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1.
军曹鱼幼鱼维生素C需要量的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
选用初体均重为25.85 g的军曹鱼幼鱼225尾随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复15尾.分别投喂添加5种不同剂量维生素C(添加量分别为0、37.5、75、150和300 mg/kg)的试验饲料,试验期为56 d,观察维生素c对军曹鱼幼鱼生长、组织维生素C积累量及非特异性免疫的影响.结果表明,随着饲料中维生素C添加量增加,军曹鱼幼鱼增重率和特定生长率呈现出上升后下降趋势,在75 mg/kg时达到最高值,显著高于0和300 mg/kg组(P<0.05).全鱼粗蛋白质含量随着饲料中维生素C添加量的升高亦呈现先上升后下降趋势,在75 mg/kg时达到最高值,全鱼干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量在各组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05).血清维生素C积累量随着饲料中维生素C添加量的增加呈现先上升后下降趋势,在150 mg/kg时达到最高值且显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05);脑和肝脏中维生素C含量在300 mg/kg时达到最高值.300 mg/kg组脑中维生素C含量显著高于0,37.5和75 mg/kg组(P<0.05),肝脏中维生素C含量显著高于0,37.5和150 mg/kg组(P<0.05).随着饲料中维生素C添加量的增加,溶菌酶活性呈现先上升后下降趋势,在75 mg/kg达到最高,显著高于0,37.5和300 mg/kg组(P<0.05);血清总抗氧化能力呈现上升趋势,75、150和300 mg/kg组显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05);肾抗氧离子自由基在150 mg/kg组达到最高,但各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05).以鱼体增重率和血清溶菌酶含量为指标,经折线模型回归分析求得军曹鱼幼鱼饲料中维生素C的适宜添加量分别为70和80.72 mg/kg.  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在探究在氯化钴(Co-Cl)和蛋氨酸钴(Co-Met) 2种钴(Co)源下饲料Co含量对军曹鱼幼鱼生长性能、血液学指标和组织Co沉积的影响,并比较2种Co源的生物学效价。以脱维酪蛋白和鱼粉为主要蛋白质源配制基础饲料,在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、2、4、8、16、32 mg/kg(以Co计)的Co-Cl或Co-M et,配制11种试验饲料(共用对照)。挑选健康的初始体重为(22.18±0.35) g的军曹鱼幼鱼990尾,随机分为11组,每组分配3个网箱(重复),投喂同一种试验饲料,每个网箱养殖30尾鱼,共投喂10周。结果显示:1) 2种Co源下,特定生长率(SGR)、增重率(WGR)均随饲料Co含量的增加先上升后下降。饲料Co含量极显著影响军曹鱼幼鱼的SGR、WGR和饲料系数(FCR)(P0.01),饲粮Co源和Co含量的交互作用显著影响SGR、WGR、成活率(SR)(P0.05)。2)饲粮Co源极显著影响红细胞计数(RBC)(P 0.01),饲料Co含量极显著影响RBC、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)(P0.01),饲料Co源和Co含量的交互作用极显著影响HCT (P0.01)。3)饲料Co源极显著影响脊椎骨Co含量(P 0.01),饲料Co含量极显著影响脊椎骨和全鱼Co含量(P 0.01),饲料Co源和Co含量的交互作用显著影响脊椎骨和全鱼Co含量(P0.05)。由此得出,饲料中适宜含量的Co可改善军曹鱼幼鱼的生长性能和血液学指标,提高组织中Co沉积量。以Co-Cl和Co-Met为Co源,饲料Co含量分别为17.75、19.40 mg/kg时军曹鱼幼鱼可获得最大SGR。以SGR、RBC、脊椎骨Co含量为判据,Co-Met的生物学效价分别为Co-Cl的1.47、1.49、1.12倍。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究饲料中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标和抗氨氮应激能力的影响。选取初始体重为(0. 98±0.03) g的黄颡鱼800尾,随机分为5组,每组设置4个重复,分别投喂添加0、250、500、1 000、2 000 mg/kg NCG的5种等氮等脂(42%粗蛋白质和7%脂肪)试验饲料。饲养56 d后,应用氯化铵进行72 h氨氮应激试验。结果表明:1)特定生长率在250 mg/kg组达到最大值,显著高于其他各组(P0.05);与0 mg/kg组相比,NCG添加量达到2 000 mg/kg时黄颡鱼饲料系数显著升高(P0.05),存活率显著下降(P0.05)。2) 500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg组黄颡鱼血清总蛋白含量显著高于0 mg/kg组(P0.05)。黄颡鱼的肝体比、脏体比及血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白含量在2 000 mg/kg组达到最低,血清尿素含量在2 000 mg/kg组达到最高。饲料中添加NCG对黄颡鱼肥满度,全鱼干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量,血清低密度脂蛋白含量及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。3)黄颡鱼氨氮应激24、48、72 h的累积死亡率随饲料NCG添加量增加均呈现先降低后升高趋势,在250 mg/kg组累积死亡率达到最低。综上所述,饲料添加250 mg/kg NCG能够提高黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和抗氨氮应激能力,添加2 000 mg/kg NCG降低黄颡鱼幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料利用率和存活率。以特定生长率为评价指标,通过二次回归分析计算出黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中NCG的适宜添加量为217.98 mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究饲料中添加谷胱甘肽对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标和抗氨氮应激能力的影响。选用初始体重为(1.32±0.01)g的黄颡鱼800尾,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复40尾鱼。对照组投喂基础饲料,试验组分别投喂基础饲料中添加100、300、500、700 mg/kg谷胱甘肽的试验饲料。饲养56 d后,利用氯化铵进行氨氮应激试验。结果表明:1)随着饲料中谷胱甘肽添加量的增加,黄颡鱼的增重、特定生长率和蛋白质效率呈现先升高后下降的趋势,均在添加量为300 mg/kg时达到最大值,且100~500 mg/kg组均显著高于对照组(P0.05);各组之间的饲料系数、肥满度和肝体比差异不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,300~700 mg/kg组全鱼粗蛋白质和100~700 mg/kg组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著升高(P0.05)。3)饲料中添加谷胱甘肽对黄颡鱼血清总蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、尿素氮含量和谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)氨氮应激后,试验组黄颡鱼死亡时间较对照组延迟,96 h时,各试验组黄颡鱼累积死亡率均低于对照组,其中100和300 mg/kg组显著降低(P0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加谷胱甘肽可以提高黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能、全鱼体粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量及抗氨氮应激能力。利用二次回归方程拟合特定生长率和谷胱甘肽添加量,得出谷胱甘肽在黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中的适宜添加量为357.69 mg/kg。  相似文献   

5.
草鱼幼鱼对缬氨酸需要量的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
试验选用体重(9.5±0.3)g的草鱼幼鱼,随机分成6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾;以花生仁粕、酪蛋白及明胶为蛋白质源,分别饲喂缬氨酸水平为7.3～22.3 g/kg的6组等氮半精制饲料(粗蛋白质含量为32%),经70 d的生长试验研究其日粮缬氨酸的最适需求量.试验结果表明:日粮缬氨酸水平对草幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、肌肉RNA/DNA比率、鱼体常规成分组成、消化酶活性、肝胰脏谷草-谷丙转氨酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性以及血液学指标都有显著的影响(P<0.05).随日粮缬氨酸水平的增加,增重率,特定生长率、蛋白质效率及肌肉RNA/DNA比率均呈先升后降趋势,均在16.3 g/kg组达到最大值(P<0.05).以增重率、特定生长率、肌肉RNA/DNA比率为基础对饲料缬氨酸水平进行二次回归分析,确定草鱼幼鱼日粮(32%粗蛋白质)缬氨酸适宜需要量分别为15.6、15.1及16.0 g/kg(日粮基础)或48.8、47.2及50.0 g/kg(日粮蛋白质基础).  相似文献   

6.
文章旨在研究饲料中硒水平对鲈鱼幼鱼生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选用(12.30±0.04)g的鲈鱼幼鱼720尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾幼鱼,分别投喂硒含量为0.06、0.37、0.65、0.97、1.28、1.60 mg/kg的6种等氮等脂饲料60 d。结果显示:鲈鱼的增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率随着饲料硒含量的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在饲料硒含量为0.97mg/kg时达到最高,显著高于除0.65 mg/kg组外的其他各组(P0.05)。存活率各组均为100%。全鱼粗蛋白质含量在饲料硒含量为0.97 mg/kg时最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.06 mg/kg和0.65 mg/kg的组(P0.05)。0.06 mg/kg组鲈鱼幼鱼的全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于0.37、1.28 mg/kg和1.60mg/kg组(P0.05),而鲈鱼幼鱼的全鱼水分在0.06 mg/kg组高于其他各组,且与0.37、0.97、1.28 mg/kg和1.60mg/kg组差异显著(P0.05)。试验鱼肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性随饲料硒含量增加而升高,与饲料硒含量呈正协同关系。肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性表现为先升高再降低,而后在饲料硒含量为1.60mg/kg时又出现升高。以增重率和特定生长率为评价指标,通过二次回归分析得出,鲈鱼幼鱼饲料中硒的适宜含量为0.81 mg/kg。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究硒源和硒水平对军曹鱼幼鱼生长性能、肝脏和血清抗氧化指标及组织硒含量的影响,以确定军曹鱼幼鱼对不同硒源的最适需要量。在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、0.3、0.6、0.9和1.2 mg/kg(以硒计)的亚硒酸钠(Se-S)或蛋氨酸硒(Se-Met),配制9种试验饲料(共用对照饲料),饱食投喂初始体重为(22.18±0.35)g的军曹鱼幼鱼10周。每种试验饲料投喂3个网箱(重复),每个网箱放养30尾试验鱼。结果表明:1)硒水平对特定生长率(SGR)和增重率(WGR)有极显著影响(P0.01),但对成活率(SR)和饲料系数(FCR)无显著影响(P0.05);硒源及硒源与硒水平的交互作用对SGR、W GR、FCR和SR均无显著影响(P0.05)。SGR和W GR随着硒水平的升高先升高后降低。2)硒水平极显著影响肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量及血清GSH-Px活性(P0.01),并显著影响血清GR活性(P0.05);硒源极显著影响肝脏GR、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和MDA含量及血清T-SOD活性(P0.01);硒源和硒水平的交互作用显著影响肝脏CAT活性和MDA含量及血清T-SOD活性(P0.05)。肝脏和血清GSH-Px活性随着硒水平的升高呈先升高后稳定趋势,GR活性呈先下降后稳定趋势。2种硒源均在添加量为0.9 mg/kg时有最高的肝脏GSH-Px活性,最低的肝脏GR活性。肝脏CAT活性随着硒水平的升高逐渐升高。3)脊椎骨、全鱼和肝脏硒含量随硒水平的升高而增加。硒源极显著影响脊椎骨硒含量(P0.01),硒源和硒水平的交互作用极显著影响肝脏和脊椎骨硒含量(P0.01)。以蛋氨酸硒和亚硒酸钠为硒源,通过二次回归曲线分析得出饲料硒水平分别为1.29和1.46 mg/kg时军曹鱼幼鱼可以获得最大SGR。以SGR和全鱼硒含量为判据,军曹鱼幼鱼对蛋氨酸硒的生物利用率分别相当于亚硒酸钠的1.20和2.90倍。  相似文献   

8.
本试验研究了在斑点叉尾鮰饲粮中添加DL-肉碱复合物和复合胆汁酸对其生长性能的影响.采用单因子三重复试验设计,以135尾平均体重(30.6±0.2)g的斑点叉尾鮰随机分为3组.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,DL-肉碱复合物组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加DL-肉碱复合物200 mg/kg的饲粮,DL肉碱复合物-复合胆汁酸组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加DL-肉碱复合物200 mg/kg+复合胆汁酸37.5 mg/kg的饲粮.试验期为8周.结果表明:与对照组相比,在饲粮中添加DL-肉碱复合物能够显著提高饲料效率17.28%(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数15.43%(P<0.05),提高特定生长率12.50%;补充添加DL-肉碱复合物+复合胆汁酸后特定生长率和饲料转化效率较DL-肉碱复合物单独添加组分别降低4.27%和5.76%,差异不显著.  相似文献   

9.
试验旨在研究饲料中添加香菇多糖对黄羽肉鸡免疫功能及生长性能的影响。选取1日龄体重接近的黄羽肉鸡180只,随机分为6个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。空白对照组：饲喂基础饲粮;25 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加25 mg/kg的香菇多糖;50 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg香菇多糖;100 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg香菇多糖;150 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加150 mg/kg香菇多糖;200 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg香菇多糖,试验期为42 d。结果表明,在饲料中连续14～42 d添加150～200 mg/kg的香菇多糖可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清一氧化氮（NO）、白介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、溶菌酶（LZM）含量和免疫器官指数（P<0.05）,在饲料中连续42 d添加50～150 mg/kg可显著提高黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重、特定生长率和饲料转化率（P<0.05）。综上,在饲料中添加适宜剂量的香菇多糖可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清NO、IL-2、IFN-γ...  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在研究维生素E在罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中的应用及耐受性。选用400尾大小均匀[平均体重(3.25±0.02)g]、健康的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾。各组分别投喂添加0(对照)、25、50、250、2 500 mg/kg维生素E的试验饲料。试验期56 d。结果表明:维生素E添加量为250 mg/kg组的鱼体增重率、特定生长率显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),其他4组间差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组成活率要低于其他4组,且差异与50和2 500 mg/kg组达到显著水平(P<0.05)。维生素E添加量为250 mg/kg组的血清超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。维生素E添加量为250 mg/kg组的血清和肝胰脏丙二醛含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示,维生素E能提高罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能,增强机体抗氧化能力。过量的维生素E虽能降低罗非鱼的脂质过氧化反应,但同时会抑制罗非鱼幼鱼生长。根据罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化酶活性及生化指标,确定维生素E对罗非鱼幼鱼56 d最大未观察到有害作用剂量为8.50 mg/(kg.d)。  相似文献   

11.
本试验研究饲料不同水平吡啶甲酸铬对其生长、饲料利用,体成分、血液生化指标和非特异性免疫功能的影响。600尾吉富罗非鱼分为5个处理组,每个处理各设4个重复,每重复30尾鱼。每个处理铬添加量分别为0、0.4、0.8、1.2 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg,在0.38 m3玻璃纤维钢桶中用开放式流水养殖,饲养8周。结果表明,饲料中添加吡啶甲酸铬对吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特异生长率、饲料系数、蛋白效率及蛋白质沉积率均有显著影响(P<0.05)。当铬添加量为0～0.8 mg/kg时,随着添加量增加,可显著提高吉富罗非鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数(P<0.05),但对成活率和肝体比无显著影响(P>0.05);当饲料中添加为1.2 mg/kg～10.0 mg/kg时并未能进一步提高罗非鱼的生长和饲料利用。同时,铬添加水平为0～0.8 mg/kg,随着添加水平增加,显著提高吉富罗非鱼全鱼的蛋白质和磷含量(P<0.05),显著降低全鱼水分、脂肪和灰分含量(P<0.05),并显著提高吉富罗非鱼血清总蛋白含量以及肝胰脏AKP、ACP和LZM的活性(P<0.05),显著降低血清葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),但对血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量及肝胰脏T-SOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。当饲料中添加铬1.2 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg,除了显著降低肝胰脏AKP活性外(P<0.05),对血清生化指标和肝胰脏非特异性免疫酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合生长、饲料利用、体组成成分、血液生化指标和肝胰脏非特异性免疫酶活性的影响结果表明,对于0.91～4.93 g吉富罗非鱼,饲料中以吡啶甲酸铬的形式添加0.8～1.2 mg/kg铬为宜。  相似文献   

12.
本文旨在研究5种等氮等能饲料中,维生素A添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannameiBoone)生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫反应的影响。试验选用平均初始体重为(0.069±0.005)g的凡纳滨对虾450尾,随机分为5个处理组,每组90尾,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾。试验采用单因素设计,以维生素A醋酸酯为维生素A源,用添加不同水平维生素A(添加量分别为0、18、365、4和72 mg/kg)的饲料喂养凡纳滨对虾,试验期11周。结果表明:在养殖前4周,饲料中添加维生素A显著促进凡纳滨对虾的生长(P<0.05),提高其对饲料利用效率(P<0.05),而对对虾的成活率不产生显著的影响(P>0.05);第11周的结果表明,饲料中添加维生素A并不能显著影响凡纳滨对虾的生长、饲料利用效率和成活率(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾体脂肪、蛋白质含量的影响显著(P<0.05),对对虾体水分和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。维生素A对对虾血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血液红细胞数量的影响显著(P<0.05),饲料中未添加维生素A或过量添加(超过36 mg/kg)均导致血清中溶菌酶活力、酚氧化酶活力和血细胞总数显著下降(P<0.0 5),而对血清超氧化物歧化酶活力无显著影响(P>0.0 5)。用折线回归模型分析饲料维生素A添加量与对虾增重率的变化关系,表明在试验前4周,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A的适宜添加量为2 2.5 0 mg/kg;1 1周试验期间,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A适宜添加量为1 8 mg/kg;以溶菌酶、酚氧化酶活力为指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中维生素A最适添加量为5 9.5 1 mg/kg。  相似文献   

13.
Pododermatitis is a worldwide problem in captive flamingos. Studies in domestic poultry showed that nutrition is a possible influencing factor for pododermatitis. Vitamin A and E, copper and zinc levels were analysed in two different diets (diet 1 = in‐house mix and diet 2 = commercial diet) and in plasma of captive greater flamingos fed these diets and compared to those of free‐ranging greater flamingos. Results were analysed with respect to type and severity of foot lesions of the individuals from the different groups. Juvenile and subadult/adult captive flamingos on diet 1 showed various types and severities of foot lesions, whereas no foot lesions were found at the time of blood sampling in juvenile captive flamingos on diet 2. Juvenile captive flamingos on diet 1 had significantly lower plasma zinc levels than juvenile captive flamingos on diet 2 and juvenile free‐ranging flamingos; data were also lower than reference ranges for flamingos, poultry and cranes. There were no significant differences in plasma vitamin A, vitamin E, copper or zinc levels between animals with different types of foot lesions or with different severity scores. Shortly after the change to diet 2 (fed to juvenile captive flamingos that did not show any foot lesion), the flooring of the outdoor water pools was covered with fine granular sand. Because both factors (nutrition and flooring) were changed during the same evaluation period, it cannot be concluded which factor contributed in what extent to the reduction of foot lesions. While it is assumed that low plasma zinc levels identified in the group of juvenile captive flamingos on diet 1 were not directly responsible for foot lesions observed in these animals, they may have played a role in altering the skin integrity of the feet and predisposing them to pododermatitis.  相似文献   

14.
Individual dietary preferences and difficulty with animal training create challenges and nutritional concerns when evaluating a captive sea otter (Enhydra lutris) diet. The importance of vitamin A within the body reflects the necessity that it be ingested in adequate amounts to ensure optimal health. To compare levels of serum vitamin A concentrations from captive sea otters on daily oral vitamin A supplementation, serum samples from eight adult sea otters from three institutions were evaluated for serum vitamin A concentrations. The eight animals were fed a total of four different diets and received oral supplementation via three different methods. Multiple diet items were analyzed for vitamin A content and were found to have low to nondetectable levels of vitamin A. Oral vitamin A supplementation, as a slurry with dietary items, was shown to be effective and a mean serum concentration of approximately 170 +/- 51 microg/L was obtained for serum vitamin A concentrations in captive sea otters. Captive diets can be modified to increase vitamin A concentration and supplementation and, if accepted, can be used as a means to ensure adequate vitamin A intake.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The effects of dietary zinc and calcium on immunocompetence of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (mean initial weight = 3.1 g/fish) were determined after a 10-week feeding trial. Fish were fed daily amounts equal to 3% of their body weight of one of six purified diets that were deficient in zinc (2 mg/kg of diet), calcium (0.02% of diet), or both; replete with zinc (20 mg/kg of diet) and calcium (0.5% of diet); or excessive in zinc (200 mg/kg of diet) or calcium (2.5% of diet). Immunocompetence of immunized and nonimmunized fish fed the various diets was assessed by measuring serum immunoglobulin M levels and mortality after an intraperitoneal injection of live Aeromonas hydrophila. Channel catfish fed diets deficient in zinc, calcium, or both had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less weight gain and survival as compared with those fed diets replete with or excessive in zinc or calcium. Tissue mineral concentrations of fish indicated that various levels of zinc and calcium nutriture existed when immune functions were tested. Diet affected mortality of only nonimmunized fish in the bacterial-challenge test; zinc deficiency and calcium excess decreased mortality. Whereas growth and survival of fish were reduced by dietary zinc or calcium deficiency, the measured immunological characteristics were not equally impaired by these mineral deficiencies.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of sodium phytate supplementation on fat digestion and cholesterol metabolism were investigated in female rats. On the basis of an in vitro experiment showing that phytate raised the solubility of bile acids, it was predicted that phytate feeding would depress faecal bile acid excretion, raise apparent fat digestibility and elevate serum cholesterol concentrations. The experimental diets with or without sodium phytate were either cholesterol-free or cholesterol-rich and had a normal calcium concentration. Rats fed on the cholesterol-rich diet with sodium phytate showed enhanced faecal bile acid excretion, but there was no effect on fat digestibility. In rats fed the cholesterol-free diets, phytate did neither affect fat digestion nor bile acid excretion. Sodium phytate inclusion in the cholesterol-rich diet raised serum cholesterol concentrations, but reduced liver cholesterol concentration. Thus, the in vivo data do not agree with the in vitro observations. Both phytate and cholesterol feeding influenced mineral and trace element metabolism. Liver zinc concentrations were raised by phytate feeding. Cholesterol consumption reduced hepatic concentrations of copper, iron and zinc. Both phytate and cholesterol feeding reduced the apparent absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of dietary supplementation of zinc (Zn) sources and concentrations were investigated on growth performance, absorption into tissues, fecal excretion, nutrient retention, and intestinal morphology in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 525 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were assigned based on body weight to seven dietary treatments. There were five replicate pens for each treatment and 15 broilers per replicate pen. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control, without supplementing Zn), and basal diet supplemented with Zn, as inorganic zinc sulfate (ZnS; 110 mg/kg); organic Zn-methionine (ZnM; 110 mg/kg); hot-melt extruded (HME) 25 zinc sulfate (27.5 mg/kg); HME50 zinc sulfate (55 mg/kg); HME75 zinc sulfate (82.5 mg/kg); or HME100 zinc sulfate (110 mg/kg) for 35 days in two phases (d 1–21, phase I and d 22–35, phase II). Bodyweight and feed efficiency of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with increasing dietary concentrations of HME-Zn improved linearly during the study period (P<0.05). Compared to the control treatment, the ZnS, ZnM, and HME diets increased Zn concentrations in the serum and liver. Inorganic ZnS supply resulted in the highest Zn concentration in excreta. Increasing supplemented Zn content in diets as HME linearly increased Zn concentration in the excreta, serum, liver, and tibia. Broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of HME increased villus height (VH; linear and quadratic) of the jejunum and VH of the ileum (linear). Increasing concentrations of dietary Zn supplied as HME resulted in linearly enhanced dry matter, gross energy, and nitrogen retention of broilers on day 21. These results suggest that dietary HME-Zn at a lower level (55 ppm) shows the same growth performance as common ZnSO4 at 110 ppm.  相似文献   

18.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a new phytase supplementation in Jinding laying ducks fed different concentrations of non-phytate P (NPP) on production performance, mineral retention, and bone and plasma minerals. A 14-wk experiment was conducted using 200-d-old female laying ducks. A total of 1,000 laying ducks were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and fed 5 diets: a control diet that contained an adequate concentration of NPP (0.45%) and 4 diets that were deficient in NPP (0.38, 0.32, 0.25, and 0.18%, respectively) but supplemented with phytase at 500 U/kg. Decreasing the NPP content from 0.45 to 0.18% in the diets with phytase supplementation had no detrimental effects on performance. However, Cu and Zn retention was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for laying ducks consuming the 0.18% NPP diet with phytase supplementation. Likewise, laying ducks fed the 0.18% NPP diet had a significant reduction in bone ash, Ca, P, and Cu contents, and in serum P and Cu (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the decrease in NPP content in the diet with phytase supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) P retention. Therefore, with the supplementation of this novel phytase at 500 U, it is possible to reduce dietary concentrations of NPP to 0.25% and maintain the normal performance of laying ducks.  相似文献   

19.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid-to-carbohydrate ratio on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Six isonitrogenous diets were prepared to vary in lipid-to-carbohydrate ratio (g/g) as follows: D1, 2.26; D2, 1.31; D3, 0.78; D4, 0.47; D5, 0.34; and D6, 0.23. Cobias were fed to satiety for 8 weeks. The weight gain and protein efficiency ratio in D1 group were significantly lower than those in other groups (P < 0.05), accompanied by a lower level of feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Protein retention efficiency in D4 and D6 and whole body protein in D4 and D5 were significantly higher than those in D1 group (P < 0.05). Survival rate in D4 group was the highest among all groups and was significantly higher than that in D1, D2 and D5 (P < 0.05). In terms of serum triglyceride, D1 and D2 were significantly higher than D6 (P < 0.05). Hepatosomatic index in D3 and D4 was significantly lower than that in D1 (P < 0.05). Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase in D4 was significantly higher than that in D1 and D3 (P < 0.05). Phosphofructokinase in D3 and D4 and malic enzyme in D4 and D5 were significantly higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05). Results indicate that cobia utilizes carbohydrates as energy source more efficiently than it utilizes lipids. The optimal lipid-to-carbohydrate ratio in juvenile cobia diets is 0.47.  相似文献   

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