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苏云金杆菌对小菜蛾取食量、生长发育和生殖的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在室内测定了苏云金杆菌制剂对小菜蛾３、４龄幼虫取食量、发育历期、幼虫化蛹率、蛹的羽化率、成虫寿命和雌虫产卵量的影响。结果表明,小菜蛾３龄初幼虫取食Ｂｔ制剂后,３龄幼虫的取食量显著减少,而发育历期显著延长,但对能发育到４龄的幼虫其取食量和发育历期没有显著影响。小菜蛾４龄幼虫取食Ｂｔ后,幼虫化蛹率和成虫羽化率均显著下降,且下降幅度随Ｂｔ制剂浓度的增高而增大。用４００倍的Ｂｔ液剂供给小菜蛾成虫取食,虽然对其寿命没有显著影响,但可导致雌虫产卵量显著减少。 相似文献
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初步探讨了取食不同寄主植物的甜菜夜蛾对药剂敏感性及其体内酶活性的变化。结果表明：取食不同寄主植物的甜菜夜蛾对灭多威、溴氰菊酯的敏感性变化较大，最大LD50之比分别达17．3和44．9倍，而对辛硫磷的敏感性变化不大，最大LD50之比为1．9倍；取食不同寄主植物的甜菜夜蛾体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的活性差异不显著，而羧酸酯酶活性、多功能氧化酶脱甲基作用差异显著，其中羧酸酯酶的活性变化与对灭多威敏感性的变化相一致。因此，羧酸酯酶可能是寄主植物影响甜菜夜蛾对灭多威敏感性变化的因素之一。 相似文献
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为明确小菜蛾Plutella xylostella对寄主植物真叶和子叶的适合度,于室内测定8种十字花科植物改良青杂3号、改良露头青、陕油0913、甘杂1号、超级火箕青、四月慢、绿球66和中花尖叶芥蓝真叶和子叶的营养物质和次生代谢物质的含量,并测定取食后小菜蛾幼虫的取食选择性、发育历期、蛹重、保护酶和解毒酶活性。结果显示,8种寄主植物真叶的可溶性糖、总氨基酸、单宁、类黄酮和总酚含量之间差异显著,且大部分均显著高于其子叶,8种寄主植物子叶的可溶性糖、总氨基酸、单宁、类黄酮和总酚含量之间也差异显著。小菜蛾3龄幼虫偏好取食真叶;取食8种寄主植物真叶后成虫前期的发育历期为12.3～16.3 d,取食子叶后成虫前期的发育历期为14.3～18.6 d;取食子叶的蛹重明显低于取食其真叶;取食8种寄主植物真叶的小菜蛾幼虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）、羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase,Car... 相似文献
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为探明草地贪夜蛾的抗寒能力及取食不同寄主植物对其抗寒能力的影响,本试验对取食人工饲料及小麦、玉米和高粱等三种不同寄主植物的草地贪夜蛾部分虫态的过冷却点和结冰点进行了测定。试验结果表明:人工饲料饲养的草地贪夜蛾不同虫态间过冷却点和结冰点存在显著差异,其中蛹的过冷却点和结冰点最低,分别为(-16.71±0.26)℃和(-5.04±0.21)℃,显著低于其他虫态;3~6龄幼虫的过冷却点和结冰点随龄期增大而升高。取食3种不同寄主植物的草地贪夜蛾蛹的过冷却点和结冰点显著低于幼虫和成虫。在不同寄主植物之间,取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾蛹的过冷却点最低。除取食高粱的4龄幼虫外,取食3种寄主植物的幼虫的过冷却点均随龄期增大而升高。取食3种寄主植物的雌成虫过冷却点无显著差异,但取食高粱的雄成虫过冷却点显著低于取食小麦的。 相似文献
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取食转Bt基因棉等植物对甜菜夜蛾生长发育和药剂敏感性的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
以转Bt基因棉(Bt棉)等6种寄主植物为材料,研究了对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua Hübner生长发育和药剂敏感性的影响,并对它们的后代体内乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶比活力进行了初步测定。结果表明,在25±1℃恒温、光照L:D=12:12条件下,甜菜夜蛾取食Bt棉与取食普通棉相比,幼虫历期延长了9.7d,龄数由5龄增加到7龄,单雌产卵力降低,幼虫存活率、蛹重、化蛹率、成虫羽化率和寿命略有降低。取食不同寄主植物间幼虫的存活率、蛹重和单雌产卵力较取食Bt棉和普通棉花间的差异更大。取食Bt棉的幼虫对顺式氯氰菊酯、灭多威、丙溴磷和氟啶脲的敏感性,较取食普通棉花的降低1～1.6倍,也较取食其它植物的敏感性明显降低。但该幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的比活力却比取食普通棉花及其它植物的明显高。 相似文献
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通过小菜蛾Plutella xylostella L.幼虫对菜心取食量变化的研究,得知小菜蛾幼虫在不同阶段的取食量以及变化规律,累计取食量在一定程度上表明了害虫的某一发育阶段对寄主的危害程度。并根据小菜蛾幼虫取食量与时间关系使用SAS8.1和Matlab7.1软件进行曲线拟合。小菜蛾幼虫取食菜心的叶面积的拟合曲线为f(t)=a1*sin(a2*t+a3)+a4*sin(a5*t+a6)+a7*sin(a8*t+a9),(R2=0.8832);而小菜蛾幼虫取食菜心叶片累计取食量的拟合曲线的Logistic模型为y=429.6285/[1+exp(0.66963-0.51935t)](R2=0.9621,p<0.05)。 相似文献
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寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾生长发育和消化酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
通过室内饲养和生化测定,研究了甜菜、玉米和黄瓜3种寄主植物的营养物质及其对甜菜夜蛾幼虫发育、成虫产卵及5龄幼虫体内蛋白质和总氨基酸含量、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的影响.结果表明:与取食玉米和黄瓜的个体相比,取食甜菜的甜菜夜蛾,其幼虫期和蛹期较短,分别为11.4天和5.6天;蛹期存活率最高,达100%;成虫寿命较长,为26.3天;单雌产卵量最高,为301.8粒.取食3种寄主植物,甜菜夜蛾5龄幼虫体内的蛋白质含量无差异,但总氨基酸含量差异显著,此外,幼虫体内淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力也存在显著差异,取食甜菜的个体>取食玉米的个体>取食黄瓜的个体.取食不同寄主植物,甜菜夜蛾幼虫的消化酶和脂肪酶活力与其发育适合度呈正相关. 相似文献
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A droplet feeding technique was used to feed known amounts of Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) spores to larvae of the tomato moth, Lacanobia oleracea (L) in order to assess the susceptibility of this lepidopteran pest to the pathogen. All first- to fourth-instar larvae died as a result of ingesting 1000 or more V necatrix spores. Two forms of death were observed, which were dependent on the dose and the age of the insect when treated. For first-instar larvae, rapid death (within 6days of dosing) occurred after ingestion of 2000 spores, whereas lower doses resulted in a proportion of larvae dying from chronic infection (microsporidiosis). For more advanced stages, increasing spore doses were required to give rapid death, such that a dose of 200,000 spores was needed to give 80% mortality within 6 days for third-instar larvae. Rapid death was not observed in fourth- to sixth-instar larvae. In all cases successful pupation and adult emergence were much reduced compared with non-infected larvae. Suspensions of V necatrix were sprayed on to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plants maintained in small glasshouses prior to infestation of the plants with L oleracea larvae. The numbers and biomass of pest larvae retrieved from the plants sprayed with V necatrix were significantly reduced by up to 40% and 70%, respectively, compared with plants sprayed with water (control). Similarly, plants sprayed with V necatrix showed a reduction in damage of up to 45% compared with the control plants. 相似文献
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三种寄主植物对小菜蛾实验种群特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确萝卜、白菜和油菜对小菜蛾实验种群特征的影响,测定了小菜蛾对3种寄主的取食量,通过构建两性生命表比较了不同寄主植物对其实验种群发育与繁殖的影响,并综合生命表与取食量参数,评价了小菜蛾对萝卜、白菜和油菜的危害。结果显示:小菜蛾幼虫在萝卜、油菜和白菜上的取食量差异显著,分别为93.3、105.0和114.7 mg/头。小菜蛾取食萝卜、白菜和油菜后,其幼虫的发育历期差异显著,依次为8.6、8.5和7.6 d;种群内禀增长率依次为0.18、0.23和0.23,周限增长率为1.19、1.26和1.26,净生殖率为18.7、46.1和30.6。取食萝卜的小菜蛾各发育阶段的存活率最低。小菜蛾对各供试寄主实际危害量占理论危害量的百分比为油菜(71.8%)白菜(70.8%)萝卜(53.0%)。表明同一时间内,小菜蛾对油菜危害程度最大,白菜次之,萝卜最小。 相似文献
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Field trials were conducted in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata), cauliflower (B oleracea var botrytis) and knol khol (B oleracea gongylodes) crops at two different locations in Karnataka State (India) to optimize the timing of insecticide applications to control the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, using sex pheromone traps. Our results indicate that applications of cartap hydrochloride as insecticide during a 12–24 h period after the pheromone traps had caught on average 8, 12 and 16 males per trap per night in cabbage, cauliflower and knol khol, respectively, were significantly more effective than regular insecticide sprays at 7, 9, 12 or 15 days after transplantation. This was demonstrated by estimation of the mean number of eggs and larvae per plant, the percentage of holes produced, as well as the marketable yield of the three crops at each location. A good correlation between the immature stages, infestation level, the estimated crop yield and the number of moths caught in pheromone traps was also found, indicating the usefulness of pheromone‐based monitoring traps to predict population densities of the pest. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.), is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests worldwide. The susceptibility of S. litura larvae reared on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato to phoxim, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, fenvalerate and emamectin benzoate under laboratory conditions was determined. RESULTS: Spodoptera litura larvae reared on tobacco were most tolerant to all insecticides, whereas those that fed on sweet potato were most susceptible. When larvae were reared on each host plant for three generations, the susceptibilities to phoxim of larvae that fed on Chinese cabbage and cowpea were similar, whereas the susceptibility of larvae that fed on sweet potato decreased by the third generation, and on tobacco the susceptibility decreased in each consecutive generation. When nicotine was added to their diet for three consecutive generations, the tolerance of larvae to phoxim increased twofold, and to emamectin benzoate 3.1‐fold, but the tolerance of larvae to fenvalerate and chlorfenapyr did not change. The acetylcholinesterase activities of the larvae that fed on sweet potato and cowpea were greater than the activities of those that fed on Chinese cabbage and tobacco. In contrast, the carboxylesterase activities of the larvae that fed on tobacco and Chinese cabbage were greater than the activities of those that fed on sweet potato and cowpea. The glutathione S‐transferase activities of larvae were highest when they fed on tobacco, followed by Chinese cabbage and cowpea, and the lowest activities were observed when larvae fed on sweet potato. CONCLUSION: Feeding on tobacco or with nicotine added to the diet, the larvae became more tolerant to insecticides, especially to phoxim and emamectin benzoate. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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测试了欧洲山芥对小菜蛾个体发育和成虫繁殖力的影响，以及小菜蛾雌蛾经历不同植物后对其产卵选择性的影响。结果表明，在欧洲山芥开花结籽期植株上取食发育至化蛹的少量个体，与白菜、结球甘蓝上取食发育的个体相比，身体较小，繁殖力较低；欧洲山芥具有刺激小菜蛾成虫增加生殖力的作用，对甘蓝上发育出来的雌成虫，当分别提供欧洲山芥或结球甘蓝让其产卵时，在两种植物上平均每雌产卵量分别为267粒和139粒；经历不能明显改变小菜蛾雌成虫对欧洲山芥的强烈嗜好性，当小菜蛾在成虫期经历白菜或甘蓝后．对这两种植物的相对嗜好性虽有所提高，但仍将绝大部分或所有的卵产在欧洲山芥上。可见，欧洲山芥对于小菜蛾是一种较为理想的诱杀植物。 相似文献
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The residual toxicity of two selective insecticides, teflubenzuron (acylurea) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner ssp. aizawai (microbial), to laboratory and field strains of Plutella xylostella L. was shown in the laboratory to be significantly affected by leaf nutritional status, other host-plant resistance factors, cultivation method and plant age. With plants offering some degree of host-plant resistance, the toxicity of the insecticides was either increased or decreased compared with highly susceptible plants, depending on the specific nature of the plant-herbivore interaction. Differences in residual toxicity of the insecticides varied up to nine-fold on different host plants (=host-plant- + insecticide-induced mortality) despite less than four-fold differences in P. xylostella mortality in controls (=host-plant-induced mortality alone). Host-plant nutritional status also had a substantial effect on the damage potential of larvae. Different response times by P. xylostella to the two insecticides tested on host plants of varying nutritional status were related to the contrasting modes of action of the respective active ingredients. The present studies suggest that insecticides applied to Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata with partial plant resistance may contribute to improved control of P. xylostella. A conceptual model is used to describe likely mortality responses by macrophagous larvae to insecticides applied to plants of varying resistance status. The implications of the findings in relation to the integrated management of P. xylostella are considered. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae were surface-disinfested by treatment with 2% chloramine-T for 20 min and then with an antibiotic solution (1,000 ppm of colistin sulfate, 1,000 ppm of vancomycin hydrochloride, and 6,000 ppm of cefotaxime sodium) for 1 day. The disinfested resting spores were used to inoculate hairy roots of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. Fuji Wase), Chinese cabbage (B. pekinensis cv. Musou Hakusai), turnip (B. rapa var. rapifera cv. Wase Okabu), and rape (B. napus line Dc 119). Differences among hosts in susceptibility to clubroot in hairy roots were evident. Chinese cabbage and turnip hairy roots supported the highest percentages of root hair infection (53.3 to 80%) and the greatest production of zoosporangial groups (8.5 to 32.5 per root). Moreover, gall formation was observed only on Chinese cabbage and turnip hairy roots. The morphology of zoo-sporangia, plasmodia, and resting spores in diseased hairy roots was found to be identical to that in infected intact plants by both light and scanning electron microscopy. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the infectivity of resting spores produced in hairy roots. Thus, the hairy root culture technique should prove useful as a dual culture system for P. brassicae. 相似文献