共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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由于基因工程技术的发展和安全性研究的深入,以重组杆状病毒为主的重组昆虫病毒杀虫剂的应用正面临着突破。文章综述了通过修饰或删除昆虫病毒某些基因、插入控制宿主发育、代谢激素或酶的基因、删除、修饰昆虫病毒基因组中特定的基因以扩大宿主域、应用RNA干扰技术提高昆虫病毒杀虫效率等构建重组昆虫病毒杀虫剂的技术路线,展望重组病毒杀虫剂的发展趋势。 相似文献
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核型多角体病毒 (nuclearpolyhedrosisvirus ,NPV)是鳞翅目昆虫的重要病原微生物。采用构建重组高效表达外源毒蛋白的 p10、ph、ocu基因的强启动子 ,以提高野生型NPV的毒力 ;探讨删除杆状病毒中的蜕皮甾体尿苷二磷酸葡糖转移酶 (ecdysteroidUDP-glucosyltraansferase ,EGT)基因对改良病毒杀虫剂的杀虫效果 ,为进一步完善重组NPV杀虫剂的研发和安全生产提供了理论基础 相似文献
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我国病毒杀虫剂研究与应用新进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
由于化学农药的大量使用对环境生态造成的严重影响，我国政府已把保护环境、食品安全摆到了重要的议事日程。昆虫病毒杀虫剂作为生物防治的重要手段之一，其优点在于特异性强、毒力高、稳定性好、安全无害，用后能引起害虫群体病毒疾病的流行传播，在相当长时间内可自然控制害虫消长，导致相继世代害虫持续带毒，感染死亡。与其他化学农药和其他生物农药相比，作为生物杀虫剂，最大的优势还在于病毒杀虫剂目前未发现抗性问题，这就为病毒杀虫剂当今的发展带来了良好的契机。１重组病毒杀虫剂昆虫病毒作为生物杀虫剂具有毒力高、无抗性，用后… 相似文献
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增效物质对核型多角体病毒AcMNPV的感染增效作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于昆虫病毒制剂与化学农药相比,其速效性较差,因而影响了其应用.因此,人们设想通过改造昆虫病毒来提高其杀虫效果,Merryweather将人工合成的蝎子毒素基因重组到苜宿尺蠖蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus,AcMNPV)中去,建立了重组病毒AcMNPVAaIT.将该重组病毒接种于粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)幼虫,结果该幼虫取食量显著减少,发育不良,死亡时间缩短[1].为了提高昆虫病毒的感染能力,人们研究了感染增效物质,如硼酸、卵磷脂、阳离子表面活性剂等均具有感染增效作用.近年来研究表明,某种荧光增白剂对数种昆虫病毒具有感染增效作用.本研究应用野生型AcMNPV-C6和基因重组AcMN-PVAaIT经口感染东方粘虫(Pseudaletia separata),并添加感染增效物质,研究基因重组病毒与野生型病毒对东方粘虫的杀虫效果,以及感染增效物质的增效作用. 相似文献
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棉铃虫核型多角体病毒分子生物学和基因工程研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HaSNPV)是棉铃虫专一性病原物,隶属于杆状病毒科核型多角体病毒属.对其分子生物学和基因工程的研究主要包括以下几个方面:测定了HaSNPV G4株和C1株基因组核苷酸全序列,并与其它病毒进行了同源性比较;研究了HaSNPV部分基因的结构、转录、表达及其功能.构建了HaSNPV Bac to Bac杆状病毒表达系统;重组病毒杀虫剂的研究为HaSNPV大面积防治棉铃虫展示了广阔的前景.随着棉铃虫核型多角体病毒分子生物学和基因工程研究的不断深入,重组病毒杀虫剂将在棉铃虫综合防治中发挥更为重要的作用. 相似文献
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将从东亚钳蝎中克隆到的兴奋型昆虫毒素基因(BmK IT)同源重组到苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)基因组中,得到重组病毒AcMNPV-BmK IT,抗虫试验表明重组杆状病毒的杀虫活性明显优于野生型病毒,但AcMNPV介导的BmK IT的抗虫分子机制尚未阐明。本试验从草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞中克隆获得了凋亡相关基因Sfp53,制备了抗体,分析了AcMNPV-BmK IT对Sfp53表达的影响,结果表明被重组病毒感染的细胞所表达的Sfp53时间与表达量与野生型相比都有所提前和提高,说明重组病毒可加速细胞的凋亡;同时通过半定量PCR分析了AcMNPV-BmK IT感染Sf9细胞时病毒抗凋亡基因iap2的表达,结果表明重组型病毒抗凋亡基因iap2表达量减少。以上结果在细胞分子水平上解释了AcMNPV-BmK IT杀虫活性提高的原因。 相似文献
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微生物杀虫剂包括病毒、细菌、真菌和原生动物。有人认为昆虫寄生性线虫也应包括在微生物杀虫剂中,但美国环境保护局(EPA.1982)认为应除外。 微生物杀虫剂利用昆虫病原微生物防治害虫早在100多年前就有记载,但作为登记和大规模使用,是从1949年开始:金龟子芽孢杆菌(Bacillus popilliae)苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)1961年在美国作为农药登记,现已在世界各地使用;1970年又有3种病毒农药登记。1974年细胞质多角体病毒作为农药 相似文献
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Robert D. Possee P. Jane Cayley Jenny S. Cory David H. L. Bishop 《Pest management science》1993,39(2):109-115
Baculoviruses are natural pathogens of insects which have been used as biopesticides. In contrast to many chemical agents, baculoviruses affect only a limited number of insects and so can be used to target particular insect species. Unfortunately, unless the host receives a very high virus dose, the insect continues to feed and causes damage to crops, because the virus takes several days to kill it. This lag is unacceptable in the protection of many crops, especially where cosmetic damage seriously reduces the value of a crop (e.g. fruit). Strategies have been devised recently to circumvent this problem. The baculovirus genome has been modified, using genetic engineering techniques, to incorporate foreign genes encoding insect-specific toxins, or hormones or enzymes. Expression of some of these genes in the virus-infected host insect has been shown to reduce both the feeding damage to crop plants and the time taken to kill the insect pest. The current status of this developing field is described, together with an assessment of the possible risks involved in using such genetically modified agents in the environment. 相似文献
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杆状病毒(Baculovirus)是一类特异性感染节肢动物的环状双链DNA病毒,是野外控制害虫种群的重要生物因子,并已被开发为一种生物杀虫剂加以应用。杆状病毒感染昆虫宿主并不一定导致昆虫死亡,其持续感染(per-sistent infection)在昆虫种群中普遍存在,且在某些刺激条件下,持续感染可被激活为增殖性感染并引发病毒流行病爆发。因此,杆状病毒持续感染对昆虫种群动力学以及病毒流行病学的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Frédéric Baldacchino Beniamino Caputo Fabrice Chandre Andrea Drago Alessandra della Torre Fabrizio Montarsi Annapaola Rizzoli 《Pest management science》2015,71(11):1471-1485
Five species of invasive Aedes mosquitoes have recently become established in Europe: Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. japonicus japonicus, Ae. koreicus and Ae. atropalpus. These mosquitoes are a serious nuisance for people and are also competent vectors for several exotic pathogens such as dengue and chikungunya viruses. As they are a growing public health concern, methods to control these mosquitoes need to be implemented to reduce their biting and their potential for disease transmission. There is a crucial need to evaluate methods as part of an integrated invasive mosquito species control strategy in different European countries, taking into account local Aedes infestations and European regulations. This review presents the control methods available or in development against invasive Aedes mosquitoes, with a particular focus on those that can be implemented in Europe. These control methods are divided into five categories: environmental (source reduction), mechanical (trapping), biological (e.g. copepods, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, Wolbachia), chemical (insect growth regulators, pyrethroids) and genetic (sterile insect technique and genetically modified mosquitoes). We discuss the effectiveness, ecological impact, sustainability and stage of development of each control method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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昆虫病毒在害虫防治上的应用及其对寄生蜂的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文综述了昆虫病毒，包括核多角体病毒（NPV）、昆虫痘病毒（EPV）和颗粒体病毒（GV），在防治农林害虫中的应用及其对寄主寄生蜂影响的研究进展，同时也介绍了昆虫杆状病毒诱导细胞凋亡及基因工程研究的近况。 相似文献
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玉米田节肢动物群落研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
玉米是世界上种植最广泛的粮食作物之一,播种面积仅次于小麦和水稻居第三位。中国的玉米播种面积大,分布广,是全球第二大玉米生产国和消费国。节肢动物是包括玉米田在内的农田生态系统重要组成部分,也是维持农田生态系统正常生态功能的重要因素。目前玉米田节肢动物群落的研究主要集中在两个方向:常规玉米田节肢动物群落和转基因玉米田节肢动物群落。现有的研究大多集中于常规玉米田。随着转基因玉米种植规模及商业化进程的快速推进,国内外许多学者开始关注转基因玉米田节肢动物群落结构、动态及其食物网。研究者认为转基因玉米作物的大面积种植对昆虫群落生态功能的影响研究将会成为新的热点与方向。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Sexual forms of two genotypes of the aphid Schizaphis graminum, one a vector, the other a nonvector of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease (Barley yellow dwarf virus [BYDV]-SGV, luteovirus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, polerovirus), were mated to generate F1 and F2 populations. Segregation of the transmission phenotype for both viruses in the F1 and F2 populations indicated that the transmission phenotype is under genetic control and that the parents are heterozygous for genes involved in transmission. The ability to transmit both viruses was correlated within the F1 and F2 populations, suggesting that a major gene or linked genes regulate the transmission. However, individual hybrid genotypes differed significantly in their ability to transmit each virus, indicating that in addition to a major gene, minor genes can affect the transmission of each virus independently. Gut and salivary gland associated transmission barriers were identified in the nonvector parent and some progeny, while other progeny possessed only a gut barrier or a salivary gland barrier. Hemolymph factors do not appear to be involved in determining the transmission phenotype. These results provide direct evidence that aphid transmission of luteoviruses is genetically regulated in the insect and that the tissue-specific barriers to virus transmission are not genetically linked. 相似文献
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害虫遗传学控制策略与进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展,利用遗传学方法控制害虫种群成为人们研究的热点之一。研究者已经尝试利用基因突变、转基因和雄性不育等遗传学技术,培育遗传改造的害虫品系,释放后来控制自然界害虫的种群密度。但由于这些遗传学方法本身存在局限性,研究者开始探索利用低毒高效的荧光纳米材料基因载体携带外源核酸或农药分子进入昆虫或植物细胞从而干扰害虫的发育或行为的新策略。本文综述了害虫遗传学控制的2大策略种群替代和种群抑制的实现方法及其研究进展,并提出了利用新型荧光纳米粒子传送基因或药物的害虫遗传学控制新策略。 相似文献
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David H. L. Bishop 《Pest management science》1989,27(2):173-189
Among the viruses that are pathogenic for insect species, baculoviruses have been shown to be useful as insecticides for pest control. In some cases they have been used as cost-effective and environmentally acceptable alternatives to chemical insecticides. However, because viruses need to be ingested and replicate extensively in their host before they kill it, baculovirus insecticides are much slower than chemicals or other reagents that kill insects either on contact or shortly after ingestion. The objective of the programme of genetic engineering of baculovirus insecticides is to improve their speed of action while maintaining their host specificity and other attributes that make them desirable alternatives to chemical pesticides. Since 1986 four field releases have been undertaken involving genetically engineered baculovirus insecticides. The first release used a genetically marked Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The study began in 1986 and was terminated in 1987. The results demonstrated that an innocuous piece of DNA, appropriately positioned in the AcNPV genome, was an effective means to tag the virus without affecting its phenotype, allowing it to be identified in bioassays of plant and soil samples. The second release, in 1987, involved a genetically marked virus from which the gene coding for the protective polyhedrin protein of the virus had been removed. The field data obtained with this virus showed that it did not persist in the environment, neither in soil, nor on vegetation, nor in the corpses of caterpillars. The third and fourth releases were undertaken in 1988. For one of these studies the marked, polyhedrin-negative virus was again used. In the other study a polyhedrin-negative virus that contained a junk' (/?-galactosidase) gene was employed. 相似文献