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《畜牧兽医学报》2016,(1)
为了解进口奶牛十二指肠贾第虫感染情况及其集聚体和基因亚型分布特征,作者基于SSU rRNA、tpi、gdh和bg基因位点对奶牛十二指肠贾第虫进行PCR检测。结果如下:基于SSU rRNA基因位点进行PCR检测,奶牛十二指肠贾第虫感染率为9.5%(48/507),48份阳性样品均为十二指肠贾第虫集聚体E;断奶后犊牛感染率最高(20.70%),不同年龄段奶牛十二指肠贾第虫感染率统计学差异极显著(P0.01)。基于tpi、gdh和bg基因位点分别扩增出48份阳性样品中19、28和34个,1份在tpi基因位点呈集聚体A和E混合感染。多位点基因序列分析和种系进化树分析结果显示,该场进口奶牛应为引进后感染十二指肠贾第虫。研究表明进口成年奶牛不易携带人兽共患十二指肠贾第虫,引种场奶牛传播人兽共患十二指肠贾第虫风险较低。 相似文献
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为研究青海省海北地区牦牛贾第虫的感染情况及虫种基因型,对青海省祁连县、海晏县和刚察县的297份牦牛粪样采用蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化,之后用免疫荧光方法对贾第虫进行鉴定,对阳性及疑似阳性样品采用基于18SrRNA和谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)基因的套式PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行测序。将测序结果与GenBank中的贾第虫序列进行比对分析。免疫荧光抗体试验结果显示,共检出24份贾第虫阳性粪样,总阴性率为8.1%。套式PCR扩增结果显示,24份阳性样品中18SrRNA基因扩增阳性22份,gdh基因扩增阳性18份,产物大小分别为292bp和432bp。序列分析表明,分离的虫种均为牦牛源肠贾第虫,基因型为集聚体E,未发现人畜共患基因型。 相似文献
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从青海省祁连县采集93份牦牛粪样用于贾第虫检测。所有样品经蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化处理后,采用卢戈氏碘液染色镜检和免疫荧光试验进行检测,将镜检阳性样品采用套式PCR方法扩增18S rRNA,并对扩增产物进行测序分析。结果镜检和免疫荧光试验中有9份样品为贾第虫阳性,阳性率为9.7%。镜检阳性样品采用套式PCR方法扩增后有8份样品为18SrRNA基因阳性,产物长度292bp,测序后的序列分别命名为QHQL201501~QHQL201508。系统发育分析显示,分离的虫株属于牛源十二指肠贾第虫,基因型均为反刍动物特有的聚集体E,未发现具有人兽共患潜力的A型和B型。 相似文献
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【目的】 了解广东省不同地区猪源十二指肠贾第虫(Giardia duodenalis,简称贾第虫)的流行现状和分子特征,并评估其人兽共患风险。【方法】 从广东省10个地区采集新鲜猪粪样品,采用显微镜镜检,并应用巢式PCR对贾第虫谷氨酸脱氢酶(glutamate dehydrogenase,gdh)基因进行扩增,根据扩增结果计算不同地区和生长阶段猪贾第虫的阳性率。对所有的PCR阳性产物进行测序,将获得的贾第虫gdh基因序列进行BLAST比对,确定贾第虫的基因型;运用Mega 7.0软件的最大似然法构建进化树。【结果】 贾第虫包囊呈椭圆形,囊壁较厚,大小为(10~14)μm ×(7~10)μm,具有明显纵向轴柱,细胞核分布于轴柱两侧。521份受检样品中共检测出94份PCR阳性样品,阳性率为18.04%(94/521),其中茂名和清远的阳性率较高,分别达40.00%(10/25)和35.06%(27/77);肇庆和韶关的阳性率较低,分别为3.90%(3/77)和8.57%(3/35);佛山、江门、阳江、河源、广州和惠州的阳性率分别为11.11%(2/18)、15.31%(15/98)、11.43%(4/35)、13.33%(4/30)、9.38%(3/32)和24.47%(23/94)。不同饲养阶段的猪群的阳性率调查发现,母猪的贾第虫阳性率(24.55%)显著高于断奶仔猪(13.30%)(P<0.05),与育肥猪的贾第虫阳性率(19.23%)差异不显著(P>0.05)。基于gdh基因序列的基因分型和系统进化分析共发现5种贾第虫亚集聚体,即集聚体AⅠ和集聚体E的4种不同亚型,包括集聚体E1、E2、E10和E13,其中61.70%(58/94)测序阳性样品属于集聚体AⅠ,38.30%(36/94)属于集聚体E的不同亚型。【结论】 广东猪源贾第虫的感染较普遍,不同地区和不同生长阶段的猪感染率存在一定差异。其中,人兽共患性集聚体AⅠ为优势亚集聚体,表明广东省猪源贾第虫存在人兽跨物种传播的风险,应重视该病可能引起的公共卫生问题。 相似文献
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为了解山东省滕州市羊隐孢子虫感染情况和种类,从该市2个绵羊场、2个山羊场采集222份羊粪便样品,提取所有样品的基因组DNA,采用巢式PCR扩增隐孢子虫actin基因,对阳性样品进行序列测定和分析。结果显示,滕州市羊隐孢子虫总的感染率为6.76%,其中绵羊7.84%,山羊5.83%;不同月龄的羊感染情况不同,6~12月龄绵羊感染率最高(20.69%),而12月龄以上的山羊感染率最高(10.00%);共发现3种隐孢子虫感染,其中微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum,C.parvum)检出率最高为53.33%,其次是肖氏隐孢子虫(C.xiaoi)为40.00%,仅发现1例(6.67%)泛在隐孢子虫(C.ubiquitum)感染;序列比对结果显示,本试验所获得基因序列与Gen Bank中的C.parvum、C.xiaoi、C.ubiquitum actin基因序列同源性达到100%;系统进化分析显示,滕州市的羊样品中鉴定的actin序列,与Gen Bank中的相应虫种序列在同一分支上。研究结果为深入了解滕州市羊隐孢子虫流行情况及制定有效的防控措施提供了依据。 相似文献
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为了解广西部分地区猫隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第虫和三毛滴虫的感染情况和基因型,试验采集南宁市、桂林市、柳州市、梧州市和河池市各宠物医院、流浪动物中心及送检的新鲜猫粪便样本300份,基于隐孢子虫SSU rRNA和gp60基因,十二指肠贾第虫bg、tpi和gdh基因及三毛滴虫ITS基因采用PCR方法对粪便DNA进行PCR扩增,阳性样本进行测序分析,构建遗传进化树。结果表明：共检测出22份隐孢子虫、24份十二指肠贾第虫和41份三毛滴虫阳性样本,阳性率分别为7.3%、8.0%和13.7%。幼猫三种原虫阳性率均显著高于成年猫(P<0.05),腹泻猫的阳性率显著高于未腹泻猫(P<0.05),雄性猫三毛滴虫的阳性率要显著高于雌性(P<0.05)。检测出的隐孢子虫都为猫隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium felis,C.felis),根据gp60基因进行亚型分型,鉴定出ⅩⅨa和ⅩⅨc两种亚型。十二指肠贾第虫共鉴定出集聚体F、B和F+B三种基因型,其中集聚体F为优势基因型。说明广西部分地区猫普遍存在隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第虫和三毛滴虫的感染,且感染的虫种和部分基因型为人兽共患型,由于宠... 相似文献
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为明确内蒙古某规模化奶牛养殖场腹泻犊牛寄生虫性病原的感染情况及其分子学特性,采集该养殖场18头发生腹泻犊牛的新鲜粪便样品。通过形态学方法并结合分子生物学方法对样品中隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)和蓝氏贾第虫(Giardia lamblia)进行分离鉴定和感染情况统计分析。形态学检查结果表明,18份粪便样品中隐孢子虫感染率为5.56%(1/18),蓝氏贾第虫感染率为72.22%(13/18)。进一步对18份粪便样品提取DNA,并基于SSU rRNA和BG基因位点分别对隐孢子虫和蓝氏贾第虫进行PCR扩增、序列比对和遗传进化分析。电泳检测结果显示,显微镜检测阳性粪便样品均在830 bp和511 bp处出现目的扩增条带。同时,序列比对及遗传进化分析也表明,所分离到的隐孢子虫与来自于不同国家和地区的牛隐孢子虫(C.bovis)在SSU rRNA基因位点上具有100%序列同源性,因此被归于同一个进化分支,而所分离的蓝氏贾第虫在BG基因位点上与集聚体E参考分离株的序列同源性高达99.78%以上,提示其属于集聚体E。通过形态学和分子学方法明确了牛隐孢子虫和蓝氏贾第虫是该奶牛场主要致犊牛腹泻... 相似文献
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为了鉴定犬源贾第虫佛山分离株的基因型,根据GenBank中登录的贾第虫β-贾第素(bg)基因序列(X85958),设计2对引物GF1/GR、GF2/GR,采用套式PCR方法从贾第虫基因组DNA中扩增出目的片段;将扩增产物纯化并连接到质粒载体pMD18-T,克隆转入感受态细胞JM109,挑选阳性克隆测序,然后进行序列分析。结果显示,犬源贾第虫bg序列长为384 bp,与预期目的片段一致;分子进化树表明该犬源贾第虫分离株为蓝氏贾第虫D型。该基因型在我国为首次报道,为贾第虫的分子鉴定以及分子遗传学研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
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Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献
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2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
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Campos SG Cavaglieri LR Fernández Juri MG Dalcero AM Krüger C Keller LA Magnoli CE Rosa CA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):377-383
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food. 相似文献