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1.
植物多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道内环境的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨断奶仔猪饲粮中单独或联合添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道内环境的影响。试验选取256头35日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为8个组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。采用三因素两水平(2×2×2)试验设计,饲粮中黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖的添加水平设置为0和800 mg/kg,试验共进行28 d。结果表明:1)在断奶仔猪饲粮中单独或两两联合添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖有提高断奶仔猪平均日增重的趋势(P0.05),3种多糖联合使用能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P0.05),各组之间料重比无显著差异(P0.05)。断奶仔猪饲粮中单独添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖均能显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率(P0.05),多糖之间存在一定互作效应。2)与对照组相比,单独或联合添加多糖组断奶仔猪回肠、直肠内容物的p H无显著变化(P0.05),盲肠和结肠内容物p H显著降低(P0.05),3种多糖联合添加对盲肠内容物p H有互作效应(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,单独或联合添加多糖组断奶仔猪盲肠内容物总挥发性脂肪酸含量均显著上升(P0.05),三者联合的效果显著优于单独添加(P0.05)。4)在断奶仔猪饲粮中单独或联合添加植物多糖均能显著提高肠道内乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P0.05),多糖两两组合组与单一添加组相比肠道内乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量有增加趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05),单独或联合添加多糖能显著降低肠道中大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖可改善其肠道内环境,降低仔猪腹泻,从而改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,且以三者联合添加效果最佳。 相似文献
2.
谢红兵邹云刘丽莉杨永生贺建华 《动物营养学报》2018,(7):2662-2671
本试验旨在探讨断奶仔猪饲粮中单独或联合添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道内环境的影响。试验选取256头35日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为8个组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。采用三因素两水平(2×2×2)试验设计,饲粮中黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖的添加水平设置为0和800 mg/kg,试验共进行28 d。结果表明:1)在断奶仔猪饲粮中单独或两两联合添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖有提高断奶仔猪平均日增重的趋势(P>0.05),3种多糖联合使用能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05),各组之间料重比无显著差异(P>0.05)。断奶仔猪饲粮中单独添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖均能显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),多糖之间存在一定互作效应。2)与对照组相比,单独或联合添加多糖组断奶仔猪回肠、直肠内容物的p H无显著变化(P>0.05),盲肠和结肠内容物p H显著降低(P<0.05),3种多糖联合添加对盲肠内容物p H有互作效应(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,单独或联合添加多糖组断奶仔猪盲肠内容物总挥发性脂肪酸含量均显著上升(P<0.05),三者联合的效果显著优于单独添加(P<0.05)。4)在断奶仔猪饲粮中单独或联合添加植物多糖均能显著提高肠道内乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P<0.05),多糖两两组合组与单一添加组相比肠道内乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量有增加趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05),单独或联合添加多糖能显著降低肠道中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加黄芪多糖、白术多糖和牛膝多糖可改善其肠道内环境,降低仔猪腹泻,从而改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,且以三者联合添加效果最佳。 相似文献
3.
本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和小肠黏膜形态结构的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计方法,选取180头遗传背景一致、健康状况良好、胎次和体重接近的21日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4个组分别饲喂对照饲粮、0.15%酵母壁多糖饲粮、0.30%酵母壁多糖饲粮和0.45%酵母壁多糖饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05);酵母壁多糖有降低断奶仔猪腹泻率和料重比的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P0.05),添加0.45%酵母壁多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度和十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值(P0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,并改善小肠黏膜形态结构;综合生长性能、小肠黏膜形态及经济成本等指标,其在仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加量为0.30%。 相似文献
4.
《动物营养学报》2021,33(3)
本试验旨在研究酵母多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态、抗氧化能力和肠道免疫状态的影响。试验选取体重[(6.89±0.88) kg]相近、健康状况良好的21日龄长×大×杜杂交阉公断奶仔猪32头,随机分为4个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.1%酵母多糖(0.1%酵母多糖组)、0.2%酵母多糖(0.2%酵母多糖组)、55 mg/kg吉他霉素和20 mg/kg硫酸黏菌素(抗生素组)的试验饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加0.1%酵母多糖可显著增加断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低盲肠内容物pH(P0.05);添加0.1%和0.2%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著降低料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮中添加0.1%和0.2%酵母多糖有增加断奶仔猪空肠绒毛高度的趋势(0.05P0.10),添加0.1%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著增加回肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加0.2%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著降低断奶仔猪的十二指肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.05),添加0.1%、0.2%酵母多糖和抗生素可显著降低空肠黏膜SOD活性(P0.05);4)0.2%酵母多糖组断奶仔猪的十二指肠黏膜白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的mRNA表达量显著降低(P0.05),回肠黏膜白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的mRNA表达量显著提高(P0.05);0.1%、0.2%酵母多糖组和抗生素组的空肠黏膜肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的mRNA表达量有降低趋势(0.05P0.10)。综上所述,酵母多糖可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低盲肠pH,改善肠道形态并降低肠道炎症。在本试验条件下,仔猪饲粮中酵母多糖的适宜添加水平为0.1%。 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln)对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜固有层免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)浆细胞数量、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)及黏膜中白细胞介素(IL)含量的影响。试验选用(21±2)日龄断奶、初始体重(6.7±0.9)kg的长白×大白去势仔猪100头,按完全随机区组法分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复5头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂基础饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%Ala-Gln的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%~0.45%Ala-Gln均显著提高仔猪断奶后第7、14、21天十二指肠以及空肠黏膜固有层Ig A浆细胞数量(P0.05),特别是0.30%Ala-Gln组仔猪在断奶第14天空肠Ig A浆细胞数比对照组增加22.6%(P0.05);在回肠中,0.30%Ala-Gln主显著提高断奶后第7、14天仔猪Ig A浆细胞数(P0.05)。2)断奶仔猪空肠黏膜SIg A含量随着Ala-Gln添加量呈二次曲线增长规律。在断奶后第7天,0.30%Ala-Gln组仔猪SIg A含量与对照组相比极显著提高了70.4%(P0.01);在断奶后第14、21天,0.15%、0.30%Ala-Gln与对照组相比显著提高了SIg A含量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%Ala-Gln可显著提高仔猪早期断奶后第7天黏膜IL-2、IL-5含量,分别显著提高断奶后第14天IL-5、IL-2含量(P0.05),其他添加水平无显著影响(P0.05);随着饲粮中Ala-Gln添加量的增加,各组IL-6、IL-10的含量呈线性增长趋势,且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加Ala-Gln可提高肠黏膜固有层Ig A浆细胞数量、黏膜SIg A分泌量及IL含量,提高断奶仔猪肠道黏膜细胞免疫。 相似文献
6.
《动物营养学报》2020,(7)
本研究旨在探讨断奶仔猪饲粮中添加白术茯苓多糖复方对其生长性能和免疫功能的影响。试验选用体重接近、健康状况良好的23日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪150头,采用单因素试验设计,将仔猪随机分为6组,抗生素组(添加硫酸黏杆菌素20 mg/kg+杆菌肽锌40 mg/kg+喹乙醇100 mg/kg)、空白组(既不添加任何抗生素也不添加白术茯苓多糖复方)和白术茯苓多糖复方添加组(分别添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%和0.08%白术茯苓多糖复方),每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪。试验期27 d。结果表明:1)与抗生素组和空白组相比,饲粮中添加白术茯苓多糖复方显著提高了平均日增重(P0.05),并且显著降低了料重比(P0.05)。2)与空白组相比,抗生素组和0.06%白术茯苓多糖复方组腹泻率显著降低(P 0.05)。3)饲粮添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%和0.08%白术茯苓多糖复方后,血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)A、IgG和IgM含量与空白组和对照组差异不显著(P0.05);4)与抗生素组相比,饲粮添加0.06%白术茯苓多糖复方显著降低了血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量(P0.05),且添加0.04%和0.06%白术茯苓多糖复方显著提高了血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量(P0.05)。5)与抗生素组和空白组相比,0.06%和0.08%白术茯苓多糖复方组空肠黏膜Toll样受体4(TLR-4)、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P0.05),而IL-10 mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P0.05)。由此可知,白术茯苓多糖复方可以提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,缓解断奶仔猪腹泻,提高仔猪免疫水平。在本试验条件下,仔猪饲粮中白术茯苓多糖复方的适宜添加水平为0.06%。 相似文献
7.
太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构及盲肠内容物菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构和盲肠内容物菌群的影响。选取25日龄断奶的"大白×长白"二元杂交仔猪120头,按体重相近原则随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加500(0.05%多糖组)、1 000(0.10%多糖组)和1 500 mg/kg(0.15%多糖组)太子参茎叶多糖。试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组十二指肠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量均显著升高(P0.05),0.10%多糖组十二指肠干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P0.05),0.10%和0.15%多糖组回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量均显著升高(P0.05);0.10%和0.15%多糖组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著或极显著增加(P0.05或P0.01),十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著增加(P0.05);0.15%多糖组回肠绒毛高度显著增加(P0.05);各试验组盲肠内容物中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖能够提高断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能,增加小肠绒毛高度和V/C值,调节盲肠内容物菌群结构,维持肠道微生态平衡;其适宜添加量为0.10%。 相似文献
8.
党参多糖对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究党参多糖(CPP)对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量的影响。选取1日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪60头(6窝),随机分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各占1/2)。14日龄时开始试验,3组仔猪分别饲喂仔猪代乳料(对照组)、仔猪代乳料+1%党参多糖(低剂量组)、仔猪代乳料+2%党参多糖(高剂量组),所有仔猪21日龄断奶,试验期14 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.01);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.05)。22~28日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05)。2)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量(P0.05);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清IL-2、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和IL-6含量(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜SIg A含量(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖能够改善仔猪的生长性能,提高血清细胞因子和肠黏膜SIg A含量,其中添加2%党参多糖的作用效果优于1%党参多糖。 相似文献
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旨在研究姜黄素对免疫应激断奶仔猪肠道抗氧化能力、二糖酶活性及葡萄糖转运载体的影响。选择28日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪24头,随机分为3个处理组,即对照组(基础日粮组),脂多糖(LPS)组(基础日粮+LPS)和姜黄素(Cur L)组(基础日粮+200 mg/kg姜黄素+LPS),每组8头。试验周期为28 d。于试验第18和28天,LPS组和Cur L组仔猪每千克体重腹腔注射100μg LPS,对照组仔猪注射相同体积的生理盐水。结果表明:添加200 mg/kg姜黄素可以显著降低空肠和回肠黏膜中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05),增加回肠黏膜中麦芽糖酶活性(P0.05)以及上调空肠黏膜中钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白1(SGLT1)mRNA表达量和回肠黏膜中葡萄糖转运蛋白2(GLUT2)mRNA表达量(P0.05)。因此,添加姜黄素可以通过降低过氧化产物的堆积缓解免疫应激对仔猪肠道的损伤,同时增加麦芽糖酶活性以及葡萄糖转运载体mRNA的表达而加强肠道对糖的消化吸收。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫的影响。采用单因素试验设计方法,选取21日龄遗传胎次、体重接近的断奶仔猪180头,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4组分别饲喂饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著降低了断奶仔猪血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量(P0.05)。饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠CD4~+淋巴细胞含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪回肠CD8~+和CD20~+淋巴细胞含量,但差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫,缓解断奶应激。 相似文献
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German AJ Hall EJ Day MJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(1):8-20
Normal individuals maintain tolerance to the endogenous bacterial flora residing within their alimentary tract, a phenomenon mediated by the gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue. Loss of this tolerance is a key factor in the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. Manifestations of such uncontrolled inflammation in humans include inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Dogs may similarly be affected, and although the etiopathogenesis is likely similar, the lesions differ. This review includes discussion of the factors involved in breakdown of mucosal tolerance, the immunologic basis of canine enteropathies, and the use of novel immunotherapies for these diseases. 相似文献
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J V Davies 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1989,5(2):271-281
Perhaps because of the inherent difficulty in using horses as experimental animals, only a relatively small amount of data is as yet available regarding normal equine gut motility. However, it is clear that the horse is fundamentally similar to other mammalian species studied. The neural and humoral control of gut activity requires much exploration; it is likely that, in the horse, some of this information will be derived during the investigation of the effects of various substances that might have clinical relevance. This is alluded to in the chapter that follows (The Effects of Pharmacological Agents on Gastrointestinal Motility). The clinical applications are likely to remain limited, though some light may be shed upon the derivation of certain disorders. 相似文献
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Canine intestinal carcinoids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Intestinal carcinoids were diagnosed in three aged dogs. Two of the neoplasms occurred in the rectum and one at the cecocolic junction. Judged by histologic criteria, all three carcinoids were considered to be malignant. Amyloid was present in both rectal tumors. In each tumor the diagnosis was confirmed by the finding of electron-dense intracytoplasmic secretory granules in the neoplastic cells. 相似文献
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D F Smith 《Modern veterinary practice》1984,65(9):705-710
A clear understanding of the surgical anatomy of the bovine intestinal tract is the most important factor in determining the degree of success to be achieved in the surgical management of intestinal disorders in cattle. However, bovine intestinal anatomy can be very difficult to comprehend, especially in cattle with intestinal distention and malposition. The abundance of mesenteric and omental fat and the compact nature of the mesentery make manipulation and exteriorization of many parts of the bowel difficult. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify specific surgical landmarks. A good working knowledge of the relevant surgical anatomy increases the level of confidence in one's surgical abilities and makes one more willing to consider surgical intervention in a cow with suspected GI dysfunction. 相似文献
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Small intestinal morphology and activity of intestinal peptidases in piglets around weaning 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Hedemann MS Højsgaard S Jensen BB 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2003,87(1-2):32-41
The effect of weaning on small intestinal morphology and the activities of three intestinal peptidases was investigated from 3 days prior to weaning to 9 days post-weaning in 64 piglets. Villous height, crypt depth and mitotic counts were determined at three positions along the small intestine. The activities of aminopeptidase N, dipeptidylpeptidase IV and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were measured at five positions along the small intestine. The villous height was maximal on the day of weaning. Post-weaning, the villi shortened at the proximal positions of the small intestine and the minimal length was observed on day 3 after weaning. Villous height did not decrease distally in the small intestine. Increased crypt depth was observed from 3-7 days post-weaning at all positions examined. Mitotic counts showed increased proliferative activity in the crypts from the third day post-weaning. Weaning influenced the activity of aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV. The activities declined until day 3 post-weaning. After that, the activities increased and they had reached pre-weaning values by day 9 post-weaning. Weaning had only minor effect on the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. In summary, weaning induced changes in small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The changes were maximal on day 3 post-weaning and during the following days, a gradual recovery of the small intestine was observed. 相似文献