共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为探明菠萝田间控水减肥效应及确定补充灌溉施肥水平,为粤西地区菠萝生产中节水节肥和提质增效提供依据。研究以金菠萝‘MD-2’为材料,设置无灌溉常规施肥（常规）,2个补灌W1（-15~-35 kPa）和W2（-35~-55 kPa）与3个肥料F1（100%）、F2（75%）和F3（50%）梯度处理（F1W1、F2W1、F3W1、F1W2、F2W2、F3W2）,以无灌溉无施肥作为对照（CK）。研究菠萝光合面积、光合效率、干物质积累、经济性状、灌溉水生产力及肥料偏生产力对不同处理的响应。结果表明,补充灌溉施肥能够显著提高菠萝株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数和植株干物质含量。水肥限制下,叶片数和叶长的减少是单株叶面积下降的主要因素,而光合面积的减小是干物质量下降的主要因素,菠萝植株生长受限来自于肥料减施和因干旱而导致的肥料利用受限。雨季干旱胁迫解除后叶片实际光化学效率（ΦPSII）能够快速恢复,但营养生长期光合面积显著下降的不可逆转仍然导致果实干物质量和产量显著下降。补充灌溉施肥条件下肥料偏生产力表现为F3>F2>F1,而果实田间产量和田间糖锤度均表现为F32≈F1,因此确定F2是最佳施肥水平;在F2施肥水平下,水分生产力表现为W2>W1,但果实增产率和田间糖锤度在W1和W2之间差异不显著。因此,采用F2W2补充灌溉施肥方式可为菠萝生产中节水节肥和提质增效提供支撑。 相似文献
2.
从三交组合Ⅱ-32B//协青早B/Dular的F2群体中获得了1个脆性突变体,整个植株表现全生育期脆性。根据该突变体的表型,将其命名为Bc18(Brittle culm 18)。为了更好地鉴定该突变体,用正常茎秆强度品种中9B作轮回亲本与Bc18杂交,创制了Bc18脆秆近等基因系中脆B和中9B。表型鉴定显示,突变体Bc18在生育期、株高、单株穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重等主要农艺和产量性状上与野生型中9B 无显著差别,但茎、叶的机械强度分别下降了70.70%和47.16%。细胞壁组分分析表明,突变体Bc18茎、叶的纤维素和木质素含量与野生型中9B 无显著差异,但半纤维素含量分别提高了31.84%和17.35%。6个杂交组合F2和12个回交BC1F1群体的遗传分析证明Bc18 脆性突变由单显性基因控制。采用图位克隆技术,构建了Bc18/02428和Bc18/9311的F2定位群体,并利用网上公布的SSR标记和新设计的InDel标记,最终将Bc18基因定位在第1染色体长臂端InDel标记PBC22与PBC33之间约154 kb的区间内。 相似文献
3.
ZHOU Li-Jun Ao Guang-Hui XIAO Yi Wu Xian-Jun LI Shi-Gui 《水稻科学》2005,12(4):249-254
The mechanism of early generation stability （EGS） in rice was studied via genetic analysis. Three types of crosses were made, namely between EGS varieties, EGS and conventional rice variety, and conventional rice varieties. The genetic analysis was based on the stable lines in F2 population. The stable lines may appear from some combinations of EGS rice crossing with each other and EGS rice crossing with conventional varieties at different frequencies, but stable lines didn＇t appear in conventional varieties crossing with conventional varieties. Genetic analysis results indicated that the EGS phenomena should just exist in special rice materials, and the frequency of stable lines was closely related to the EGS traits of parents. The EGS traits were neither qualitative nor quantitative traits, and they were controlled by neither dominant genes nor recessive genes. The EGS traits might be inherited by F1 single plant, and the traits of F3 and F4 were corresponded to those of F2 population, i.e. F3 and F4 lines derived from non-segregating F2 showed uniform agronomic traits, and those from segregating F2.did not. The agronomic traits of EGS lines were consistent with those of F1 single plant. On the other hand, when EGS lines occurred, the segregating lines in Mendelian manner were also observed in all F2 population of the same combination. It was suggested that the reason why the stable strains occurred might be a special factor to control （open/close） gene at the beginning of cell division in zygote, resulting in closing mitosis and opening somatic reduction. The somatic reduction of zygote resulted in recombination and homozygosity forming in F1 single plant, and some lines with uniform agronomic traits were observed in some lines of F2 population. 相似文献
4.
In Southeast Asia, upland rice (Oryza sativa) is an annual crop typically grown for subsistence on hilly lands that are at risk for soil erosion. If perennial cultivars of upland rice were developed, they would provide farmers with an inexpensive tool to produce a preferred food while conserving soil. O. rufipogon, the undomesticated progenitor of O. sativa, includes perennial and stoloniferous forms. To evaluate the feasibility of developing perennial cultivars by combining genes of O. sativa and O. rufipogon, four trials were conducted in an upland field at IRRI: O. sativa/O. rufipogon F1 clone and cutting height trial, F2 family trial, and two O. sativa/stoloniferous-selection factorial mating design trials. Plants were established at the beginning of the rainy season, then subjected to a 6-month dry season and evaluated for survival after 1 year. Of the 2101 cultivar control plants, only three IR47686-1-4-B individuals survived and none produced stolons. The 18 F1 clones, which were selected from previous trials with less drought stress, ranged in survival from 4.4 to 91.4%. Cutting height at harvest did not affect survival. Survival among the F2 families ranged from 9.4 to 31.9%. Segregation for stolon presence did not differ from a 3:1 ratio for five of the six F2 families, suggesting the effect of a single dominant gene. Average yields per plant for the F2 families were 1/3 to 1/9 of yields for the cultivars. However, by crossing the F1s to cultivars, yield potential was almost fully recovered. For the full-sib families of the factorial trials, survival ranged from 0.0 to 48.6%. Azucena and IR47686-1-4-B, both japonica cultivars, exhibited greater general combining ability for survival relative to the six other cultivar parents. Thus, the process of developing perennial cultivars of rice should include screening annual cultivars to identify those with the best combining ability for survival. To develop cultivars of perennial upland rice, drought avoidance and/or tolerance from annual upland cultivars must be combined with the capacity for perennial growth from wild perennial species. The frequency of stolonifereous testcross progeny was lower than expected and was affected by the O. sativa parent. Thus, additional genes likely affected stolon penetrance and expression. Analyses of covariance indicated that stolons improved the likelihood of survival for progenies of the factorial trials but the effect was small (b < 0.1), and that yield (g/plant) had a small negative effect on percent survival (b = −0.13 to −0.32). This study demonstrated that it was possible to introgress genes for perennial growth from wild O. rufipogon accessions into domesticated O. sativa. Additionally, strategies for developing perennial cultivars of upland rice were improved. 相似文献
5.
采用单株蚜量比值法室内鉴定与RAPD、SCAR标记相结合的方法,系统开展了西瓜品种‘黑皮’对瓜蚜的抗性遗传分析。结果表明,以‘黑皮’和‘花绿’为亲本的杂交F1代对瓜蚜表现为抗性,自交F2代植株表型出现抗感性分离,抗蚜与感蚜植株分离比经χ2测验符合3∶1分离规律,并用筛选获得的RAPD标记WO4600和SCAR标记WO4-S530验证了4个抗蚜品种、4个感蚜品种和10个F2抗蚜单株、10个F2感蚜植株。结果以‘黑皮’为亲本的西瓜抗蚜性由单显性核基因控制且能稳定遗传,‘黑皮’‘绿美人’‘黑美人’和‘惠兰’品种对瓜蚜具有良好抗性,‘花绿’‘凤光’‘蕙宝’和‘甜美人’品种则易感蚜虫。 相似文献
6.
杂交育种是植物耐盐新品种选育的重要途径之一,而对杂种F2代耐盐能力的综合评价至关重要。本研究以柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum）F2代的53个单株为研究对象,以亲本材料Alamo、Dacotah和F1代的DA90、DA120为参照,采用沙培法,在250 mmol/L NaCl的胁迫条件下进行耐盐性分析。在盐处理24 d后,测定电解质外渗率（EL）、相对含水量（RWC）、干重（DW）、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）,通过对耐盐指数STTI进行主成分分析和隶属函数分析,结果表明:柳枝稷F2代的不同材料间耐盐能力存在显著差异。亲本Alamo的耐盐能力较高,亲本Dacotah的耐盐能力较差,F1代的DA90和DA120的耐盐能力中等,F2代的耐盐性有明显分离,表现在6份F2代材料的耐盐能力强于耐盐亲本Alamo,7份F2代材料的耐盐能力弱于不耐盐亲本Dacotah。主成分分析结果得到3个主成分,累计贡献率达87.47%。聚类分析将57份参试材料分为5类,分别代表不同耐盐程度的类群。隶属函数分析表明,F2代的39、45、27、48、35、53、7号耐盐性最强,该结果为柳枝稷耐盐相关性状的遗传图谱构建、QTL定位、柳枝稷耐盐育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
割手密具有宿根性好、抗逆性强和适应性广等特性,是甘蔗育种中利用最多,育种成效最显著的野生种。进一步发掘和利用割手密优良抗逆基因资源对现代甘蔗品种改良具有重要意义。为获得更多优良割手密的真实杂交后代,本研究以2个地方种为母本、3个野生割手密为父本进行杂交,获得3个F1群体,共359份杂交后代。并从21对SSR标记中筛选出在双亲中具有多态性且扩增条带清晰的6对SSR标记,基于高通量的荧光毛细管电泳检测平台进行杂交后代真实性鉴定、亲本指纹图谱分析、遗传相似性分析和特异性条带的遗传分析。结果表明：共筛选出的6对SSR标记对5个亲本材料的分辨率较高,扩增多态性好,每个亲本都具有其特异的SSR指纹,可有效鉴定其杂交后代血缘的真实性;其中,359份F1个体中共鉴定出真杂种262份,3个组合的真杂种率分别为67.77%、75.51%、75.66%,平均值为72.98%。遗传相似性分析表明2个地方种的遗传相似性系数为0.70,3个割手密两两间的遗传相似性系数分别为0.53、0.60和0.70,地方种和割手密间为0.38~0.53,种间遗传相似性系数小于种内。亲本特异性SSR位点的遗传分析结果表明,3个组合的母本特异性条带遗传率分别为68.47%、80.96%、73.39%,平均值为74.27%,而父本特异性条带遗传率分别为58.90%、76.60%、61.45%,平均值为65.65%,杂交后代具有偏母本遗传倾向,因此,在甘蔗杂交育种中应选择综合农艺性状较好的材料作为母本。本研究结果为今后割手密杂交后代的鉴定提供了高效、可靠的SSR标记选择,同时鉴定出的真实割手密后代群体可为开展割手密优异性状的遗传研究提供种质材料,为选育超亲遗传株系提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
分离群体是进行作物遗传图谱构建、性状遗传研究、性状调控关键基因挖掘和种质资源创新利用的重要基础。本研究利用‘崖城94-46’和‘新台糖22号’杂交获得了209个杂交单株,通过SSR标记鉴定真假杂种和剔除病死单株,获得了1个包含145个杂交后代的F1群体。F1群体主要农艺性状遗传变异分析表明,8个性状都存在双向超亲现象,变异系数范围为9.23%~56.78%,8个性状的频数分布均呈连续正态分布,均为由多基因控制的数量性状。相关分析和逐步回归分析表明,甘蔗丛重与株高、茎径和丛有效茎显著正相关,决定系数为0.92;丛糖含量主要由株高、茎径、锤度和丛有效茎4个因素决定,决定系数为0.94。研究结果为利用甘蔗F1群体开展遗传研究奠定基础,同时为甘蔗育种中重点选择性状确定提供参考。 相似文献
9.
Arunakumari K. V. Durgarani C. Satturu V. R. Sarikonda K. D. R. Chittoor P. Vutukuri B. S. Laha G. P. K. Nelli A. Gattu S. Jamal M. Prasadbabu A. Hajira S. M. Sundaram R. 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):306
Two major bacterial blight(BB) resistance genes(Xa21 and xa13) and a major gene for blast resistance(Pi54) were introgressed into an Indian rice variety MTU1010 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Improved Samba Mahsuri(possessing Xa21 and xa13) and NLR145(possessing Pi54) were used as donor parents. Marker-assisted backcrossing was continued till BC2 generation wherein PCR based functional markers specific for the resistance genes were used for foreground selection and a set of parental polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for background selection at each stage of backcrossing. Selected BC2F1 plants from both crosses, having the highest recoveries of MTU1010 genome(90% and 92%, respectively), were intercrossed to obtain intercross F1(ICF1) plants, which were then selfed to generate 880 ICF2 plants possessing different combinations of the BB and blast resistance genes. Among the ICF2 plants, seven triple homozygous plants(xa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54) with recurrent parent genome recovery ranging from 82% to 92% were identified. All the seven ICF2 plants showed high resistance against the bacterial blight disease with a lesion lengths of only 0.53–2.28 cm, 1%–5% disease leaf areas and disease scoring values of ‘1' or ‘3'. The seven ICF2 plants were selfed to generate ICF3, which were then screened for blast resistance, and all were observed to be highly resistant to the diseases. Several ICF3 lines possessing high level of resistance against BB and blast, coupled with yield, grain quality and plant type on par with MTU1010 were identified and advanced for further selection and evaluation. 相似文献
10.
为创制高甲基化儿茶素茶树新种质,以金萱和紫娟为亲本构建了一个F1代分离群体,并通过建立一种超高效液相色谱法,对群体内各单株的代谢物含量及其遗传变异情况进行分析。研究发现,群体中多数代谢物含量分布符合正态偏陡分布,变异系数在20%~30%,且均存在一定数量的超亲个体,并从中筛选出9份高甲基化儿茶素等富含功能成分的优异单株。同时,结果显示多数代谢物含量在秋季高于春季,且儿茶素总量随叶片紫化程度加深而减少。本研究建立的超高效液相色谱法,为今后鉴定和筛选优异茶树种质资源和育种材料提供了一种更高效的测定方法;对金萱×紫娟F1分离群体生化组分的遗传变异研究也为今后高功能成分育种和通过正向遗传学发掘调控相关性状的基因提供了重要基础。 相似文献
11.
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zberk Ayhan Atl&#x; Abuzer Yücel Fethiye
zberk Yalc&#x;n Cokun 《Crop Protection》2005,24(12):1054-1060
This study aimed to draw the attention of the all stake holders attention to an underestimated insect pest of wheat in Southeastern Anatolia. The field studies were carried out in the experimental field of GAP Training, Extension and Research Center in Koruklu in 2003–2004 cropping season.
It was found that the number of sawfly damaged spikes varied between 6 and 12% in durum wheat and 8 and 12% in bread wheat. Comparing healthy grains, grain weight spike−1 decreased significantly, giving 0.430 g less kernel weight in durum wheat and 0.385 g in bread wheat. Some of the grain quality characteristics of both sawfly damaged and healthy spikes were tested and it was found that protein content (%) in durum wheat, and 1000 kernel weight in bread wheat were reduced significantly, whilst, the SDS sedimentation value in bread wheat increased significantly for sawfly damaged grains. Grain yield losses by sawfly infestation were found to be 2.23% in durum wheat and 3.32% in bread wheat. Marketing price studies showed that sawfly damage reduced it significantly, resulting in $ 0.016 kg−1 less price in bread wheat. But this was not serious for durum wheat.
It was concluded that income loss, depending on grain yield loss, un-harvestable broken spikes and lower marketing price of sawfly damaged grains, could be no less than $ 68.8 ha−1 in durum wheat and $ 68.6 ha−1 for bread wheat. Therefore, some control methods are required for sawfly infestation, where damage is already over the economic threshold (10–15% stem cut by pest) especially in bread wheat. 相似文献
12.
Meadowfoam oil methyl ester was metathetically cleaved with ethylene catalyzed by Re2O7–B2O3/Al2O3–SiO2 + SnBu4 or bis(tricyclohexyl phosphine) benzylidene ruthenium dichloride yielding -olefins, ,ω-dienes and 5-hexenoic acid methyl ester as the main product. The corresponding ω-epoxy fatty acid ester was achieved by chemoenzymatic epoxidation with H2O2 in the presents of Novozym® 435. Glutaric acid mono methyl ester was synthesized by ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative cleavage with peracetic acid. Hydrocarboxylation with carbon monoxide/methanol yielded pimelic acid dimethyl ester. Metathetical dimerization of 5-hexenoic acid methyl ester yielded 5-decen-dioic acid dimethyl ester, which was subsequently polycondensed with ethylene glycole and 1,4-butanediol to high molecular weight polyesters. The ω-unsaturated ester was directly copolymerized with ethylene by an insertion-type palladium-catalyzed reaction to a high molecular weight functional polyolefin. The 5-epoxy hexanoic acid ester was polymerized to a comb like polyether. 相似文献
13.
14.
为了探索苦瓜苗期叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及总叶绿素响应白粉病菌侵染的遗传规律,以苦瓜高代自交系09-a与09-b为亲本构建的170个F2个单株和140个F2:3家系作为材料,利用植物数量遗传的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分别对2个地点的2个群体进行基于单个分离世代群体的遗传分析。结果表明,白粉病菌胁迫下叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量均会降低,感病品系降低幅度显著大于抗病品系,降解量与病情指数呈正相关,且降解量在2个群体中均呈正态分布。F2和F2:3群体中叶绿素a和叶绿素b的降解量均由一对加性主基因决定,2个群体控制叶绿素a降解量的1对主基因加性效应分别为0.3151、0.1670,控制叶绿素b降解量的1对主基因加性效应分别为0.1333、0.1670。总叶绿素降解量受2对加性–显性主基因控制,2对主基因在F2群体中加性效应分别为0.2601、0.3184,显性效应为?0.3452、?0.2221,在F2:3群体加性效应分别为0.1892、0.1624,显性效应分别为?0.0465、?0.0897,2对主基因的加性和显性效应共同发挥着重要作用。3个性状的加性效应均为正值,且控制总叶绿素降解量的2对主基因均以加性效应为主。F2和F2:3群体中叶绿素a降解量主基因遗传率为76.40%、62.68%。叶绿素b降解量主基因遗传率分别为72.99%、62.86%,控制叶绿素降解量的2对主基因遗传率为65.25%、95.36%,遗传率均大于60%,表明白粉菌胁迫下叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素的降解主要受主基因的控制,但也受部分环境的影响。在苦瓜白粉病抗性育种实践中,可将叶绿素相关性状的降低量结合病情指数在早期世代进行选择。本研究为探索苦瓜白粉病抗病机理和抗病育种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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水分是影响果实生长发育的重要因素,水分通过影响植株生长直接或间接来调控果实品质的形成。季节性干旱严重制约菠萝植株生长发育,但旱季灌水对菠萝产量和品质的影响尚不明确。为了探明季节性干旱期菠萝产量和品质对水分输入的响应特征,以金菠萝‘MD-2’为研究对象,在监测旱季实际降雨量的基础上,设计4个增加灌水量梯度水平（W1 20 mm、W2 50 mm、W3 100 mm、W4 150 mm）的试验,并以不灌水为对照（CK 0 mm）,分析测定菠萝产量、品质指标以及糖酸组分含量。结果表明,旱季增加灌水可显著增加金菠萝果实产量、平均单果重及商品果率,其中产量最高和最低的梯度水平分别是W4和CK（W4比CK增加了45.56%）;随旱季灌水量的增加,金菠萝果实的维生素C、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸度均逐渐减小,可溶性总糖和糖酸比呈现先增大后减少的趋势,其整体表现为W2>W1>CK> W3>W4,其中W2的可溶性总糖和糖酸比最高为12.94%和26.95,显著大于CK,其增幅分别为87.26%、64.6%;金菠萝果实的蔗糖含量随旱季灌水量的增加呈现一元二次曲线函数增加（P<0.05）,其比例由CK的38.8%提高到W4的65.1%,整体表现为W4>W3>W1>W2>CK;而果糖和葡萄糖含量均随旱季灌水量的增加呈线性函数降低（P<0.01）,二者比例的整体表现均为：CK>W2>W1>W3>W4。可见,旱季灌水促进金菠萝果实果糖和葡萄糖转化为蔗糖,且改变了其糖种类比例,进而改变了菠萝果实风味品质。随着旱季灌水量的增加,柠檬酸和奎宁酸含量均呈先增大后减小的一元二次函数关系（P<0.05）,苹果酸含量呈极显著的线性函数增加（P<0.001）,且旱季不同灌水量处理间,柠檬酸比例相对稳定均达到50%,而苹果酸比例仅在W4处理时显著增大,奎宁酸比例在W4处理时显著减小。综合考虑产量及果实风味品质,旱季进行灌水是非常必要的,且根据实际自然降雨量的多少,适当调整灌溉,使其总供水量保持在300 mm左右可实现雷州半岛地区菠萝果实优质高产。 相似文献
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【目的】雄性不育是水稻杂种优势利用的基础。为进一步解析其调控机制,对一个雄性不育突变体进行了鉴定。【方法】利用60Co-γ对籼稻品种93-11进行辐射诱变,从其后代中鉴定到一个雄性不育突变体tms3650。将籼稻明恢63作父本同突变体tms3650杂交构建F2和F3群体,采用图位克隆的方法对目的基因进行精细定位。【结果】tms3650突变体其他农艺性状与野生型一致,但花药白绿且瘦小,花粉不能被1%碘-碘化钾溶液染成蓝黑色,穗子包颈,抽穗期延迟。遗传分析表明该突变体表型受一对隐性核基因控制。精细定位结果表明基因位于第3染色体长臂SSR标记RM15927和RM15934之间135.25 kb距离内,且与RM15931标记共分离。陵水冬季南繁鉴定发现,该突变体育性受光温环境影响,说明tms3650突变体的雄性育性在短日低温条件下发生了转育,是一个光温敏雄性不育突变体。【结论】通过将定位位点与已报道的雄性不育基因比较,发现tms3650是一个新的基因位点,暂命名为TMS3650。 相似文献
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Lianxin Yang Jianye Huang Hongjie Yang Guichun Dong Hongjiang Liu Gang Liu Jianguo Zhu Yulong Wang 《Field Crops Research》2007,100(2-3):189-199
Over time, the relative effect of elevated [CO2] on the photosynthesis and dry matter (DM) production of rice crops is likely to be changed with increasing duration of CO2 exposure, but the resultant [CO2] effects on rice N concentration, uptake, efficiency and allocation remain unclear, especially under different soil N availability. Therefore, we conducted a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment at Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, in 2001–2003. A japonica cultivar with large panicle was grown at ambient or elevated (ca. 200 μmol mol−1 above ambient) [CO2] under three levels of N: low (LN, 15 g N m2), medium (MN, 25 g N m2) and high N (HN, 35 g N m2 (2002, 2003)). The MN level was similar to that recommended to local farmers. Averaged across all N levels and years, shoot N concentration (dry base) was lower under FACE by 1.8%, 6.1%, 12.2%, 14.3%, 12.1%, and 6.9% at early-tillering, mid-tillering, panicle initiation (PI), booting, heading and grain maturity, respectively. Shoot N uptake under FACE was enhanced by 46%, 38%, 6% and 16% on average during the growth periods from transplanting to early-tillering (period 1), early-tillering to mid-tillering (period 2), mid-tillering to PI (period 3) and heading to grain maturity (period 5), respectively, but slightly decreased by 2% in the period from PI to heading (period 4). Seasonal changes in crop response to FACE in ratio of shoot N uptake during a given growth period to that over the whole season followed a similar pattern to that of shoot N uptake, with average responses of 33%, 26%, −3%, −11% and 10% in periods 1–5 of the growth period, respectively. As a result, FACE increased final aboveground N uptake by 9% at maturity. FACE greatly reduced the ratio of leaf to shoot N content over the season, while allocation of N to stems and spikes showed an opposite trend. FACE treatment resulted in the significant increase in N use efficiency for biomass (NUEp) over the season except at early-tillering and in N use efficiency for grain yield (NUEg) at grain maturity. These results indicate that, in order to maximize grain output in a future high [CO2] environment, the recommended rates, proportion and timing across the season of N application should be altered, in order to take full advantage of strong N uptake capacity during the early growth period and facilitate N uptake after that. 相似文献
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为了探究红掌杂交后代重要性状的遗传规律,将红掌盆花品种‘粉冠军’‘紫公主’‘骄阳’分别与红掌切花品种‘卫城’‘欢呼’‘热情’配成了3组杂交组合,对F1代的株高、佛焰苞长、肉穗花序长等15个重要观赏性状进行了统计分析。结果表明：F1代平均株高、佛焰苞长、佛焰苞宽、左耳心距、右耳心距、肉穗花序长、肉穗花序粗（顶端、中部和底部）、花梗长、花梗粗、叶柄长、叶柄粗、叶片长、叶片宽杂种优势指数分别为：139.35%、99.65%、107.05%、85.84%、97.55%、103.31%、104.15%、106.28%、107.63%、116.36%、110.36%、142.46%、109.76%、117.90%和128.10%,且有大量超亲个体出现,F1代整体表现出明显的偏切花遗传,杂种优势明显,但不同组合杂种优势略有不同;聚类分析将15个数量性状聚类分析为4大类：1）佛焰苞类,2）肉穗花序类,3）花梗和叶柄类,4）叶片类。相关性分析发现,各类组内性状相关性极显著,不同类组性状间相关性减弱或不相关。综上表明：红掌杂交F1代各表型性状分离广泛,具有丰富变异性,可根据育种目标对所需性状进行定向选择,有效地提高育种效率。 相似文献
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A 3 years field trial examined the effect of newly and previously applied lime on the growth and yield of two near-isogenic wheat genotypes differing only in aluminium (Al) tolerance (Triticum aestivum L. Al-sensitive line ES8 and Al-tolerant line ET8), and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Mundak) on an acid soil (pHCaCl2 4.6 in 0–10 cm and pH 4.1–4.3 in 10–40 cm) in the medium rainfall region of Western Australia. The trial consisted of four lime treatments: (i) no lime control; (ii) surface liming at 1.5 t ha−1 in 1999; (iii) surface liming at 2.5 t ha−1 in 1984; (iv) liming in 1984 and re-liming in 1999. Wheat crops were grown in 1999 and 2001, and barley was grown in 2000.
Liming in 1984 increased the pH in both topsoil and subsoil and decreased toxic Al in the subsoil. Liming in 1999 largely increased soil pH in the 0–10 cm in previously unlimed and limed plots, but only slightly increased the pH in 10–20 cm 2 years after application. In 1999, there was an overall 14% grain yield increase by growing ET8, mostly due to much better performance (41%) of ET8 over ES8 in the treatment with surface liming in 1999. In 2001, ET8 had yield 24% higher in the no lime control and 14% higher in the treatment with liming in 1999 compared with ES8. While both genotypes had similar root length density in the topsoil, root length density in acid subsoil was 22–160% higher for ET8 than for ES8. Wheat genotypes produced 23–24% higher yield due to the liming in 1984 compared to the no lime control. In 2000 season, shoot biomass of barley increased by 45–70% in the limed treatments compared with the no lime control. Liming at 2.5 t ha−1 in 1984 or liming at 1.5 t ha−1 in 1999 increased yield by 25%. Liming in 1984 and re-liming in 1999 increased the yield by over 50%. The results suggest that surface liming can ameliorate subsoil acidity as measured 15–17 years after application, and that growing an Al-tolerant crop in combination with surface liming provides a good strategy to combat subsoil acidity. The genotypic variation in response to liming appears to result from the difference in the sensitivity of root proliferation to low pH and high Al. 相似文献