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1.
The Dauphiné province in south-eastern France is a major area for walnut orchards. Growers manage their orchards with some
specific agroforestry features: grafted walnut trees may be pruned to form a bottom log with a timber end use (dual purpose
trees), and intercrops may be grown between the tree lines. These agroforestry practices are however only partially adopted.
Three surveys were conducted in 1993, 1995 and 1996 to elicit the farmer motivations for adopting or rejecting agroforestry
management features. The walnut industry is a key activity in two parts of Dauphiné: the Isère valley, and the Diois basin.
The reasons for adoption of agroforestry practices are discussed. In the Isère valley, the priority is given to walnut production
in specialised farms, and the extension services are opposed to agroforestry practices. In the dryer Diois area, the main
explanations for agroforestry adoption were the welfare of the farmer family, the age of the farm manager, and the contribution
of walnut production to the family income. Dual purpose management schemes were characterised by extended investment return
delays, but proved to be the most rewarding schemes when practised with intercrops. A very extensive tree management with
few pest control operations improved the profitability. Intensive orchards had a low bequest value at the time of inheritance,
in contrast to dual-purpose orchards. The age of the farmer at planting time appeared to be a key criterion for agroforestry
management adoption.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
在山西省黎城县,对以核桃、花椒、君迁子为林冠的林药、林粮、林经等16种农林复合栽培模式前3年的经济效益进行了统计,并以净现值为指标进行了经济效益评价。结果表明,以花椒为林冠的复合类型投入成本较核桃和君迁子的低,且收入较其它2种的高;林药复合类型总体经济效益高于林粮和林经复合类型;林药复合类型中花椒—板蓝根复合栽培模式的经济效益最好,林粮复合类型中花椒—谷子复合栽培模式的经济效益最好,林经复合类型中核桃—辣椒复合栽培模式的经济效益最好。 相似文献
3.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):39-51
Summary Finding sustainable land-use systems within the Panama Canal Watershed will be necessary for future management by the Panamanian government. Agroforestry is a land-use option for small-scale farmers living within the Watershed that can help achieve the goals of both conservation and productivity. This case study qualitatively evaluates current agroforestry projects in the Canal Watershed using an analytical framework based on other evaluations of agroforestry systems in Central America. Designated criteria for the analysis include: management objectives, project life span, incentives, technology, economic feasibility, community involvement, and extension. These factors can present obstacles to wide-scale adoption of agroforestry systems by small-scale farmers, thus preventing the realization of associated benefits of agroforestry. The analysis of the three field sites visited in March 1998 is followed by recommendations for expanding agroforestry practices among farmers in the Watershed. 相似文献
4.
5.
Geraldo Stachetti Rodrigues Inacio de Barros Eugène Ejolle Ehabe Patrick Sama Lang Frank Enjalric 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,77(1):9-22
Farming Systems developed in Humid Tropical Zones are frequently characterized by a combination of perennial and annual plants,
intermixed in complex tree-crop associations. The productive functioning, the agronomic and economic performances, and the
sustainability of these crop associations remain poorly understood. To improve the management capacity of these complex agroforestry
systems, adequate indicators must be developed and integrated in assessment systems. These may then be used to aid farmers,
assisted by their extension agents, in making decisions regarding management practices. The present study focused on the agroforestry
systems developed by 38 farmers in the South West Region of Cameroon, which were surveyed for a large set of variables, aiming
at formulating a Traditional Agroforestry Performance Indicators System (TAPIS). Analyses of the relationships among indicators
in TAPIS allowed an improved understanding of agro-ecological and agro-economic performances in the studied plots, revealed
tradeoffs regarding plant stand, income generation, food production, input demands and work requirements; and may contribute
to the sustainability assessment of agroforestry systems. 相似文献
6.
Design and development of agroforestry systems for Illinois,USA: silvicultural and economic considerations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recommended managerial inputs and associated outputs expected from practicing agroforestry on marginal farm lands in the central
USA are discussed. Modeled management combinations are based on five timber species, three sites indices, three timber growth
rates, five agricultural crops, all common crop rotations, and three tillage systems. Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), combined with row crop production, is used to illustrate a specific multicropping alternative. Based on net present value,
modeled agroforestry systems incorporating black walnut performed better on the better sites and at the medium to high timber
growth rates whereas management systems using red oak (Quercus rubra L.) with row crops performed better on the poorer sites and at the lower growth rates. For agroforestry to be competitive with
traditional agriculture, medium to high timber growth rates were necessary. Also, lower interest rates and the existing U.S.
income tax structure favored agroforestry versus traditional agriculture. Substantial increases in net income may be possible
through incorporating other income producing activities such as nut production within the agroforestry system. 相似文献
7.
M. Rois-Díaz N. Lovric M. Lovric N. Ferreiro-Domínguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada M. den Herder A. Graves J. H. N. Palma J. A. Paulo A. Pisanelli J. Smith G. Moreno S. García A. Varga A. Pantera J. Mirck P. Burgess 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(4):811-828
Potential benefits and costs of agroforestry practices have been analysed by experts, but few studies have captured farmers’ perspectives on why agroforestry might be adopted on a European scale. This study provides answers to this question, through an analysis of 183 farmer interviews in 14 case study systems in eight European countries. The study systems included high natural and cultural value agroforestry systems, silvoarable systems, high value tree systems, and silvopasture systems, as well as systems where no agroforestry practices were occurring. A mixed method approach combining quantitative and qualitative approaches was taken throughout the interviews. Narrative thematic data analysis was performed. Data collection proceeded until no new themes emerged. Within a given case study, i.e. the different systems in different European regions, this sampling was performed both for farmers who practice agroforestry and farmers who did not. Results point to a great diversity of agroforestry practices, although many of the farmers are not aware of the term or concept of agroforestry, despite implementing the practice in their own farms. While only a few farmers mentioned eligibility for direct payments in the CAP as the main reason to remove trees from their land, to avoid the reduction of the funded area, the tradition in the family or the region, learning from others, and increasing the diversification of products play the most important role in adopting or not agroforestry systems. 相似文献
8.
In the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, family farmers are adjusting to agroecological principles to reconcile
sustainable agriculture, livelihood improvements and biodiversity conservation. Starting in 1993, experimentation with coffee
agroforestry was gradually initiated on an increasing number of farms (37 in total), resulting in the simultaneous management
of sun coffee (SC) and agroforestry coffee (AF) plots. We aimed (1) to identify factors that determine the farmers’ selection
of trees used in AF; (2) to describe the agroecological farms in transition; and (3) to perform an economic comparison between
AF and SC. These objectives were addressed by combining data from botanical surveys in 1993/1994 and 2007, by interviews with
farmers and by detailed data on the production value and costs of labour and material inputs. The results showed considerable
diversity in farming strategies and management among the farmers. Early adopters of AF had diversified towards production
of different marketable products. The use of native trees in AF for this purpose, and for restoration of soil fertility (e.g.,
leguminous trees), had increased since the start of the experiments, while exotic tree species were eliminated. Over a period
of 12 years AF was more profitable than SC due to the production of a diversity of agricultural goods, despite somewhat higher
establishment costs. Other ecosystem services delivered by AF, such as biodiversity and cultural services are currently not
valorized. Payment schemes for environmental services could further improve the economic benefits of AF for family farmers
and alleviate establishment and learning costs. 相似文献
9.
Md. Abu Hanif Ranjan Mitra Roy Md. Shafiqul Bari Polash Chandra Ray Md. Shoaibur Rahman Md. Faruq Hasan 《Small-Scale Forestry》2018,17(4):505-522
Agroforestry is one of the most sustainable land management systems practiced around the world due to the socioeconomic benefits that it brings to farmers. In Bangladesh, farmers practice agroforestry, applying indigenous knowledge. The present study was designed to identify the present status, management practices and its role in improving the livelihoods of farmers in northern Bangladesh. Data for the study were collected through quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 29 tree and 38 agricultural crop species were planted by the102 farmers interviewed. Mangifera indica (relative prevalence 49%) is the most predominant species, followed by Eucalyptus camaldulensis (relative prevalence 35.4%). Farmers of northern Bangladesh plant trees in cropland for fruits (90%), fuel wood (87%) and timber production (79%). Fruit trees were planted with wider spacing while forest and fuel wood species were planted with narrower spacing. Farmer’s livelihoods improved enormously by practicing agroforestry as they have more access to food, fodder and fuel wood which is reflected by greater access to livelihood capitals (except social capital). However, farmers have experienced increased incidences of pests and diseases to the annual crops and trees. Agroforestry practices increases species diversity, ensure economic return and sustain farmer’s livelihoods. 相似文献
10.
Agroforestry Tree Seed Production and Supply Systems in Malawi 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Betserai I. Nyoka Simon A. Mng��omba Festus K. Akinnifesi Oluyede C. Ajayi Gudeta Sileshi Ramni Jamnadass 《Small-Scale Forestry》2011,10(4):419-434
A sustainable agroforestry tree germplasm supply system is vital to resource-constrained smallholder farmers who depend on
agroforestry to improve the productivity of their farm enterprises. Successful adoption of agroforestry hinges on the development
of a sustainable agroforestry tree germplasm supply system. This paper reviews the agroforestry tree seed supply system in
Malawi, with a view to determining its sustainability and quality. Currently, more than 90% of the documented agroforestry
tree seed distributed to farmers is produced by smallholder farmers collected mainly from scattered farmland trees, the remainder
being produced from seed orchards and seed stands owned or controlled by research organizations. Three organizations—namely
the Land Resources Centre (LRC), National Tree Seed Centre (NTSC) of the Forestry Research Institute of Malawi (FRIM) and
the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)—were identified as major procurers of agroforestry tree seed produced by smallholder
farmers. Agroforestry germplasm is distributed to farmers by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government agricultural
and forestry extension departments. The procurement and distribution of germplasm to farmers is in general effective. The
major challenge to sustainability of agroforestry tree germplasm distribution in Malawi is dependence on donor funding. The
agroforestry tree seed system is, to some extent, sustainable with regards to production, although the genetic quality of
the germplasm is low. Germplasm storage facilities at national level are available and possibly adequate, but knowledge and
information on effective low-cost tree germplasm storage systems at household level are limited. Sustainability could be enhanced
by strengthening of grass-root organizations involved in tree seed production to institutionalize the distribution through
farmer–farmer exchange. There is also a need to support the development, promotion and adoption of low-cost tree germplasm
storage facilities by smallholder farmers. 相似文献
11.
Smallholder perceptions of agroforestry projects in Panama 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
The potential effects of agroforestry systems on conservation and development have been well documented. Panama has seen a
substantial rise in the number of projects with an agroforestry component in the 1990s. There has been insufficient research
on the actual impacts of these projects on smallholders and of farmers' attitudes towards these systems. This study explores
the perceived socioeconomic and environmental impacts of five agroforestry projects in Panama. A total of 68 smallholders
were administered semi-structured interviews. In addition, 13 agroforestry experts from NGOs, government departments and research
institutes were interviewed, and their responses were compared with those of the smallholders. While the projects led to an
increase in the standard of living by providing wood products and fruit for domestic consumption, farm income levels generally
remained unchanged. This was due primarily to limited market development, the lack of marketing organizations and poor access
roads. In terms of environmental impacts, the farmers' responses suggested a slight decline in slash-and-burn agriculture,
and an increase in tree planting activities. Some environmental benefits were observed by farmers, including reduced soil
erosion, increased soil fertility, and improved quality and quantity of water sources. Nevertheless, slash-and-burn agriculture
was still the norm for the majority of farmers. Most farmers continued to harvest wood from primary and secondary growth to
meet their domestic wood requirements, rather than relying on trees planted in agroforestry projects. The main obstacles preventing
increased agroforestry adoption included insufficient agroforestry extension, inappropriate project design or management (such
as top-down management approaches, and the use of food incentives), smallholders' economic constraints, and larger policy
issues. Recommendations are proposed to improve project design and management, and to address the economic and policy constraints.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):115-123
Abstract Agricultural expansion by smallholder producers has been identified by management agencies as one of the main threats to the ecological integrity of La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, in Panama and Costa Rica. Promotion of cacao agroforestry has been proposed as a way to reduce the need for farmers to clear new land within the reserve. In order to realize this goal, the larger cultural, economic, and political forces that motivate agricultural expansion need to be examined, looking beyond the smallholder practices that are the immediately apparent causes of ecological degradation. The four main assumptions behind the proposal to promote smallholder cacao production in the buffer zone are explored: (1) cacao agroforestry is an ecologically benign agricultural system; (2) if cacao production were more financially viable, ecologically degrading activities, such as cattle grazing, would decrease; (3) migrants from other areas are primarily responsible for clearing land on the eastern side of the park; and (4) direct intervention at the smallholder level is the most effective means of preventing agricultural expansion. Our analysis demonstrates that while cacao agroforestry is an ecologically appropriate production system for the buffer zone of the park, price and production stabilization is important for assuring adoption by smallholders. We also suggest that both indigenous and migrant groups are responsible clearing forest for agriculture and that a more useful distinction for managers to make is between clearing enacted as part of sustainable vs. unsustainable management regimes. Finally, we recommend that the impact to the biosphere reserve caused by large-scale cattle and banana production not be overlooked. 相似文献
13.
14.
This study analyzes factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry practices using logit analysis. In particular, the proposition that agroforestry practices have not been adopted by poor households is tested using data from West Godavari in the province of Andhra Pradesh, India. Innovation-decision process was used to guide the selection of variables used in the analysis. The results support the criticism that higher income farmers are the main beneficiaries of agroforestry if only farm forestry is considered. The results, however, do not support the criticism in the case of adoption of home gardens. 相似文献
15.
Agroforestry practices of farming communities are investigated in southern Punjab province, Pakistan. It is hypothesized that rural people of this areas are more inclined than elsewhere in the province to practice agroforestry due to greater profitability than cropping. A landholder survey revealed that the majority of farmers are inclined to plant trees on their land. Low accessibility of institutional credit is a constraint for both agroforestry farmers (AF) and non-agroforestry farmers. However, among AF respondents only 24% were found to need credit for agroforestry practice, as against nearly 76% for crop production. Mostly farmers were found to have positive perceptions regarding agroforestry practice, because they understand the multiple benefits from growing trees, compared with cropping where farmers face various constraints, including poor access to credit, natural hazards, and little support from local authorities. Further, effort to sensitize farmers that growing trees has multiple benefits compared to only cultivation of field crops can bring about change in farmer’s perceptions and attitudes in the Indus River basin, resulting in motivation for agroforestry adoption. 相似文献
16.
Helton N. Souza Irene M. Cardoso José M. Fernandes Flávia C. P. Garcia Verônica R. Bonfim Alvori C. Santos Anôr F. Carvalho Eduardo S. Mendonça 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,80(1):1-16
A challenge in establishing agroforestry systems is ensuring that farmers are interested in the tree species, and are aware
of how to adequately manage these species. This challenge was tackled in the Atlantic Rainforest biome (Brazil), where a participatory
trial with agroforestry coffee systems was carried out, followed by a participatory systematisation of the farmers experiences.
Our objective was to identify the main tree species used by farmers as well as their criteria for selecting or rejecting tree
species. Furthermore, we aimed to present a specific inventory of trees of the Leguminosae family. In order to collect the
data, we reviewed the bibliography of the participatory trial, visited and interviewed the farmers and organised workshops
with them. The main farmers’ criteria for selecting tree species were compatibility with coffee, amount of biomass, production
and the labour needed for tree management. The farmers listed 85 tree species; we recorded 28 tree species of the Leguminosae
family. Most trees were either native to the biome or exotic fruit trees. In order to design and manage complex agroforestry
systems, family farmers need sufficient knowledge and autonomy, which can be reinforced when a participatory methodology is
used for developing on-farm agroforestry systems. In the case presented, the farmers learned how to manage, reclaim and conserve
their land. The diversification of production, especially with fruit, contributes to food security and to a low cost/benefit
ratio of agroforestry systems. The investigated agroforestry systems showed potential to restore the degraded landscape of
the Atlantic Rainforest biome. 相似文献
17.
Manga Essouma François Michel Isabelle Mala William A. Levang Patrice Ambang Zachée Begoude Boyogueno Aimé D. Moisy Charlotte Ngono Françoise Carriere Stéphanie M. 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(5):843-854
Cocoa is a major crop and income source for most farmers and rural households in the Centre, South and South-West regions of Cameroon, where cocoa is generally produced in agroforestry systems. In this country, cocoa-based agroforestry systems (CBAFS) are undergoing multiple changes alongside the rapid changes underway in the natural, economic and socio-political conditions. This study—carried out in the Akongo subregion in central Cameroon—was designed to gain insight into the CBAFS trends and dynamics in the light of those multiple changes. This semi-structured socioeconomic survey involved interviews and direct observations at plot, farm, household and village scales. Overall, forty cocoa growers from ten villages were interviewed and then fifteen cocoa plots were characterized on the basis of the survey findings. They revealed that cocoa was the major crop in this study area, with cocoa plantations occupying three quarters of the total farming area. Three types of CBAFS were identified, which differed according to their vegetation structure, management practices and age of the plantations. Dynamics affecting the structural characteristics and the spatial extension of these systems emerged and were intimately linked to the dynamics of the cocoa farmer population in relation to their context.
相似文献18.
W. M. Loker 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,25(3):227-241
Low external input agroforestry systems hold great promise as alternative, sustainable production systems for small-to-medium farmers in the Amazon Basin. The design of such systems is considered essential to stabilize agricultural production and avoid the cycle of continuing destruction of primary forest [Anderson A (1990) In: Anderson A (ed) Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps toward Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rain Forest pp 3–23. Columbia University Press, New York]. In order to be successful, these systems must be compatible with local ecological conditions and adoptable by farmers. Currently, many small-to-medium producers in the Amazon Basin use a slash and burn agricultural strategy that combines annual cropping with cattle grazing in mixed farming systems. While cattle play an important role in household economic survival, grazing-induced land degradation threatens the long-term viability of these farms [Loker W (1993) Human Organization 52(1)14–24]. This paper presents a model of a low external input agroforestry system that incorporates farmer preferences and practices but uses well-adapted grass-legume pastures, rotational grazing and the management of natural forest regeneration to enhance productivity in an ecologically sound manner. This system provides farmers with the benefits of both annual crops and cattle raising, avoids the land degradation that characterizes current practices and effectively incorporates trees into the production system. 相似文献
19.
Agroforestry is a traditional land use system that may contribute to the solution of environmental problems in agriculture. Agroforestry is the practice of deliberately integrating woody vegetation (trees or shrubs) with crops and/or animal systems to benefit from the resulting ecological and economic interactions. Recent research indicates that a wider adoption of agroforestry principles and practices is a key means by which the global agri-food sector might achieve more sustainable methods of food and fiber production by producing both economic benefits for farmers and environmental benefits for society. Agroforestry provides numerous provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services and environmental benefits while promoting eco-intensification based on a more efficient use of the resources. Nevertheless, there is only little published recent information on the contribution of agroforestry to the environment in general and on climate change, carbon sequestration and forest fires in particular. In this special issue a number of articles are included that provide a kaleidoscope of the environmental benefits that agroforestry provides to the environment.
相似文献20.
To meet raw material requirements, Wimco, the biggest manufacturer of matches in India, has been promoting poplar-based agroforestry through an agroforestry project since 1984 approved by the National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) in the northern region of India. This study aims at evaluating the performance of poplar-based agroforestry in terms of income, employment and environmental impact from the farmers' perspective. Poplar-based agroforestry is economically viable and more profitable than many of the crop rotations followed in the study area. This land-use system is also capable of providing employment opportunities on farms. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this system is not highly risky. However, costs charged by Wimco for technical advice substantially reduce the income from poplar plantation. With agroforestry experience, farmers can expect high dividends in subsequent rotations. Life-time matrices developed through group interviews are useful for thorough economic analyses of agroforestry projects, particularly in cases where data over a period of time are not available.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献