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警惕花生黑腐病菌的入侵 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2009年在我国广东省发现了花生黑腐病,该病害的典型症状是花生茎基部、果针和豆荚以及整个根系变黑腐烂,在温暖潮湿条件下,罹病部位产生大量红色小点,是病原菌的子囊壳。病原菌为冬青丽赤壳菌（Calonectria ilicicola Boedijin &; Reitsma）,无性阶段是寄生柱枝孢（Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield &; Alfenas）。花生黑腐病菌可侵染花生和大豆等20多种作物。应警惕花生黑腐病菌的入侵,及时有效地防止病害蔓延。 相似文献
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大豆红冠腐病是一种为害大豆生产的重要病害,该病害的典型症状是大豆叶片变黄萎蔫,植株枯萎,根系变黑腐烂,茎基部及根系表面产生大量红橙色小点,是病原菌的子囊壳。其致病菌为寄生柱枝孢菌（Cylindrocladiumparasiticum）,有性阶段为冬青丽赤壳菌（Calonectriailicicola）。本文对大豆红冠腐病及其致病菌的文献进行了简要的综述。 相似文献
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2018—2022年利用我国小麦茎基腐病优势病原假禾谷镰刀菌,研究了保护性耕作条件下病菌周年侵染循环规律。利用室内分层接种技术,明确了小麦播种层及以上的病菌能侵染小麦胚芽、地中茎、根茎结合处、芽鞘或叶鞘,但不侵染根系,病菌在种子5 cm以下不侵染小麦,为深翻有效压低菌源基数提供了依据。采用田间接种发现,苗期感病严重的可造成死苗,或分蘖减少;成株期茎秆枯死或白穗,分蘖更易发病,白穗呈零散分布,分散在小麦的不同高度。小麦收获后贴茬播种玉米,麦茬上携带的病菌能在玉米田生态环境中继续繁衍;玉米收获后,病菌随麦茬与玉米秸秆同时粉碎并旋耕,使病菌在田间得到扩散,进而再次侵染下茬小麦。据此揭示了黄淮海小麦秸秆还田、玉米（谷子等夏播作物）免耕播种等保护性耕作条件下小麦茎基腐病逐渐成为严重影响小麦产量的重要病害。同时,研究结果表明假禾谷镰刀菌是当地菌源,经逐年优选和积累成为了优势病原,提出了以生态调控为核心的茎基腐病绿色防控策略。 相似文献
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大豆烂根病又叫大豆秆腐病、大豆炭腐病,是大豆的一种根部病害,在山东省分布广泛。2000年,平阴县刁山坡镇部分农户在刨掉苹果树的土地上种植未经定名的春大豆时,大豆烂根病严重发生。6月12日调查死苗率达50%以上。未死植株长势衰弱,单株产量降低,出油率下降。笔者与有关单位就病原发生条件及防治技术进行了研究,在生产中取得了较好效果。1症状和病原病菌主要侵染大豆茎基部和根部。茎基部受侵染后,皮层皱缩,形成菱形灰褐色病斑,下部叶片变黄,植株生长矮小,结夹少,千粒重下降。发病严重的,病斑可绕茎一周,引起植株萎缩枯死。根、茎的内皮组织… 相似文献
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亚麻枯萎病又称亚麻萎蔫病，在云南省亚麻产区均有发生，尤以滇东南部湿度较大的地区发病较重。文山州的西畴、马关、麻栗坡及文山等地重病田病株率20％～30％，严重的高达 50％以上。 1症状 本病以幼苗受害严重。其症状是幼苗植株萎蔫倒伏，根部有时细缢，叶上无病斑。成株期自茎顶端萎蔫，植株顶部初呈黄绿色，后变黄褐色，茎秆维管束变褐色，从而导致整株枯死，但茎仍直立。植株根部受病菌侵染后，根系受破坏变褐色，易自土中拔出。在潮湿生态环境条件下，茎基部生粉红色霉状物，即病菌的分生孢子梗和分生孢子。 2病原 亚麻枯萎… 相似文献
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玉米细菌性茎腐病病原菌的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玉米基腐病和茎腐病是近年来影响玉米生产的病害,在江苏以茎腐病的发生较普遍。两种病害的症状有些相似,但前者为害茎基,后者主要在玉米拔节期以后为害植株的中部,引起茎腐。玉米基腐病是由腐霉菌 Pythium aphanidermatum 引起的。玉米茎腐病是细菌性病害,本文报导病原细菌鉴定方面的研究结果。玉米茎腐病的病组织中分离到的菌株,分为三种不同的类型。 相似文献
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玉米顶腐病鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
报道了玉米顶腐病发生的系统性症状特点及病原菌鉴定的结果。玉米顶腐病抽穗前主要表?叶缘缺刻、叶片枯死、扭曲卷裹、弯头、顶叶丛生;抽穗后表?为叶片基部腐烂,叶鞘、茎秆腐烂,植株畸形。叶缘缺刻和叶片撕裂是顶腐病区别于其他病害的鉴别性特征。引起玉米顶腐病的病原菌小分生孢子呈假头状着生,而不是串珠状着生,因此,将该病原菌鉴定为亚粘团镰孢霉[Fusarium subglutinans(Wr.&;Reink.)Nelson,Toussoun&;Marasas]。引起茎、叶部两种症状的亚粘团镰孢霉同源性很高,在遗传上具有较高的相似性,是同一病原。与串珠镰孢霉复合侵染可加重病害的发生,其发病率较单独接菌高11.1%。 相似文献
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本病初出现于浙江省的年份已无从查考。在1952年开始发现于肖山,至1953年秋收时始引起重视而进行初步研究。 相似文献
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To clarify the causal pathogen of bulb rot within Lilium brownii var.viridulum cultivated in Yichun,Jiangxi Province,a field investigation was performed in manufacturing base in 2017.The pathogen was isolated from diseased bulbs and further identified base on morphological characteristics,pathogenicity testing,sequencing alignment and phylogenic analysis.By combining morphological characteristics with analysis of nucleotide sequences on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),actin (ACT),beta-tubulin (TUB2),chitin synthase (CHS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),the fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum spaethianum.Taken together,the test with Koch's postulates confirmed that C.spaethianum was the pathogen of L.brownii var.viridulum bulb rot. 相似文献
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To clarify the causal pathogen of bulb rot within Lilium brownii var.viridulum cultivated in Yichun,Jiangxi Province,a field investigation was performed in manufacturing base in 2017.The pathogen was isolated from diseased bulbs and further identified base on morphological characteristics,pathogenicity testing,sequencing alignment and phylogenic analysis.By combining morphological characteristics with analysis of nucleotide sequences on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),actin (ACT),beta-tubulin (TUB2),chitin synthase (CHS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),the fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum spaethianum.Taken together,the test with Koch's postulates confirmed that C.spaethianum was the pathogen of L.brownii var.viridulum bulb rot. 相似文献
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Charcoal rot caused byMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. damages stalk tissue and weakens stalk strength, leading to lodging of crop and loss in grain yield in sorghum.
In an attempt to understand the pathogenicity byM. phaseolina in relation to stalk characters and plant outputs, the effects of morphological (stalk-thickness), anatomical (bundle-number,
bundle-density, and vascular tissue) and physiological characters (water and soluble sugar content) of the stalks of winter
sorghum genotypes on charcoal rot development were analyzed. Bundle-number and stalk-thickness had a significant influence
on internal spread of charcoal rot. A thicker stalk facilitated the spread of lesions more than did a thinner one. A stalk
with densely packed vascular bundles inhibited lesion advancement. Field studies with 24 winter sorghum genotypes demonstrated
that most of the parameters that could improve grain and stover yield also increased the length of charcoal rot lesions. Lesion
development in stalks showed a high degree of association with grain yield (R2=0.51) and 100-grain weight (R2=0.42). The rate of symptom development in stalks differed during dough and maturity stages. It was concluded that anatomical
characters of sorghum stalk, especially bundle-number, along with yield parameters played an important role in determining
the extent of stalk damage by charcoal rot in winter sorghum.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting March 25, 2008. 相似文献
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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an important landscaping plant in Nanning, Guangxi. In 2019, a new stem rot disease was found in H. rosa-sinensis planting area in Nanning. Six diseased samples were collected, and six fungal isolates were isolated and purified from these samples. The fungi were identified as genus Lasiodiplodia based on morphological characteristics of colony and spore. Combined with the text of Koch's rule and a multi-gene phylogenetic tree with sequences of rDNA-ITS, EF-α and β-tubulin, we confirmed that L. theobromae was the pathogen of the new stem rot disease in Nanning. This is the first report on L. theobromae causing H. rosa-sinensis disease in China. 相似文献
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近几年,根腐病在我国花椒产区大面积发生,严重影响了花椒的产量和质量。为明确引起花椒根腐病的病原,本研究从陕西省凤县花椒示范基地采集花椒根腐病标本,采用组织分离法和致病性检验获得花椒根腐病菌。通过对花椒根腐病菌的形态学观察及ITS、 β-tubulin和TEF1-α序列分析,将花椒根腐病菌鉴定为腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)。杀菌剂室内抑菌活性筛选结果表明,选用的十种杀菌剂对F. solani的菌落生长均表现出一定的抑制作用,其中以6%丙唑·多菌灵悬乳剂、30%苯甲·丙环唑悬乳剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂对花椒根腐病菌的抑制作用较强,EC50值分别为0.48、0.66、1.40和1.61 mg·L-1。本研究结果为花椒根腐病的有效防控提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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<正>Dickeya和Pectobacterium属细菌的植物寄主广泛,包括十字花科、茄科、百合科、伞形花科和禾本科等科的农作物[1],所引发的细菌性软腐病严重影响农作物的产量和品质,造成严重经济损失,威胁农业生产和粮食安全。Dickeya和Pectobacterium属不同种的菌株能侵染同一种植物,产生相似的病症。如已发现能侵染马铃薯并导致软腐病害的有D. solani、D. dianthicola、D. dadantii、D.chrysanthemi、D. zeae、P. versatile、P. carotovorum、P. brasiliense、P. atrosepticum、P. betavasculorum、P. parmentieri、P. parvum、P. peruviense、P. polaris、P. actinidiae和P. punjabense等种的细菌[2-3]。 相似文献
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近年来,在湖北省油莱上发生一种病害,油菜抽薹后,主轴上产生暗绿色水渍状长条斑,病部溢出大量乳黄色粘稠物,后为黑褐色腐烂,其主轴萎缩卷曲,角果干秕、枯死。被害维管束变褐,髓部变黄。叶片上很少见病斑。从这种病株上分离到了致病细菌,经全面、系统鉴定,确定为黑腐病黄色单胞杆菌[Xanthomonas campestris(Pammel)Dowsom]。由黑腐病菌引起的上述症状,国内外未曾报道过。另外,对来自六种十字花科寄生的七个黑腐病菌株,作了致病力比较测定,结果差异显著,以油莱两个黑腐病菌株致病力最强,表明可能存在不同生理型。 相似文献