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《中国兽医学报》2018,(12)
疫苗免疫是防控猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染的重要措施,但在疫苗免疫猪场也存在PCV2感染的情况,为了探究免疫猪场出现病毒感染的可能原因,本研究对7个规模化疫苗免疫猪场和2个非疫苗免疫猪场共计262份血清样品进行PCV2抗体和病毒检测,分析比较疫苗免疫猪场和非免疫猪场PCV2分离株的全基因组序列,从基因差异方面探讨免疫猪场发生PCV2感染的可能机制。结果显示,免疫猪的平均血清抗体阳性率为65.17%(116/178),最高为88.89%(24/27),最低为26.67%(8/30),说明不同猪场存在较大差异;非免疫猪的平均抗体阳性率为15.48%(13/84),猪场PCV2阳性率为100.00%(2/2),说明检测的猪场均存在PCV2的感染。通过常规PCR从抗体阳性的6份猪血清中扩增到PCV2全基因组序列(2个来自免疫猪场,4个来自非免疫猪场)。基因分析发现,该6个PCV2毒株的基因组全长均为1 767bp;6个毒株之间Rep基因序列相似性为97.1%～99.8%,与GenBank中收录的国内外24个分离株之间的相似性为94.2%～100.0%,具有较高的保守性;6个毒株之间Cap基因序列相似性为82.7%～99.2%,与国内外24个分离株之间的同源性为78.5%～98.1%,Cap基因的变异程度较大。对免疫猪场分离株和非免疫猪场分离株全基因组序列的比对并未显示出显著性差异,说明这两类猪场感染的PCV2毒株并未出现明显的变异。结果表明,疫苗免疫在PCV2感染的防控中具有重要作用,免疫猪场出现病毒再次感染主要是各种原因造成的免疫失败所致,免疫猪场感染的PCV2毒株并未出现明显的变异,而对PCV2感染的防控中除了要做好疫苗的免疫接种外,良好的饲养管理和兽医卫生措施至关重要。 相似文献
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试验以石河子地区7个规模化猪场为研究对象,收集不同类别猪血液样本共1208份,应用猪圆环病毒2型ELISA抗体检测方法对石河子市规模化猪场的PCV2感染状况进行血清流行病学调查。经过对石河子地区4个未免疫PCV2疫苗规模化猪场的681份血清调查,结果该4个规模化猪场PCV2平均抗体阳性率为49.93%（340/681）;经过对石河子地区3个免疫PCV2疫苗的规模化猪场的527份血清调查,结果平均抗体阳性率为92.03%（485/527）。发现PCV2目前在石河子地区规模化猪场中感染较严重,所以对该地区未免疫PCV2的规模化猪场建议净化后进行该疫苗免疫,建议免疫方案为：1）种公猪、种母猪每年免疫3～4次,1头份/头;2）仔猪14～20日龄免疫1次,间隔3周加强免疫1次,0.5头份/头。3个免疫PCV2疫苗的猪场目前免疫抗体水平比较理想,基本可以有效预防该病。 相似文献
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为摸清当前安徽省猪群中PCV2感染情况及疫苗的免疫效果,本试验采集了12个猪场的289份猪扁桃体和289份猪血清样品,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测扁桃体中的PCV2,采用ELISA方法检测血清中PCV2抗体。试验结果显示:猪群PCV2感染率为11.8%,其中大型猪场、中型猪场、小型猪场感染率分别为8%、0%、26%,生产母猪、后备母猪、保育猪及育肥猪感染率分别为12%、16%、0%、17%;猪群PCV2抗体阳性率92.4%,其中大型猪场、中型猪场、小型猪场阳性率分别为96%、82%、98%,生产母猪、后备母猪、保育猪、育肥猪阳性率分别为100%、91%、82%、98%。安徽省猪群存在PCV2隐性感染,其中小型猪场及育肥猪群感染率较高;不同养殖规模、不同生长阶段猪群猪圆环病毒疫苗免疫效果良好。 相似文献
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规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型的血清流行病学调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)血清学流行情况,采用ELISA进行PCV2抗体检测。结果表明,运城地区规模化猪场广泛存在PCV2感染,未免疫接种猪圆环病毒疫苗的外观健康猪血清样品中PCV2抗体平均阳性率为49.66%,其中种猪感染率达67%,哺乳仔猪感染率4.55%,保育猪感染率43%,育肥猪感染率64.71%;外观健康猪群检测结果提示,随着年龄的增长PCV2感染有升高趋势。为了进一步研究猪圆环病毒感染各症候群在规模化场发病特点及流行规律,采集临床疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、仔猪先天性震颤(Congenital tremors,CT)、猪肾炎皮炎综合征(PDNS)、猪的繁殖障碍(Reproductive failure)、PCV2相关性肺炎等症状猪血清400份进行PCV2抗体检测。检测结果显示,疑似PMWS症状PCV2抗体阳性率最高,达86.25%,然后依次是疑似PCV2相关性肺炎阳性率56.25%,疑似PDNS阳性率46.25%,疑似繁殖障碍阳性率26.25%,最低的是疑似CT阳性率11.25%。研究结果表明,运城地区规模化猪场PCV2感染以PMWS和PCV2相关性肺炎为主,其次是PDNS和繁殖障碍,仔猪先天性震颤感染率最低。 相似文献
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《经济动物学报》2016,(3)
2013年8月至2014年12月,从湖南湘西未接种任何疫苗(除猪瘟苗外)的山区小型猪场、农村传统饲养户以及部分野猪场采集了1 390份猪血清样品,通过酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),血清学检测猪2型圆环病毒(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)的血清抗体,对已确认为PCV2抗体阳性的血清进行猪蓝耳病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV),以及猪伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)的血清抗体检测。检测结果显示PCV2血清抗体阳性率,小型猪场的为86%、农村传统饲养猪为78%、土猪场为69%、野猪场为25%。结果表明:湘西山区小型猪场、农村传统饲养户、部分野猪场的PCV2血清抗体阳性率不同,这种抗体阳性率的高低可能与饲养密度、饲养方式、品种和环境有关。本调查通过对湘西周边山区猪群的PCV2血清抗体阳性进行检测及统计分析,发现山区微小猪场及农户散养猪只具有较高的抗体阳性率,而抗体阳性率在一定程度上代表着PCV2的感染率。因此,加强PCV2免疫接种,将有利于防控PCV2相关性疾病的发生以及其他疾病继发的感染。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2014,(5)
为了弄清猪2型圆环病毒感染在该猪场的感染状况、流行特点及优势基因型等情况。采用ELISA检测技术和PCR技术,对新疆某规模化猪场的不同生产阶段猪群进行猪2型圆环病毒(PCV2)抗体检测和基因型检测。结果猪圆环病毒病(PCVD)在该猪场猪群中的平均抗体阳性率为72.41%,不同生长阶段的猪群感染情况分别为哺乳仔猪69.74%、断奶仔猪62.75%、育肥猪77.88%、母猪81.67%以及种公猪83.33%;对采集的11份抗体阳性的断奶猪只的脏器病料PCR检测,其中5份为PCR阳性(45.45%),经克隆测序分析发现,该猪场5株PCV2毒株序列之间的相似性在99.3%99.9%之间,且均属于PCV2b这一亚型。结果表明,该猪场的PCV2感染流行已非常严重,整体流行特征表现为猪只日龄越大,感染情况越严重,且流行的优势基因型为PCV2b亚型,应该引起养殖户的高度重视,需要立即采取针对有效的防治净化措施。 相似文献
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为了了解2021年新疆部分地区猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的抗体水平,以期为该病的科学防控提供参考。本试验采用间接ELISA (酶联免疫吸附试验)对来自3个地区7个猪场的201份血清样品进行PCV2抗体检测。结果显示,PCV2抗体平均阳性率为87.06%(175/201),高于国家规定标准(70%),抗体的平均离散度为0.77;在调查的7个规模化猪场中,所有猪场的PCV2抗体阳性率均达到国家规定标准,表明新疆地区猪PCV2的免疫效果较好,但一些猪场的PCV2抗体的S/P值变异系数偏大,免疫抗体S/P值参差不齐,需要对现有免疫程序进行调整和完善。本试验为新疆地区猪PCV2的防控工作提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
应用ELISA方法对河北省及北京、天津地区部分规模猪场和散养猪群共398份猪血清样品进行猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)抗体检测,结果抗体阳性率为90.9%,血清样品抗体总阳性率为84.2%,其中种母猪抗体阳性率86%,种公猪88.2%,育肥猪85.2%,断奶仔猪76.7%,初步表明PCV2感染在被检地区猪群中普遍存在。对阳性的血清样品中随机抽取14份,用PCR方法进行PCV2 ORF1基因的检测,结果从6份血清中扩增到了特异性目的基因片段,检出率为42.9%,进一步证实了PCV2感染在上述地区规模猪场和散养猪群中存在。 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
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Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献
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2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
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Campos SG Cavaglieri LR Fernández Juri MG Dalcero AM Krüger C Keller LA Magnoli CE Rosa CA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):377-383
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food. 相似文献