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南岭是南北动植物的分界线、起源和分化中心,生物资源十分丰富,巳发现斑蝶15种,环蝶8种,其种群数位居我国各保护区之首,分布于东洋区的斑蝶和环蝶占总数78.26%;东洋区和古北区共有种1种;跨区系分布的有4种。南岭斑蝶和环蝶与海南蝶类相似百分率分别高达77.27%和75.0%,说明它们主要由热带区域扩散而至。今年初的雨雪冰冻灾害使南岭海拨500-1000m森林生态遭受严重破坏,斑蝶和环蝶在林中的种群密度骤降,5次调查累计只发现的斑蝶和环蝶7种,只占常年见到的30.43%;种群密度则是南岭各科蝶类中居最低。 相似文献
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为了解广东梅县阴那山省级自然保护区蝶类资源和物种多样性情况,2021年7—12月利用样线法进行观测调查。结果表明,阴那山自然保护区共调查到蝶类10科、75属、110种;区系组成主要以东洋界为主,古北界和东洋界共有为辅;随海拔升高,蝶类群落属数、种数、个体数量、优势度指数、丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为先增长后下降的单峰趋势,并均在401~600 m达到最大值,高海拔地区蝶类群落的均匀度指数大于低海拔地区;相邻海拔地区蝶类群落的相似性较高,且高海拔与低海拔间蝶类种类存在明显差异。以期为阴那山省级自然保护区预测气候变化、保护蝴蝶资源和评价生态环境等提供基础资料和理论依据。 相似文献
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采用路线调查法和标准地网捕法,对湖南云山蝶类(鳞翅目)物种调查与统计,运用Margalef指数、Menhinick指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数分析云山蝶类昆虫的物种多样性。结果表明:云山蝶类昆虫共计7科36属61种;种数由大到小的科依次为凤蝶科蛱蝶科弄蝶科粉蝶科眼蝶科灰蝶科环蝶科,属数由多到少的科依次为蛱蝶科弄蝶科凤蝶科粉蝶科灰蝶科=眼蝶科环蝶科。云山蝶类昆虫物种丰富度指数排序依次为凤蝶科眼蝶科蛱蝶科弄蝶科环蝶科粉蝶科灰蝶科,其中凤蝶科的物种丰富度指数最高,为2.500;灰蝶科的丰富度指数最低,为0.452。 相似文献
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在对茂兰喀斯特森林区蝶种数量、蝶类和科属种和区系分布组成进行统计分析的基础上,对保护和利用蝶类资源提出了建议。 相似文献
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2008年5月至2009年9月间,在蝶类发生季节,对黑龙江省森林植物园蝴蝶种类进行实地采样调查,共采集到蝶类707只,分别隶属于6科24属31种,标本中以蛱蝶最多,粉蝶次之,眼蝶和弄蝶最少。由于森林植物园的植物种类丰富,所以蝴蝶种类较多,数量较大,少数蝶种类在分布上具有区域性。 相似文献
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Two types of forests in Northeast China is divided in this paper,that is,the decidu-ous forests in the northern part and the deciduous-evergreen forests in the eastern part.Both distri-butions of the two types of forests have also been pre sented.Meanwhile,the development and suc-cession as well as components of forests have been studied in detail.in the end,the vertical distribu-tion of the deciduous forests have been shown,in which,the near-temperate cold temperate decidu-ous coniferous forests are distributing in the low elevation area between 450m—600m from the northto the south,the typical siberian cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests are widely distributingfrom 450m—820m in the north to 600m—1050m in the south, the humid cold temperate deciduousconiferous forests can only be found in high elevation area from 820m—1100m in the north to1050m—1380m in the south,the cold temperate deciduous coniferous open forests can seldom ap-pear at the top of a few peaks. 相似文献
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研究了高黎贡山东坡水平带蚂蚁群落特征，结果表明，除中南段2500m等高线外，东坡各水平带的不同位置均有特有种。在1000m、1500m、2000m、2500m等高线上，从北到南特有种数目依次递增，但北段1500m和2000m等高线出现特有种增高例外。在东坡不同海拔等高线上，大多数物种只在1个样地中表现为优势种，北段与南段的优势种通常不同。在1000m和2000m等高线上北段的优势种多于南段，而在1500m等高线上南段优势种多于北段，2500m等高线上不同地段优势种趋于相等。东坡水平带上物种数目和密度表现出普遍规律性。从北到南，1000m和2500m等高线上物种数目和密度依次递增，在1500m等高线上物种数目和密度依次递减。在1000m等高线上优势度、多样性和均匀度具有明显规律性。从北到南，优势度依次递减，多样性和均匀度依次递增，但在北段出现例外。在1500m、2000m和2500m等高线上，蚂蚁群落的优势度、多样性和均匀度缺乏规律性，可能与植被的次生化和片断化等因素有关。尽管东坡水平带上同一海拔植被类型相似，但是蚂蚁群落之间差异显著，相似性系数在0－0．50之间。山体下部1000m等高线上蚂蚁群落之间相似性较大，相似性系数在0．25－0．50之间。随着海拔增加，同一水平带上群落之间相似性减小。 相似文献
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Two types of forests in Northeast China is divided in this paper, that is, the deciduous forests in the northern part and
the deciduous—evergreen forests in the eastern part. Both distributions of the two types of forests have also been presented.
Meanwhile, the development and succession as well as components of forests have been studied in detail. In the end, the vertical
distribution of the deciduous forests have been shown, in which, the near—temperate cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests
are distributing in the low elevation area between 450m—600m from the north to the south, the typical Siberian cold temperate
deciduous coniferous forests are widely distributing from 450m–820m in the north to 600m-1050m in the south, the humid cold
temperate deciduous coniferous forests can only be found in high elevation area from 820m–1100m in the north to 1050m–1380m
in the south, the cold temperate deciduous coniferous open forests can seldom appear at the top of a few peaks. 相似文献
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为全面揭示喜马拉雅山蚂蚁多样性规律,采用样地调查法研究了珠峰段海拔5260~1840m范围的蚂蚁群落结构。观察蚁科Formicidae昆虫22796头,经鉴定隶属于3亚科、14属、23种,发现中国新记录种3个:阿富汗红蚁Myrmica afghanica Radchenko&Elmes、阿氏红蚁M.alperti Elmes&Radchenko、帕氏红蚁M.pachei Forel。结果显示珠峰段蚂蚁群落中发现优势种2个(樱花帕拉蚁Paraparatrechina sakurae(Ito)和光亮黑蚁Formica candida Smith,占物种数的8.70%),常见种11个(占物种数的47.83%),稀有种10个(占物种数的43.48%),丰富的稀有种提升了该地区生物多样性保护价值。珠峰段北坡和山间谷地的蚂蚁群落相似性较大,与南坡的蚂蚁群落差异显著。北坡和山间谷地海拔较高,属于古北界范围,蚂蚁物种贫乏;南坡海拔跨度大,分属于古北、东洋两界,蚂蚁物种丰富。说明蚂蚁群落结构主要受气温影响,海拔高差决定蚂蚁群落的物种丰富度。本研究在珠峰段记载蚂蚁23种,其中发现中国新记录种3个、西藏新记录种4个、待定种5个,丰富和完善了喜马拉雅山蚂蚁多样性研究。 相似文献
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马尾松 Pinus massoniana 是粤北主要造林树种之一,研究以韶关地区 20 a 生马尾松人工林为
研究对象,重点研究坡向对其人工林生长的影响,并探讨其可行的调整经营措施。结果表明,南坡马尾
松的胸径和树高均显著高于北坡,坡顶胸径与北坡近似,树高大于北坡,且径高比最高;北坡的冠幅、
冠长和冠体积均高于南坡和坡顶,反映马尾松喜光特性。南坡单株材积高于北坡和坡顶,坡顶中小径级
个体 (DBH 10~25 cm) 比例高于南坡和北坡,但大径级个体 (DBH 25~30 cm) 比例明显下降,大径级个体
单株材积和比例对林分蓄积影响最大,蓄积以南坡最高,其次为北坡,坡顶最低。根据不同径级单株材
积和蓄积的坡向间差异及形成原因分析,探讨了不同坡向马尾松间伐强度、改造树种选择和培育模式,
对于促进马尾松人工纯林的林分改造和森林质量精准提升具有指导作用。 相似文献
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人工降雨条件下毛竹林地表枯落物固土防蚀效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对长江三角洲森林生态定位站北亚热带次生毛竹林枯落物水土保持功能进行了模拟研究。结果表明:(1)在室内人工模拟降雨条件下,坡度和雨强是影响坡面侵蚀的重要因素,随着坡度和雨强的增大,泥沙浓度也不同幅度的增大;(2)坡度为5°、10°、15°、20°、26.5°时,裸露坡面和覆盖凋落物的坡面比较,随着坡度增加,覆盖有枯落物的泥沙浓度增幅明显减小,且减少幅度为52.9%～87.1%;(3)在室内人工模拟降雨条件下,雨强为10～50mm/h时,有枯落物覆盖的土壤侵蚀量比裸露坡面分别减少35.58 g/m2、66.82 g/m2、130.32 g/m2、190.62 g/m2和256.16 g/m2。覆盖凋落物的坡面径流量增大幅度相比裸露坡面低25%左右。因此,毛竹林地枯落物可以减少水土流失,有较好的保水保土作用,对控制水土流失有显著效果。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2019,(6)
Understory plants are important components of forest ecosystems and play a crucial role in regulating community structures, function realization, and community succession. However, little is known about how abiotic and biotic drivers affect the diversity of understory species in cold temperate coniferous forests in the semiarid climate region of North China. We hypothesized that(1) topographic factors are important environmental factors affecting the distribution and variation of understory strata,and(2) different understory strata respond differently to environmental factors; shrubs may be significantly affected by the overstory stratum, and herbs may be more affected by surface soil conditions. To test these hypotheses, we used the boosted regression tree method to analyze abiotic and biotic environmental factors that influence understory species diversity, using data from 280 subplots across 56 sites in cold temperate coniferous forests of North China.Elevation and slope aspect were the dominant and indirect abiotic drivers affecting understory species diversity, and individual tree size inequality(DBH variation) was the dominant biotic driver of understory species diversity; soil water content was the main edaphic factors affecting herb layers. Elevation, slope aspect, and DBH variation accounted for 36.4, 14.5, and 12.1%, respectively, of shrub stratum diversity. Shrub diversity decreased with elevation within the range of altitude of this study, but increased with DBH variation; shrub diversity was highest on north-oriented slopes. The strongest factor affecting herb stratum species diversity was slope aspect, accounting for 25.9% of the diversity, followed by elevation(15.7%), slope(12.2%), and soil water content(10.3%). The highest herb diversity was found on southeast-oriented slopes and the lowest on northeast-oriented slopes; herb diversity decreased with elevation and soil water content, but increased with slope. The results of the study provide a reference for scientific management and biodiversity protection in cold temperate coniferous forests of North China. 相似文献
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2008年1-2月南岭遭遇百年一遏的特大雨雪冰冻灾害,给森林生态系统造成了极大的破坏,使南岭国家级自然保护区位于南岭林区海拔500～600m的树木园内林木折断、倒伏及包括昆虫在内的野生动物大量死亡,其中眼蝶科灾后（2008年）种数比灾前2年（2006-2007年）的平均值降低50％、个数降低67．12％。灾后采取及时清理枯落物等恢复措施,有利于地面新生植物的萌生、预防森林火灾和可能引发的次生病虫害。经过5a的恢复期,林分及其生物多样性同步获得恢复。冰灾后形成的林窗萌生各种植物后,改善了林分结构,使森林生态系统得到修复和重建,也使植物种类比冰灾前更为丰富,生长势旺盛;眼蝶科种数比冰灾当年增加62．5％,个数比冰灾当年增加266．67％。可见,虽然冰冻灾害对森林生态系统产生严重影响,只要恢复措施得当,灾后的生态系统会逐渐优化。 相似文献