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漆酚—水杨酸接枝树脂的合成及对金属离子的吸附 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍了漆酚－水杨酸接枝树脂的合成方法,用红外和紫外光谱对合成树脂进行了表征,初步研究了ＵＳＲ对多种金属离子的吸附性能,结果显示,ＵＳＲ能与Ａｇ＾＋,ｇ＾２＋,Ｃｕ６２＋,Ｆｅ＾３＋,Ａｌ＾３＋,Ａｉ＾３＋等金属离子络合,ＵＳＲ等用于金属离子的分离,也能作为高分子催化剂和固定化漆树酶的载体。 相似文献
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漆树酶在漆酚树脂上的固定化研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
介绍了漆酚树脂吸附金属离子后对漆树酶的固定化方法，比较了Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ａｌ＾３＋、漆酚树脂和漆酚－水杨酸接枝树脂对漆树酶的固定化结果显示，漆酚－水杨酸－Ａｌ螯合树脂对漆树酶的固定化活力最高，测定了溶液ＰＨ，环境温度对固定化漆树酶活性的航固定化漆酶的重作用性。另外，测定了固定化漆树酶的米氏常数，Ｋｍ＝４．９×１０＾－３，并讨论了Ｋｍ小于天然漆树酶的米氏常数的原因。 相似文献
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-漆酚树脂催化合成酯、缩醛和缩酮的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用ＦｅＣｌ３－漆酚树脂作催化剂合成了香料丁酸乙酯、苯甲醛１,２－丙二醇缩醛、环己酮１,２－丙二醇缩酮、苹果酯和草莓酯,产物收率分别达９３．７％,７８．５％,９１．６％、８９．１％和９０．２％,产物经ＩＲ证实。 相似文献
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在吡啶／醋酸溶液中Ｆｅ＾３＋对Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化环己烷成环己酮略有催化作用，加入漆酚可使氧化产率显著提高到４０％－６０％，适当升高温度也能提高产率。溶剂组成对产率和选择性均有影响，最佳溶剂是摩尔比为２∶１的吡啶和醋酸组成的混合溶剂，此进主要产物是环己酮，选择性达９２％－９４％，其次为环己醇，但它不是该反应的中间产物。提出了可能的反应机理。 相似文献
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漆酚金属聚合物催化合成乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
对漆酚-FeCl3-SnCl4聚合物（UR-Fe-Sn)进行了红外光谱分析，结果显示，在UR-Fe-Sn聚合物中存在M-O（Fe-O、Sn-O)键。并用聚合物UR-Fe-Sn作催化剂催化醋酸与乙二醇单乙醚（EGEE）直接酯化合成乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯（EGEEA），选择了最佳反应条件，考察了UR-Fe-Sn催化剂的重复使用效果。实验表明，在UR-Fe-Sn催化剂作用下，醋酸转化率达到94%以上，EGEEA选择性达到91%，该催化剂具有重复催化效果，UR-Fe-Sn重复催化酯化反应时，EGEEA的选择性保持在87%以上，且催化活性能够再生。 相似文献
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酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸龙脑酯 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
制备了酸功能化离子液体(3-磺酸基)丙基三乙基铵硫酸氢盐[N(Et)3(CH2)3SO3H]HSO4,并用FT-IR、1HNMR和13CNMR对其进行了表征.将其与氯乙酸组成的复合催化体系用于催化α-蒎烯一步酯化反应,详细考察了离子液体用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比等因素对酯化反应的影响,得到了较佳的反应条件:n(α-蒎烯)∶n[N(Et)3(CH2)3SO3H]HSO4∶n(氯乙酸)∶n(乙酸)5∶0.6∶5∶14,反应温度30℃,反应时间10h.在该条件下α-蒎烯转化率为95.90%,乙酸龙脑酯选择性45.07%.并对催化体系的重复使用性进行了考察,重复使用5次时,α-蒎烯转化率仍达87.4%,乙酸龙脑酯选择性40.6%. 相似文献
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制备、表征了酸功能化离子液体1-（3-磺酸）丙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐（（HSO，-pmim）H2PO4），并用于催化合成乙酸松油酯的反应研究，考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料配比、催化荆用量等因素对反应的影响。在松油醇5．1g、n（松油醇）：n（乙酸酐）1：1．5、离子液体1．5g、反应温度40℃、反应时间8h的工艺条件下，松油醇转化率为100％，乙酸松油酯的选择性为87．2％；并对离子液体（HSO3-pmim）H2PO4的重复使用性能进行了考察，离子液体在不经处理直接重复使用6次后，松油醇的转化率为99．4％，乙酸松油酯的选择性为88．6％，具有较好的重复使用性能。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献