首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Persistence of antibodies in calves vaccinated with 2 types of inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus vaccines were determined. Calves seronegative for IBR and PI-3 viruses were inoculated with 2 doses of inactivated IBR virus-PI-3 virus vaccines administered 2 weeks apart. Blood samples were obtained from the calves for serum at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after vaccination. The serums were tested by serum-neutralization tests. Antibody response to the vaccines persisted on a declining scale for 1 year. The anamnestic responses to the vaccines were determined by inoculating the same calves with a booster dose of vaccine 1 year after the original 2 doses were given. Blood samples were obtained from the calves for serum 2 weeks later. The serums were tested by serum-neutralization tests. The single booster dose of vaccine elicited an anamnestic response to both IBR and PI-3 viruses.  相似文献   

2.
The adjuvant vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) was tested as to its innocuousness and immunogenicity. The immunity response induced by a single or double application of different vaccine doses was evaluated according to the content of neutralization antibodies (NP) in the blood serum. A direct dependence was revealed between the size of the inoculum and NP content in the blood serum, with NP titres of 1 : 9.3; 1 : 26.6, 1 : 80 and 1 : 149 after doubled application of 1, 2, 5, and 10 ml of the vaccine. The calves inoculated at an age of one week produced antibodies in the same titres as one- to five-month-old calves. Singly inoculated animals mostly showed zero-level or low antibody titres, but revaccination induced general serum-positivity with NP titres 1 : 4 to 1 : 128. The animals which had been in contact with the IBR virus and were serologically negative during inoculation or had an NP content in the blood serum at a titre of 1 : 4 or less, gave an anamnestic response to inoculation, but revaccination did not lead to a significant rise in antibody content. Double administration of 2 ml of vaccine in four production charges induced the production of antibodies with average titres of 1 : 36, 1 : 25; 1 : 31 and 1 : 24. Inoculation of susceptible animals in non-infected herds and of clinically healthy animals in infected herds did not cause any health disorders. IBR; inactivated adjuvant vaccine; different age; different doses; immunity response; neutralization antibodies.  相似文献   

3.
Thirty-five vaccinates and 29 control beef calves from five farms were studied. Vaccinates in group 1 received a modified live virus vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) 30 days after shipment; vaccinates in groups 2, 3 and 4 received live virus vaccines agains IBR and bovine parainfluenza 3 (PI3) seven to 17 days before shipment. Half of group 5 were given bovine origin antiserum containing antibodies against IBR, BVD and PI3. Three weeks later, the animals that had received serum were given a live modified vaccine containing IBR, BVD and PI3. In group 1, WBC counts were lower in the vaccinates than in the controls for two weeks after vaccination. WBC counts in groups 3 and 4 were higher in vaccinates than in controls after addition to the feedlot. Seroconversions to BVD virus occured in all groups. Clinical disease apparently due to BVD affected one vaccinated calf in group 2 and eight calves in group 5. Combined weight gains were significantly higher in three groups of calves vaccinated before shipment compared to unvaccinated control animals after addition to the feedlot. Vaccination with IBR and PI3 live virus vaccines should be given at least 17 days before shipment to feedlots containing infected cattle. Antiserum containing antibodies against the three viruses showed no apparent advantage in preventing clinical respiratory disease over control calves not receiving the serum.  相似文献   

4.
Eight separate, but related experiments, were carried out in which groups of six calves were vaccinated with one of eight commercial vaccines. In each experiment the vaccinated calves were subsequently exposed to three calves infected with virulent bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). In each experiment, all infected donor calves developed a typical severe infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) infection and excreted virus in their nasal secretions of up to 10(8.00) TCID50/0.1 ml. One live BHV-1 gE-negative vaccine (A) and three modified live vaccines (B, C, D), administered intranasally, all protected against clinical disease. The calves vaccinated with one vaccine (C) also did not excrete virus in the nasal secretions, whereas the calves protected by vaccines A, B and D excreted virus in their nasal secretions but at low titres (10(0.66)-10(1.24) TCID50/0.1 ml). A fourth modified live vaccine (E), given intramuscularly, failed to prevent mild clinical disease in the calves which also excreted virus in the nasal secretions at titre of 10(1.00) TCID50/0.1 ml. An analogous result was given by the calves vaccinated with either of the two inactivated vaccines (F and G) or with a BHV-1 subunit vaccine (H). All calves developed mild clinical signs and excreted virus at titres of 10(2.20)-10(3.12) TCID50/0.1 ml. Calves vaccinated with C vaccine were subsequently given dexamethasone, following which virus was recovered from their nasal secretions. The virus isolates did not cause disease when calves were infected and appeared to be closely related to the vaccine strain.  相似文献   

5.
A live Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine efficacy trial   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
A live Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 vaccine was used in an efficacy trial conducted on 100 lightweight feeder calves purchased from a Florida ranch. Forty-one calves were inoculated with the vaccine intradermally in the neck. Fifty-nine calves served as nonvaccinated controls. Fourteen days later, the calves were shipped to an order buyer in eastern Tennessee, where the calves were mixed with 60 local calves in a community sale barn for 72 hours. After 3 additional days, the calves were shipped to a research feedlot in Bushland, Tex. They remained in the feedlot for 56 days, and the test was concluded 76 days after vaccination. The P haemolytica vaccine had no significant effect on performance, morbidity, or mortality. There was no significant difference between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves in the number of times Pasteurella was isolated. The calves became seropositive to bovine viral diarrhea virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus during the 76-day experiment. All calves initially were seropositive to parainfluenza-3 virus. A virulent outbreak of IBR occurred 30 days after the calves arrived at the feedlot. Before the onset of IBR, the isolation of P haemolytica serotype 1 from nasal turbinates was rare (2 of 500 nasal swabs). After the IBR outbreak, P haemolytica serotype 1 was isolated from 40 of 92 calves.  相似文献   

6.
Efficacy of an inactivated quadrivalent vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was assessed in naive bovine calves to evaluate short-term (4-18 weeks) and long-term (24-38 weeks) protection following the basic intramuscular vaccination regime of 2 inoculations a month apart. Vaccination was staggered between the long-term and the short-term groups by about 5 months so that both groups, along with a matched group of 6 unvaccinated (control) calves, could be challenged at the same time. Sequential challenges at intervals of 3-8 weeks were done in the order: IBR virus (intranasally, IN), PI3 virus (IN and intratracheally, IT), pestiviruses (IN) and BRSV (IN and IT). The IBR virus challenge produced febrile rhinotracheitis (FRT) in control calves but both the severity and the duration of FRT was significantly reduced in both vaccinated groups. The amount and the duration of IBR virus shed by the vaccinated groups was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Although PI3 virus, pooled pestivirus and BRSV challenges did not result in a noteworthy disease, challenge virus shedding (amount and duration) from the upper (all 3 viruses) and the lower (BRSV) respiratory tracts was significantly reduced in vaccinated groups. After pestivirus challenge, sera and leukocytes from all control calves were infectious for 6-9 days whereas virus was recovered only from leukocytes in vaccinated calves and only for 1.6-2.7 days. Thus a standard course of the quadrivalent vaccine afforded a significant protection against IBR virus, PI3 virus, BVDV and BRSV for at least 6 months.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on antibody responses of feedlot calves. Fifty-five newly weaned calves were divided into two groups, 28 that received supplemental Cr and 27 that did not, and were immunized with a commercial vaccine against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(PI-3). Sera harvested from blood sampled preimmunization, and at days 14 and 28 postimmunization (PI), were assayed for anti-IBR and anti-PI-3 antibody titers. Individual calves were also scored as seroconverters if day 14 or 28 PI titers were > or = 3 times the value of the preimmunization titer. Thirty-five calves did not seroconvert to either antigen. Of 20 IBR seroconverters, 15 calves were from the Cr-supplemented group while only five calves were controls (p = 0.007). There was no treatment difference in the number of PI-3 seroconverters. Least squares analysis of actual antibody titers revealed that Cr supplementation increased the magnitude of the peak antibody response to the IBR (p = 0.003), but had no effect on anti-PI-3 antibody titers. These data confirmed and extended our previous observations that supplemental Cr can be immunomodulatory in cattle.  相似文献   

8.
Six strains of bovid herpesvirus 1 isolated from British cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) were inoculated intranasally into calves. The clinical, virological and serological responses were measured and comparisons made between virus strains. Calves infected with viruses of subtype 1 developed more severe clinical signs and excreted higher titres of virus than calves infected with subtype 2b strains. The findings could be related to the history of IBR in Great Britain.  相似文献   

9.
The experiments with sheep and young cattle were carried out to test the immunizing efficacy of inactivated adjuvant vaccine against Aujeszky's disease. The vaccine application at doses of 1 ml and 2 ml to lambs at the age of eight to ten months caused the neutralizing antibody production with a significant rise of titres after revaccination. A survival of infection induced with a dose of 10(5.5) TKID50 of virulent virus was recorded in 62.5% of once vaccinated animals and in 87.5% of twice vaccinated animals. When applying different doses of vaccines (from 1 to 10 ml) to young cattle, the antibody reaction level was directly dependent on the inoculum quantity. The double inoculation of animals with vaccines of 2 ml and 5 ml caused the neutralizing antibody production at titres of 1:35, or 1:46. The animals, immunized with the live or inactivated IBR-vaccine possessing high antibody titres against IBR-virus, reacted upon the vaccination with inactivated Aujeszky's vaccine anamnestically, by early production of antibodies in high titres. Metaphylactic vaccination (2 ml of vaccine) of cattle in herds with an acute course days, however earlier during five days from the revaccination when it was carried out in seven days following the first vaccination.  相似文献   

10.
In this study, we investigated whether Cedivac-FMD, an emergency vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), is suitable for use conjointly with a screening program intended to confirm freedom from disease in vaccinated herds based on evidence of virus replication in vaccinates. Different sets of sera were tested using the Ceditest FMDV-NS ELISA for the detection of antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSPs) of FMD virus. During a vaccine safety study, serum samples were collected from 10 calves, 10 lambs and 10 piglets following administration of a double dose and a repeat dose of high payload trivalent Cedivac-FMD vaccine. All serum samples collected both 2 weeks following the administration of a double dose as well as those collected 2 weeks after the single dose booster (given 2 weeks after the double dose) were negative in the Ceditest FMDV-NS ELISA. In a series of vaccine potency experiments, serum samples were collected from 70 vaccinated cattle prior to and following exposure to infectious, homologous FMD virus. When testing cattle sera collected 4 weeks after vaccination with a regular dose of monovalent >6 PD(50) vaccines, 1 of 70 animals tested positive in the NSP antibody ELISA. After infection with FMD virus, antibodies to NSP were detected in 59 of 70 vaccinated cattle and 27 of 28 non-vaccinated control animals within 7 days. Cedivac-FMD vaccines do not induce NSP antibodies in cattle, pigs or sheep following administration of a double dose or a repeat dose. FMD-exposed animals can be detected in a vaccinated group within 7-14 days. Because Cedivac-FMD does not induce NSP antibodies, the principle of 'marker vaccine' applies.  相似文献   

11.
Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) from organic sources (Cr chelate and high Cr yeast) on antibody responses of newly arrived feeder calves following vaccination with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), para-influenza-3 (PI3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and Pasteurella haemolytica and ovalbumin (OVA). Using cross bred steer calves purchased at sales in Ontario, vaccines and OVA were given on d 0 and 21 after arrival in the feedlot. Immune responses of calves were measured as serum specific antibody titres against all antigens on d 0 and 28 or d 35. The anti-OVA antibody responses (trial 2) were further investigated by measuring antibody concentrations of calves weekly until d 55 after arrival in the feedlot. Supplemental Cr (0.14 ppm) from an amino acid-chelated source had no effect on antibody responses to IBR, P13 and BRSV, but enhanced (P < 0.05) antibody titres of calves in response to the BVD vaccine on d 28 or d 35. Supplemental Cr from Cr yeast had no effect on antibody titres of calves to any vaccines. Chromium from both sources (trial 1 and 2) had no effect on antibody responses of calves following vaccination with P. haemolytica. However, supplemental Cr (0.75 ppm) from Cr yeast enhanced (P < 0.05) serum antibody responses of calves to OVA during the primary response (d 14) and secondary response (d 35) following immunization. These data confirmed our previous finding that supplemental Cr can enhance humoral immune response of market-transit stressed calves, but its enhancement on vaccine efficacy was antigen-dependent and variable.  相似文献   

12.
Various vaccines containing the 919 strain of ephemeral fever virus were evaluated in experimental calves and in commercial cattle. The vaccine virus was mixed with one of the adjuvants, Quil A (a saponin derivative), aluminium hydroxide gel, dextran sulphate or combinations of these. The response of experimental calves was evaluated by measuring the production of neutralising antibodies and by resistance to challenge with virulent virus; the response of commercial cattle was judged only by the production of neutralising antibody. Twelve calves given two doses of vaccine containing Quil A produced neutralising antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus and all were resistant to challenge with virulent virus given 28 to 76 days after the second vaccination. The vaccine given in three of these calves also contained aluminium hydroxide gel. Six of eight unvaccinated control calves succumbed to experimental challenge. In commercial cattle (17 to 26 animals per group) the serological response after two doses of vaccine containing Quil A or Quil A and dextran sulphate was significantly better than that after vaccines containing only dextran sulphate or after vaccines containing combinations of aluminium hydroxide gel and Quil A. The adjuvant Quil A alone was tested in cattle and shown to produce a transient soft swelling at the injection site as well as a rise in rectal temperature of greater than 1 degree C one day after inoculation. At least 99.99 per cent of viral infectivity was destroyed when the vaccine was mixed with Quil A, suggesting that live virus may not be essential in the immunogenicity of the vaccine. This vaccine overcame two of the problems associated with previous attenuated vaccines tested in Australia; the necessity for adjuvant and virus to be mixed immediately before use and the large volume of the vaccine.  相似文献   

13.
An inactivated virus vaccine containing strains of parainfluenza type 3 (PI3), bovine adenovirus type 3, reovirus type 1, bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) viruses was tested in a group of 58 calves reared in a semi-intensive management system. Following vaccination, 1/30, 14/30 and 17/30, showed significant rises in antibody titre to reovirus type 1, adenovirus type 3 and IBR respectively. None of the animals showed significant serological response to PI 3 and BVD. In the control group, 2/28, 1/28, 6/28 and 3/28 developed antibody responses to reovirus type 1, BVD, adenovirus type 3 and IBR respectively. Microbiological examination revealed the presence of a wide variety of commensal bacteria and Mycoplasma bovirhinis in both groups. Analysis of the records of clinical examinations indicated that the respiratory tract infections occurred among the calves at between 50 and 80 days after arrival at the farm, and that there was no significant difference between the test and the control groups. A number of animals had maternal antibodies to the various components of the vaccine present before the trial commenced and these antibodies appeared to interfere with the subsequent serological response to the antigen challenge. The vaccination schedule recommended by the manufacturer does not entirely circumvent this problem.  相似文献   

14.
Six dairy calves, six and one-half to nine months old, were exposed to a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus of bovine fetal origin by one of the various routes — nasal, vaginal, preputial or contact. Neither after initial exposure nor following challenge of their immunity did any of these animals manifest the IBR respiratory syndrome, although two of them (inoculated per vagina/prepuce) developed pustular vulvovaginitis or balanoposthitis. Also, one five-day old dairy calf which had received colostrum and milk of its IBR-immune dam, was inoculated intranasally with the same strain of IBR virus. This animal exhibited severe signs of IBR. The virus was recovered from all but three of the seven calves after initial exposure and from all but one animal following challenge of their immunity. Immune responses of these calves resembled those of adult cattle.  相似文献   

15.
牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)是由牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)感染家养牛引起的一种热性接触性传染病。由于缺乏有效的治疗性药物,因此疫苗免疫仍然是防控该病的关键措施。针对该病常用的疫苗主要有灭活疫苗和活疫苗,而基因缺失活疫苗由于具有免疫标识,已成为新型疫苗研发的主流方向。一些发达国家已利用基因缺失标记疫苗,如IBRV gE缺失疫苗,进行免疫根除计划并净化了该病。然而,由于现存的疫苗仍存在免疫抑制与潜伏感染等问题,亟需研制更有效的标记疫苗。论文就牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的病原学特征、免疫抑制及疫苗研发进展进行综述,以期为IBR有效疫苗的研发及其在防控上的应用提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
Efficacy and safety of components of an IM-administered vaccine for prevention of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), parainfluenza type-3 (PI-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and campylobacteriosis and leptospirosis were evaluated in cattle, including calves and pregnant cows. Challenge of immunity tests were conducted in calves for IBRV, PI-3 virus, or BVDV vaccinal components. All inoculated calves developed serum-neutralizing antibodies and had substantially greater protection (as measured by clinical rating systems) than did controls after challenge exposure to virulent strains of IBRV, PI-3 virus, BVDV, or RSV. In in utero tests, IBRV or bovine RSV vaccinal strains were inoculated into fetuses of pregnant cows. Histologic changes or abortions did not occur after fetal inoculation of the RSV vaccinal strain, and 10 of 14 fetuses responded serologically. Of 9 fetuses, one responded serologically to the IBRV vaccinal strain after in utero inoculation and was aborted 3 weeks later. In an immunologic interference test, 10 calves vaccinated with 2 doses of the multivalent vaccine, containing the 4 viral components and a Campylobacter-Leptospira bacterin, developed serum-neutralizing antibodies to IBRV, PI-3 virus, BVDV, and RSV without evidence of serologic interference. Under field conditions, 10,771 cattle, including 4,543 pregnant cows, were vaccinated. Vaccine-related abortions did not occur.  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was designed to compare the efficacy of an IM modified live vaccine, an IN temperature-sensitive vaccine, an IN modified live vaccine, and an aerosolized modified live vaccine (two concentrations) to stimulate specific serum antibody and protect calves from a known viral challenge. All vaccines except the IM vaccine contained IBR virus and PI3 virus. The IM vaccine and the IN vaccines provided excellent protection to an IBR challenge, but both concentrations of aerosolized vaccine provided only patial protection. The use of IN modified live vaccine resulted in IBR serum Ab titers in all the test calves (100%), while the IM preparation elicited a response in only 60% of test calves and the IN temperature sensitive vaccine resulted in serum Ab titers in 40% of test calves. The aerosolized vaccine induced IBR serum antibody titers in only 20% of the calves. The use of IN modified live and the aerosolized vaccine resulted in a greater immune response to the PI3 virus (60-80% sero-conversion) than did the temperature sensitive vaccine (20% sero-conversion).  相似文献   

18.
A non-cytopathic strain of BVDV-2 was isolated from a batch of live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccine, and inoculated intranasally into four 3-month-old calves. Severe signs of disease developed by days 4 and 6 in three of the calves, free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV, that had been exposed to the virus. These calves survived the acute phase of the infection and progressively recovered. BVDV was consistently isolated, or the respective viral RNA was detected, in the buffy coats from blood samples collected starting from days 2 or 4 up to days 11 or 14 after the experimental infection. Viral RNA was also detected in sera from these infected calves until the presence in the serum of virus neutralizing antibodies was demonstrated. By contrast, the only calf having pre-existing neutralizing antibodies to BVDV at the start of the study was protected from the disease. No virus was detected at any time after experimental inoculation of this calf. Genomic characterization of the BVDV-2 isolated in cell cultures, or detected in sera from the experimentally infected animals, revealed 100% homology in the nucleotide sequence with the BVDV-2 detected as a contaminant of the live IBR virus vaccine. These findings provided evidence of the infective nature of the contaminant BVDV-2 and of its potential to generate disease outbreaks when inoculated into susceptible animals.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer of maternal antibodies to calves following vaccination of pregnant cows with an inactivated Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) and Bovine herpes virus type 1 (IBR) vaccine (Bovilis® MH + IBR). Sixty-two pregnant cows were allocated at random to two groups; one group was retained as a negative control group (T01), while the other group (T02) was vaccinated with Bovilis® MH + IBR on two occasions during their third trimester of pregnancy. Following calving, blood samples were collected from calves for the measurement of serum antibody titres to IBR and MH, with samples collected prior to suckling (Day 0) and on days 5 (±2), 14 (±3), 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 196, 224, 252 and 280. The group mean IBR blocking percentage remained low for T01 calves (calves born to T01 cows) between days 0 and 224 (range 4.5%–15.4%), while the group mean IBR blocking percentage increased for T02 calves (calves born to T02 cows) from 14.3% on Day 0 to 94.9% on Day 5 and remained significantly higher than T01 calves up until Day 252. The group mean MH titre (Log2) for T01 calves increased after suckling to 8.9 on Day 5, before declining and remaining stable (range 5.0–6.5). The group mean MH titre for T02 calves increased after suckling to 13.6 on Day 5 and then gradually declined; however, it remained significantly higher than T01 calves between days 5 and 140. Outcomes from this study have confirmed that colostral transfer of IBR and MH antibodies to newborn calves was successful and a high level of passive immunity was acquired by calves.  相似文献   

20.
The interferon-inducing ability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was determined in tissue cultures of bovine origin inoculated with untreated and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated IBR viruses. Interferon was assayed by the plaque-reduction method in bovine fetal kidney (BFK) cell cultures, using vesicular stomatitis virus as challenge virus. Highest interferon concentrations were produced by cultures of bovine fetal (BF) spleen cells and aveolar macrophage cultures derived from adult cattle. Moderate interferon concentrations were produced by peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) suspension cultures from adult cattle with serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus. Cultures of PBL from 1 cow without detectable serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus did not produce detectable interferon in response to IBR virus. Cultures of PBL from cattle with or without detectable serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus produced interferon when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Low levles of viral inhibitors were detected infrequently in monolayer cultures of BFK and BF nasal mucosa inoculated with UV-irradiated IBR virus and in BF tracheal organ cultures inoculated with untreated IBR virus. Interferon was not detected in fluids collected from IBR virus-exposed monolayer cultures of primary and secondary BF lung, secondary BF tracheal mucosa, secondary BF liver, secondary BF adrenal, and PBL in the 4th and 7th passages. The antiviral inhibitors from BF spleen, bovine alveolar macrophage, and PBL cultures induced with IBR virus, as well as inhibitors from PBL cultures induced with PHA, had the usual properties of interferon.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号