and intermuscular adipose depots, respectively. Because adipocyte mean cell volume varied with sex, breed, and depot, regression analyses of log(e) activity per cell and log(e) cell volume were used to compare activities per unit volume. Sex, breed and depot had no effect (P > 0.05) on the gradients of regressions, which did not differ significantly from 1. Thus, activity per unit volume did not vary with cell size. Consequently, sex, breed, and depot effects on the regression analyses were equivalent to effects on activity per unit volume. Females had greater amounts of fat in the 10th rib (P < 0.001), larger adipocytes (P < 0.001) and, in general, greater (P < 0.05) lipogenic activity per cell, even when adjusted for cell size, than males. These findings suggest that differences in adiposity between sexes are mainly due to females having a greater capacity for lipid synthesis, and hence, hypertrophy, than males. When adjusted for differences in carcass weight, Holsteins had larger adipocytes than Pirenaicans. The abdominal depots, omental and perirenal, had a greater adipocyte size (P < 0.001) and, in general, greater lipogenic enzyme activities per cell (P < 0.05) than the subcutaneous and intermuscular carcass depots. However, when activity per cell was adjusted for cell size, subcutaneous depots had greater fatty acid synthae, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP-malate dehydrogenase activities than omental and perirenal, indicating that other factors such as nutrient supply may restrict hypertrophy of carcass adipocytes. 相似文献