共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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临夏地区春蚕豆根腐病发生与为害调查 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对甘肃临夏地区的３４０块春蚕豆田根腐病的调查，明确了该区蚕豆根腐病死亡率为１％～９０％，平均为１５．３３％；死亡率小于１０％的地块占调查地块总数５９．７％，大于３０％地块占１７．３５％，随着海拔梯度的增高，蚕豆死亡率逐渐下降。病原真菌主要有腐皮镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｏｌａｎｉ）、燕麦镰刀菌（Ｆ．ａｖｅ－ｎａｃｅｕｍ）、粘帚霉（Ｇｌｉｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｕｍ）和尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆ．ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ） 相似文献
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小麦黑胚病种子菌的光镜和扫描电镜观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
检测表明京双１６、聊８９－２,聊９１－１,聊９１Ｂ１８－２７－１及鲁麦１２６个小麦品种（品系）的黑胚病病粒率为７．６％￣４５．７％,病情指数为３．２％￣１３．５％,以聊８９－１最轻,鲁麦１２最重。借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对６个品种（品纱）的黑胚种子和健康胚种子进行了比较观察,证实了黑胚种子胚中链格孢菌的存在,此外,亦观察到黑胚种子寄藏有类似于长蠕孢属,枝孢属等真菌的菌体。 相似文献
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枣缩果病病原子实体的诱导和鉴定 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
１９９２～１９９６年作者对枣缩果病病原研究认为该病由Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｓｐ．（Ｃ．ｓｐ）、Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａａｌｔｅｒ－ｎａｔａｆ．ｓｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓ和一种半知菌亚门有隔有色丝状菌等多病原引起。经室内外对上述病原菌的子实体诱导，以及越冬后自然病果上子实体的发现，病原菌Ｃ．ｓｐ．经再鉴定为Ｃ．ｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｍＢｏｎ，另一病原菌半知菌亚门有隔有色丝状菌订名为群生小穴壳菌ＤｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａＳａｃｃ。至此明确引起枣缩果病的病原为Ｃ．ｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｍ、Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａａｌｔｅｒｎａｔａｆ．ｓｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓ、Ｄｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａ和一种细菌（待鉴定） 相似文献
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小麦黑胚病与种子千粒重的关系 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
小麦黑胚病与种子千粒重的关系田世发朱之（河北农业大学农学院植保系保定０７１００１）小麦黑胚病在河北省北部春麦区普遍发生。几年来，作者收集张家口崇礼县不同海拔的小麦品种和张家口坝下所肥、水试验地的小麦叶枯病、黑胚病种子，于室内调查其黑胚病病粒率和黑胚... 相似文献
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经鉴定胡卢巴灰斑病病原菌为尾孢属真菌ＣｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｔｒａｖｅｒｓｉａｎａＳａｃｃ．，该病及病原真菌在国内尚未见报道。文中简要描述了病害症状及病原菌的形态特征。用吸水纸法对发病田播种用的种子及当年病田所产种子进行样品检验，带菌率分别为１５％和４８％。初步认为种子带菌是病害发生的重要初侵染源 相似文献
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第２代棉铃虫是危害番茄最严重的世代，９５％左右的卵产在番茄植株顶尖至第４复叶层的嫩梢、嫩叶、果萼和茎基上，平均每株落卵３２．８粒。在番茄上的卵量和幼虫量与第１代蛾量密切相关，卵量（Ｙ１）与第１代蛾量（Ｘ）关系式为：Ｙ１＝一３１５．９＋１．７７８３Ｘ，ｎ＝６，ｒ＝０．８５６２，幼虫量（Ｙ２）与第１代蛾量（Ｘ）关系式为：Ｙ２＝３１．３＋０．１３４Ｘ，ｎ＝６，ｒ＝０．８６５２。在第２代棉铃虫产卵初盛期应用Ｂ.ｔ菌剂含孢子１００亿个／ｍＬ２００倍液喷雾３次，或１．８％爱福丁乳油４５ｍＬ／６６７ｍ２对水７５ｋｇ喷雾２次，防效显著。 相似文献
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东北黑鳃金龟幼虫是甜菜的主要害虫，利用昆虫病原线虫ＳｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａｇｌａｓｅｒｉＮＣ３２品系在甜菜苗期防治小区试验表明，每平方米施用线虫１００万头，幼虫死亡率可达８５．３％。大田防治结果，每６６７ｍ２施用４亿头线虫，幼苗被害率可控制在１５．１％以下，效果明显高于某些化学农药。线虫防治田与对照田相比，能显著的控制蛴螬的种群数量，使甜菜每６６７ｍ２增产３５１ｋｇ，表明利用线虫防治甜菜地蛴螬的可行性，为地下害虫无公害防治开辟了新途径。 相似文献
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小麦黑胚病种子带菌的光镜和扫描电镜观察 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
检测表明京双16、聊89-1、聊89-2、聊91-1、聊91B18-27-1及鲁麦12 6个小麦品种(品系)的黑胚病病粒率为7.6%~45.7%,病情指数为3.2%~13.5%,以聊89-1最轻,鲁麦12最重。借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对6个品种(品系)的黑胚种子和健康胚种子进行了比较观察,证实了黑胚种子胚中链格孢菌(Alternaria)的存在,此外,亦观察到了黑胚种子寄藏有类似于长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)等真菌的菌体。 相似文献
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Pathogenicity of isolates of Magnaporthe spp. from wheat and grasses infecting seedlings and mature wheat plants in Argentina 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. E. Perelló I. Martinez A. Sanabria R. Altamirano J. V. Sibole 《Plant pathology》2017,66(7):1149-1161
Wheat blast of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype triticum (MoT; anamorph Pyricularia oryzae) is a destructive disease in the South American countries of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. In Argentina, the fungus was recently recorded on wheat and barley plants in the northeast part of the country, Buenos Aires and Corrientes Provinces, with a potential for spreading. This work aimed to study, for the first time, the morphocultural and pathogenic characteristics of Magnaporthe isolates collected from wheat and other herbaceous species in Argentina and three neighbouring countries (Paraguay, Brazil and Bolivia) and determine their aggressiveness on wheat varieties. Statistical differences among isolates, culture media, and development conditions were found for conidia colour, growth rate, size and sporulation rate. Pathogenicity tests performed on seedlings with 19 isolates of Magnaporthe spp. under greenhouse conditions showed a maximum disease severity of 55.3% and 66.7% for varieties BIOINTA 3004 and Baguette 18, respectively. Weed and grass isolates were infectious on wheat, demonstrating their potential epidemiological role on the disease. Spike disease severity was 34.6% for the host × pathogen interaction of BIOINTA 3004 × PY22. Observed symptoms included partial or total spike bleaching, and glume and rachis discolouration. The 1000‐grain weight was significantly reduced to 38.5% and 63.1% for cultivars BIOINTA 3004 and Baguette 18, respectively. The disease affected grain germination, which fell to 65.9% for seeds infected with the PYAR22 isolate. Symptoms observed in infected grains were partial spotting, grain softening, and rot symptoms with the presence of a greyish mould. 相似文献
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Lorena A. Berruezo Guadalupe E. Mercado Cárdenas Eleonora del M. Harries Sebastián A. Stenglein Ramiro N. Curti Marcela S. Rodriguero Marta Z. Galván 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(4):1065-1081
Phenotypic traits are regularly used to diagnose the development of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in the field, whereas mycotoxin accumulation in wheat grains can only be accurately evaluated through costly methods, such as high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aim of this study was to determine whether: (i) the results provided by existing commercial decision support tools could be anticipated using phenotypic measurements, including a novel technique of computer–assisted image analysis of spikes; and (ii) these measurements could avoid using HPLC. We monitored the FHB development during two consecutive years in highly contaminated plots in the Burgundy region (France). Contamination by crop residues was simulated through a field inoculation with barley grains artificially colonized by Fusarium graminearum. The development of the disease on spikes and harvested grains was assessed on one tolerant and two susceptible wheat varieties. The accumulated amounts of mycotoxins were measured in harvested grains using HPLC. As expected, the measured traits revealed that the inoculum responsible for infection on spikes mainly came from residues left on the soil surface, and the susceptible varieties were more diseased than the tolerant variety. Weather conditions had a strong effect on disease development. The novel computer–assisted image analysis technique had a better prediction power of deoxynivalenol accumulation, was more objective and time–saving than classical visual symptom assessments. This assessment method could be suitable to supplement the use of existing prediction tools and might avoid systematic and costly mycotoxin measurements in likely infected plots. 相似文献
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河南省主推小麦品种白粉病发生程度及流行动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经１９９５～１９９７年的试验表明,河南省近几年推广的小麦品种６７％以上为感白粉病品种。极感品种（豫麦１３号）白粉病发生早,发病全盛期长,约３０ｄ,表观侵染速率（ｒ）达０.１１～０.１６,最终病指和病指曲线下面积（ＡＵＤＰＣ）都最高;高感品种豫麦２５等的最终病指及ＡＵＤＰＣ值分别比极感品种低１９％～６６％、４０％～７３％,发病早,发病全盛期２５～３０ｄ,ｒ值０.１～０.１５;中抗品种豫麦２１号、２４号、中育４号占３３％,没有免疫品种。中抗品种的最终病指及ＡＵＤＰＣ值比极感品种分别低８３％～９１％、８９％～９４％,且发病较晚,发病全盛期只有１０ｄ,ｒ值０.０６～０.１１。 相似文献
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S. Moran 《Phytoparasitica》1999,27(1):9-17
Whole wheat grain bait, treated with sodium fluoroacetate, is used to control field rodents in Israel. However, this bait
constitutes a potential primary non-target hazard to seed-eating birds. In the present study black-, red-, green- and yellow-dyed
whole wheat and sorghum grains, as well as undyed ones, were offered to feral pigeons,Columba livia, and to chukar partridges,Alectoris chukar, in the laboratory during 4 days. Grains were offered either piled on trays, or scattered. Consumption levels varied significantly
(P<0.05) among varieties. The pigeons preferred undyed grain; black and yellow grains were consumed the least. The partridges
preferred the undyed and black grains to all the other colored grains. When no undyed alternative was offered, the pigeons
preferred red and green, and the partridges — black wheat. The pigeons preferred wheat whole grain, and the partridges — sorghum
whole grain. When the pigeons received sorghum, a disliked grain, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the consumption of the differently dyed grains. 相似文献
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小麦品种(系)抗麦红吸浆虫鉴定技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦抗麦红吸浆虫指标的制定是筛选抗虫品种,对麦红吸浆虫实行综合治理的基础工作。通过分析比较危害指数、粒被害率、估计损失率、抗性指数、相对指数及聚类分析等指标鉴定结果,发现以感虫品种为对照,以穗被害率、粒被害率、估计损失率和单穗虫数等多个指标为依据的聚类分析法的鉴定结果最符合客观实际,建议今后在麦红吸浆虫抗性鉴定中推广应用。 相似文献
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Susanne Vogelgsang Michael Sulyok Andreas Hecker Eveline Jenny Rudolf Krska Rainer Schuhmacher Hans-Rudolf Forrer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(2):265-276
In a field experiment between 2004 and 2006, 14 winter wheat varieties were inoculated with either a mixture of three isolates
of F. poae or a mixture of three isolates of F. avenaceum. In a subsequent climate chamber experiment, the wheat variety Apogee was inoculated with individual single conidium isolates
derived from the original poly conidium isolates used in the field. Disease symptoms on wheat heads were visually assessed,
and the yield as well as the fungal incidence on harvested grains (field only) was determined. Furthermore, grains were analysed
using LC-MS/MS to determine the content of Fusarium mycotoxins. In samples from field and climate chamber experiments, 60 to 4,860 μg kg−1 nivalenol and 2,400 to 17,000 μg kg−1 moniliformin were detected in grains infected with F. poae and F. avenaceum, respectively. Overall, isolate mixtures and individual isolates of F. avenaceum proved to be more pathogenic than those of F. poae, leading to a higher disease level, yield reductions up to 25%, and greater toxin contamination. For F. poae, all variables except for yield were strongly influenced by variety (field) and by isolate (climate chamber). For F. avenaceum, variety had a strong effect on all variables, but isolate effects on visual disease were not reflected in toxin production.
Correlations between visual symptoms, fungal incidence, and toxin accumulation in grains are discussed. 相似文献