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《竹子研究汇刊》2019,(2)
基于天然遗态材料植物叶片表面特殊形态及功能特性的启发,如荷叶微纳米结构的超疏水自洁特性、玫瑰花瓣微纳米结构的超疏水粘附特性。研究采用软印刷技术,分别以新鲜和干燥的玫瑰花瓣作为模板,通过聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)成功地转印制备了类玫瑰状超疏水竹材表面。扫描电镜(SEM)表明,类玫瑰花瓣表面形貌在制备超疏水竹材中起着非常重要的作用。玫瑰花瓣的干燥或潮湿可能使玫瑰表面具有不同的微/纳米结构,具有不同的间距值,表现出不同的高粘附性或低粘附性。新鲜的玫瑰花瓣乳突结构具有超疏水和高粘附性表面;然而,干燥的玫瑰花瓣的乳突结构中具有超疏水和低粘性表面。类玫瑰状竹材的成功制备,可有效防止水分侵入竹材,延长竹子在不同领域的使用寿命。针对玫瑰花瓣的超疏水特性,可有效提高竹材的附加值,也将为竹/木材的疏水改性提供了一个新的研究方向。 相似文献
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受荷叶效应启发,使用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)模板二次转印复型技术,在负载聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)涂层的白蜡木素材表面遗态仿生制备了类荷叶微/纳米结构形貌,并赋予木材表面自清洁超疏水特性。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱元素分析仪、X射线衍射光谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪以及静态水接触角仪对白蜡木素材和遗态仿生类荷叶自清洁超疏水木材试样的微观形貌、化学元素组成、表面化学状态以及润湿性进行表征。结果表明,遗态仿生制备的类荷叶自清洁超疏水木材表面具有与荷叶表面微/纳米乳突结构类似的微观形貌。遗态仿生类荷叶自清洁超疏水木材没有改变白蜡木素材原有的色彩纹理,其表面静态水接触角约为151°,滚动角为6°,接近于遗态材料荷叶表面的接触角与滚动角,表现出超疏水能力;同时,表面的石墨粉能被水滴轻松冲洗掉,具有自清洁特性。这主要是由于木材表面沉积的PVB混合涂层中羟基与木材表面的羟基相结合,使其表面羟基数量有所减少,此外,含氟长链烷基聚合物的存在也增强了木材表面的疏水性能。 相似文献
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基于桐油热处理的竹材理化性质研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
寻求绿色、可持续发展的改性方法来生产耐用竹材制品,是目前竹产业面临的挑战。本文将桐油热处理技术应用于竹材改性,探讨了桐油热处理过程中桐油在竹材中的渗透行为和分布,研究了桐油与热处理的协同作用对竹材化学性质、物理性质、力学性质的影响以及相互作用机制。结果表明,桐油热处理不仅可以增强竹材的疏水性能和尺寸稳定性,改善竹材的防霉性能,而且竹材可以保持其良好的力学性能。与未处理竹材相比,200℃桐油热处理后竹材的饱水膨胀率从3.17%下降至2.42%,200℃桐油热处理后竹材径切面的接触角在300 s时仍可保持在100°以上。桐油热处理后竹材性能的改善归因于竹材化学成分的变化、纤维结晶度的增加、竹材外表面和细胞腔内表面油膜的形成。因此,桐油热处技术在竹材工业改性中具有良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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【目的】为了克服竹材易霉变的缺陷,采用水性杀菌剂对竹材进行热浴改性处理,揭示了改性处理对竹材防霉及胶合性能的影响规律,为研发竹材高效防霉技术提供科学依据。【方法】采用水性异噻唑啉酮衍生物复合杀菌剂（MBI）、异噻唑啉酮衍生物与氨基甲酸酯衍生物复合杀菌剂（DIB）、硼砂硼酸混合物（BB）溶液对竹片进行热浴改性处理,系统研究了改性处理条件对竹材吸液率、失重率、淀粉含量、接触角、竹材防霉和胶合性能、有机杀菌剂循环热浴稳定性的影响规律。【结果】相较于25℃浸泡处理,杀菌剂热浴改性提升了竹材的吸液率、失重率、淀粉脱除率及防霉性能,且有机杀菌剂的防霉效率高于无机杀菌剂,其中DIB与MBI热浴处理竹材对黑曲霉与混合菌（桔青霉和绿色木霉）的防治效力均可达到100%。经杀菌剂热浴处理后,MBI和BB改性处理竹材的表面润湿性降低,胶合性能提升,DIB改性处理竹材的表面润湿性提升,胶合性能基本保持不变,表明杀菌剂热浴改性处理对竹材表面润湿性和胶合性能的影响与杀菌剂的种类相关。经过10次循环热浴处理后,DIB、MBI处理液的抑菌活性下降幅度均不超过30%,表明水性有机杀菌剂的热浴稳定性高。【结论】杀菌剂热浴改... 相似文献
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采用两种不同溶剂的糠醇溶液对竹材进行浸渍改性,并对改性后的竹材的力学性能、尺寸稳定性、平衡含水率及防霉性能进行测试。研究结果显示:以乙醇为溶剂的糠醇溶液改性竹材平均增重率(WPG)为5.21%,顺纹抗压强度增加37.26%,抗弯强度和模量增加不显著;平衡含水率降低25.97%;75%湿度状态到绝干状态的抗干缩系数为8.72%,物理力学性能均优于以水做溶剂的配方。经糠醇树脂改性后竹材的防霉性能改善显著,能有效减缓霉菌生长速度,经表面擦拭后,改性后的竹材表面霉变现象不显著,而对照样有明显的霉斑,糠醇树脂改性至少能有效改善竹材的防霉性能。 相似文献
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以异氰酸酯对竹材表面进行接枝改性,大幅提升了天然竹材的抗蚀性能。研究中分别以热水预处理竹材(H-bam)和碱预处理竹材(A-bam)为原料,采用二环己甲烷4,4′-二异氰酸酯(HMDI)为改性剂,得到改性竹材样品H-HMDI-bam和A-HMDI-bam。抗蚀机制研究表明:改性后竹材表面的羟基数量明显减少,羰基、酰胺官能团增加,HMDI成功接枝到纤维表面并成絮状包裹状,A-HMDI-bam和H-HMDI-bam的负载量分别为6.342和4.080 mmol/cm^2。改性样品疏水性明显增强,其中H-HMDI-bam表现优异,吸水率由原料的68.7%下降到35.5%,孔径和孔体积大幅下降到33.48 nm和0.039 0 cm^3/g。SEM观察表明H-HMDI-bam样品无明显被腐蚀的痕迹,腐蚀等级为0～1级,与工业传统炭化抗腐处理工艺水平相当。 相似文献
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整形竹的研究(2)--物理力学性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用一种新的竹材加工方式、用自行设计和制造的高温成型设备试制了横截面为矩形的整形竹.整形竹竹壁完好,竹内填充稻草.压缩整形时的温度、时间、压缩率和填充材料的性质都直接影响整形竹的尺寸稳定性.整形竹的吸湿性和吸湿线湿胀率同天然竹材相近,吸水率和吸水线湿胀率高于天然竹材,但是有明显的时间滞后现象.在200℃温度时,处理周期为20min的整形竹其吸湿率、吸水率、湿胀率和压缩回复率明显低于周期为15min的试样.整形竹的尺寸稳定性比压缩木更均匀.顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量同木材相近,而试件破坏形式有很大区别. 相似文献
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以竹子开条、开片或拉丝加工过程产生的长条状剩余物为研究对象,采用低温碱液润胀、苄化处理试验,系统研究了预处理及苄化反应条件对竹材增重率(苄化率)的影响;并借助FTIR、X-射线、SEM、DSC等现代分析手段研究分析了苄化竹材的微观结构、化学结构特征及热熔特征的变化规律。试验结果表明:碱液润胀工艺对竹材苄化增重率的影响最大,苄化试剂用量与反应时间对竹材苄化也有不同程度的作用。在试验范围内较佳的工艺条件为:碱液浓度22.5%、润胀时间10 h、苄化试剂用量50 mL、反应时间1 h。苄化增重率不同,苄化竹材的玻璃化转变温度有显著差异。将苄化增重率45%～50%的变性竹材按同纤维方向重组,可在温度为140℃、单位压力2.0MPa的条件下热压熔接成板。 相似文献
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Effects of low bondability of acetylated fibers on mechanical properties and dimensional stability of fiberboard 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hideaki Korai 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(6):430-436
Fiberboards were prepared from acetylated fibers with various weight gains: 0, 4.7, 9.4, 18.5, and 24.8 weight percent gain (WPG). The effects of low bondability of acetylated fibers on mechanical properties and dimensional changes were determined. The decreased mechanical properties of acetylated fiberboard are mainly due to low bondability. To improve bending strength, high face density is also needed. The thickness swelling according to JIS and the linear expansion under relative humidity changes decreased with increasing WPG. As for accelerated weathering and the outdoor exposure test, the thickness changes in 4.7–18.5 WPG boards were much higher than those in OWPG board and 24.8 WPG board. The high thickness change in 4.7–18.5 WPG boards is due to low bondability. Although 24.8 WPG board also has low bondability, the thickness change of 24.8 WPG board decreased. The high dimensional stability of acetylated fibers, caused by high WPG, probably outweighs the dimensional change caused by low bondability. On the other hand, during the boiling test the thickness changes in 24.8 WPG board and the 4.7–18.5 WPG boards were higher than those in 0 WPG board. The effect of the boiling test on the boards is more severe than that seen with the accelerated weathering and outdoor exposure test; therefore, the effects of the low bondability probably cancel the effects of the high WPG. It is necessary to increase the bondability of acetylated fibers to improve the dimensional stability and the mechanical properties. 相似文献
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Preparation of acetylated wood meal and polypropylene composites II: mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the composites 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Acetylated wood meals of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) wood were prepared by mechanochemical processing using a high-speed vibration rod mill. Weight percent gain (WPG) of the acetylated wood meals ranged from 7.0 to 35.5 %. Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) containing 50 % acetylated woods were produced by an injection molding technique. The polymer matrix used was polypropylene homopolymer. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was also used as a compatibilizing agent. The mechanical properties of WPCs in bending and tensile tests were independent of WPG of acetylated wood meals, and the test values for WPCs containing acetylated wood meals were lower than that of unmodified wood meal. The use of MAPP increased bending and tensile strength, but no effect on bending modulus was found. An increase in WPG significantly decreased water absorbability and thickness swelling of WPCs as measured by dimensional stability tests. These results demonstrated that mechanochemical processing is a promising technique for preparing WPC material with improved dimensional stability. The future challenge is to inhibit the decreases in mechanical properties of WPCs containing acetylated wood meals. 相似文献
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Potassium acetate-catalyzed acetylation of wood: extraordinarily rapid acetylation at 120°C 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The catalytic effect of potassium acetate (KAc) on wood acetylation was investigated. Spruce wood specimens were impregnated
with KAc and then heated in acetic anhydride at 120°C. The degree of acetylation was evaluated by the weight percent gain
(WPG). In the presence of KAc, the reaction time to achieve a 20% WPG decreased by a factor of 200: 2 min was required in
the KAc-catalyzed acetylation, while the uncatalyzed acetylation required at least 5 h. The hygroscopicity and dimensional
stability of acetylated wood depended on the WPG irrespective of the treatment methods. This fact proved that KAc had no adverse
influence on the dimensional stability of acetylated wood. As KAc is a cheap, water-soluble and non-toxic salt it can be a
useful catalyst for the extraordinarily rapid acetylation of wood. 相似文献
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采用高强度玻璃纤维对竹环氧集成材进行改性试验。结果表明:当采用热压压力为1.4 MPa、玻璃纤维均布密度为7.5 mm/根、热压时间为1.0 min/mm(厚)、热压温度为145℃的生产工艺,环氧集成材压缩强度最佳;当采用热压压力为1.4 MPa、玻璃纤维均布密度为5.0 mm/根、热压时间为1.2 min/mm(厚)、热压温度140℃的生产工艺,环氧集成材层间剪切性能最佳。 相似文献
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Ezomatsu wood blocks were impregnated with potassium acetate (KAc) and then exposed to acetic anhydride vapor at 25°C and
120°C. The KAc-impregnated wood was rapidly acetylated at 120°C, and only 6 min was needed to achieve 20% weight percent gain
(WPG). The WPG increased with increasing catalyst loading (CL), but it turned to decrease above 20% CL probably because the
diffusion of acetic anhydride vapor was hindered by excess KAc depositing in the cell lumina. Thus, careful control of CL
is necessary in the vapor-phase acetylation. KAc was also effective in catalyzing the vapor-phase acetylation at 25°C: the
KAc-impregnated wood attained 20% WPG within 7 days, whereas the WPG did not exceed 10% even after 1 month in the uncatalyzed
system. Irrespective of treatment methods, the hygroscopicity of wood was reduced and its dimensional stability was improved
with an increase of WPG. These results confirm that the use of KAc simplifies the acetylation process at room temperature
with minimal loss of acetic anhydride. 相似文献
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竹缠绕技术在国民经济发展中的地位与作用 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
竹缠绕技术充分利用竹材的柔韧性,以竹篾为基本单元,缠绕制备生物基复合材料,该技术是竹材科学领域的一项创新。采用竹缠绕技术制造的管道、管廊等曲面产品充分利用竹材轴向拉伸强度高的特点,在产品结构中形成无应力缺陷分布,满足了承压等工程技术要求,具有高性价比、低碳环保、抗震抗沉降能力强、保温性能好等特点,与同类产品比较,优势明显。该技术拥有完全自主知识产权,已被认定达到国际领先水平,是我国乃至全球绿色发展的代表性民生需求技术,是充分利用竹资源、精准扶贫和减缓气候变化的有效途径,具有巨大的经济、生态、环境等效益。竹缠绕复合材料产业具有资源特色和独特技术优势,市场竞争力强,是竹产业走工业化、智能化、国际化的典范,不仅在竹产业发展中发挥引领带动作用,而且在国民经济发展中具有重要的地位和作用。 相似文献