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1.
为了靶向消减根区土壤盐碱障碍和定向培育健康沃土,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展田间小区试验,设置沙土覆盖种植孔(S)、条施生物炭+沙土覆盖种植孔(B+S)、条施生物炭+脱硫石膏覆盖种植孔(B+G) 3个处理,对比分析0～20 cm和>20～40 cm土层土壤质量及向日葵产量差异。结果表明:根区施用生物炭和脱硫石膏改变了0～40 cm±壤水溶性离子组成,主要表现为增加Ca2+含量而降低Na+含量。与S处理相比,B+S和B+G处理显著降低了0～40 cm土壤钠吸附比(sodium adsorption ratio,SAR)和>20～40 cm土层pH值,增大了土壤脱盐率(Ds);B+S和B+G处理还增加了0～40 cm土壤有机质(OM)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、有效磷(available phosphorus,AP)和速效钾(AK)含量,为向日葵出苗和生长提供了良好的土壤环境。此外,B+S和B+G处理通过调理盐碱指标(SAR,Ds,Ca2+和Mg 相似文献
2.
土壤盐碱化是中国西北干旱灌区农业可持续发展的关键制约因素之一。为探讨联合施用褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良的效果,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展了连续2 a的田间试验,分析了褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用对种植向日葵的盐碱农田土壤理化性质和水肥利用效率的影响。试验设置了6个处理：只施用化肥的对照处理(CK)、只施用2 t/hm2褐煤有机肥的处理(LBF),以及4个褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用的处理,即在施用2 t/hm2褐煤有机肥基础之上再分别施用5(LBF+F5)、10(LBF+F10)、15(LBF+F15)、20(LBF+F20)t/hm2脱硫石膏。结果表明：在0～40 cm土层,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用显著改变了土壤盐分组成,增加了土壤中可溶性Ca2+、SO42-和Mg2+的含量,降低了可溶性Na+、CO32-和HCO3-的含量。与对照处理相比,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用处理使0～20 cm土层土壤pH... 相似文献
3.
以内蒙古河套灌区典型的盐碱土为研究对象,采用烟气脱硫石膏、腐殖酸、保水剂材料研发的复合调理剂对根区盐碱土进行综合改良,通过室内盆栽试验,分析不同配比烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂对土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐、盐基离子含量、养分水平、含水量、硬度及向日葵出苗率的影响。结果表明:(1)不同比例施用烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂后土壤pH值均显著降低,降低幅度0.45～0.79个单位,土壤中Na~+和CO_3~(2-)+HCO_3~-含量分别降低了9.7%～20.1%和14.3%～30.4%;(2)不同比例施用烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂后土壤有机质、碱解氮和含水量分别增加了13.9%～119.3%、9.1%～159.2%和4.4%～20.2%,土壤硬度降低了13.4%～56.7%;(3)不同比例施用烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂后,向日葵出苗率从6.7%增加到了20.0%～66.7%;通过对盐碱土综合改良效果及向日葵出苗率进行分析,烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂的最优配方为烟气脱硫石膏2 580 kg·hm~(-2)、腐殖酸774 kg·hm~(-2)、保水剂516 kg·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
4.
为探讨保水剂不同施用方式的应用效果,在河套灌区,以不施为对照,开展撒施、穴施、沟施和混施BJ2101L保水剂对土壤水分、盐分和番茄生长影响的田间试验。结果表明：1）沟施、穴施和混施均显著提高0～80cm土层土壤水分,特别在番茄坐果期较对照提高了12.66%、9.40%和7.50%;2）保水剂可有效抑制土壤盐分的积累,提高番茄幼苗成活率,沟施、穴施、混施和撒施番茄产量较对照提高了37.70%、30.93%、26.35%和12.87%,水分利用效率提高了56.58%、44.98%、32.58%和24.05%。因此,河套灌区番茄生产中保水剂应以沟施为主。 相似文献
5.
沃特和PAM施用方式对土壤水分及玉米生长的影响 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
为了鉴别沃特保水剂和PAM不同施用方式的施用效果,在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区开展了撒施、沟施、穴施对土壤水含量和玉米生长影响的田间试验。结果表明不同施用方式提高了0～10cm土层土壤水含量,而30～40cm土层土壤水含量则随降水量的多少呈现出不同的规律性。随着玉米的生长,不同施用方式影响的土层深度逐渐加深,从三叶期0～50cm土层增加到成熟期的0～200cm土层,土壤水含量表现为沟施、穴施高于撒施,撒施高于对照。3种施用方式对玉米出苗无显著影响,但均提高了玉米生物量、籽粒产量、水分利用效率,降低了玉米的耗水量,其中沟施、穴施的效果强于撒施。沃特、PAM相同施用方式对土壤水含量和玉米生长无显著影响,且沟施和穴施之间无显著性差异,但沃特单位施用量单位面积的增产量高于PAM。玉米生产中,沃特、PAM应以沟施或穴施为主。 相似文献
6.
土壤结构改良剂对重度碱化盐土的改良效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以宁夏银北重度碱化盐土为研究对象,系统研究生化黄腐酸BFA(Biochemical fulvic acid)和聚合硫酸铁铝PAFS(Polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate)与脱硫石膏FGD(Flue gas desulfurization)配合施用对土壤结构改善及其他理化性状的改良效果。结果表明:施用脱硫石膏和结构改良剂后向日葵出苗率、株高、千粒重和产量较对照均有显著增加。2014年、2015年和2016年脱硫石膏和改良剂配合施用的处理产量比对照平均提高了353.48%、298.82%和411.47%。2014年施用脱硫石膏和结构改良剂的处理0~20 cm土壤容重较对照处理平均降低9.07%,其中T3(FGD+BFA+PAFS)降幅最大。各处理土壤孔隙度变化趋势与容重相反。2015年和2016年0~20 cm脱硫石膏和改良剂配合施用的处理<0.25 mm粒级质量分数比2014年显著降低,1~2 mm粒级质量分数显著增加。整体来讲,改良后T3土壤水稳性团聚体状况最佳。脱硫石膏单独施用或与结构改良剂配合施用均会降低土壤pH值和EC,T3降幅最大;施用脱硫石膏和不同结构改良剂处理差异间不显著。施用脱硫石膏和改良剂后土壤有机质较对照明显增加,其中T3增幅最大,T4(FGD+BFA)次之。施用脱硫石膏和改良剂后土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾变化情况与有机质相似,但增幅略大于有机质增幅。整体来讲,施用FGD+BFA+PAFS可以显著改善碱化盐土土壤结构、提高土壤有机质和养分含量,实现作物显著增产增收。 相似文献
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为了实现内蒙古河套灌区盐碱土壤快速改良和构建淡化和肥沃的耕层,将脱硫石膏分别与腐植酸(改良剂GF)、糠醛渣(改良剂GH)按2∶3的质量比配制两种钙基型土壤改良剂。采用田间小区试验,以不施用改良剂为对照(CK),研究了两种改良剂不同施用量处理(15、30和45 t/hm2)对收获期土壤盐分离子、养分含量和向日葵产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,两种改良剂处理显著降低了0～40 cm土层的pH值和0～20 cm土层的钠吸附比,但20～40 cm土层全盐量有所增加,尤其是改良剂施用量为45 t/hm2的处理。两种改良剂处理均可显著提高0～20 cm土层有机质含量,改良剂GF可提高土壤有效磷和铵态氮含量,改良剂GH可提高土壤速效钾含量。向日葵产量也得到显著提高,主要与土壤pH值、有效磷及铵态氮含量显著相关,在同等施用量条件下,改良剂GF消减土壤盐碱障碍,提高土壤养分含量的效果明显优于改良剂GH,进而获得了较高的向日葵产量。综上所述,改良剂GF施用量为15 t/hm2的处理在短期内能够实现土壤盐碱土壤改良、培肥和增产的效果,可在内蒙古河套灌区及同类地区进行推广应用。 相似文献
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耕作措施与施肥方式均是影响作物产量和干物质积累的重要因素,研究不同耕作与施肥方式对成熟期冬油菜产量、干物质积累及品质的影响,以期为区域冬油菜高产高效和科学施肥提供理论依据。通过 2017～ 2018和 2018～ 2019年 2年的田间试验,以‘川油 36’为试验材料,设置了免耕和旋耕两种耕作方式与肥料穴施、条施和撒施 3种不同施肥方式。施肥较不施肥对照 2年平均显著增产 1679.72 kg·hm -2,增幅达200.31%,单株荚角数显著增加 168.34个,增幅181.99%,油菜干物质量显著增加 5593.38 kg·hm -2,增幅达156.69%( P<0.05);油菜产量、产油量和干物质积累量在各施肥处理中均以旋耕穴施最高,2年平均较免耕撒施(农户习惯)显著增加16.89%、17.39%和17.03%( P<0.05)。旋耕穴施处理油菜枝、角果壳和籽粒的干物质积累量较免耕撒施分别提高了 28.21%、18.22%和 14.45%;相同施肥条件下,旋耕较免耕产量、产油量和干物质量 2年平均增加了5.40%～9.29%、1.72%～9.53%、3.73%～9.12%;相同耕作方式下,施肥方式对油菜、产油量、干物质量的影响差异显著,表现为穴施 >条施 >撒施,其中穴施、条施较撒施分别平均增产 213.21和 106.92 kg·hm -2,增幅8.84%和 4.43%;施肥后油菜籽粒含油率降低了 2.50%～ 7.72%,且旋耕方式降幅大于免耕;籽粒蛋白质含量提高;免耕条件下穴施较条施、撒施的籽粒产油量 2年平均分别增加 5.98%和 13.17%,旋耕条件下穴施、条施处理分别较撒施处理 2年平均增加 7.57%和 6.05%。在成都平原冲积土冬油菜种植区,旋耕结合肥料穴施或条施可以更好地实现冬油菜高产高效生产,实际生产中若采用免耕,可以采取穴施肥料的施用方式。 相似文献
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保水剂施用方式对土壤水分及向日葵生长的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为鉴别BJ2101-L保水剂不同施用方式对土壤水分和向日葵生长的影响效果,在内蒙古河套灌区以不施为对照,开展了沟施、混施和撒施BJ2101-L保水剂的田间试验。结果表明,沟施、混施和撒施均提高了0-80 cm土层土壤水分,特别是在向日葵开花期分别提高了10.71%,8.24%,6.63%。不同施用方式均促进了向日葵根系向深层土壤分布,促进了茎秆增高和增粗,提高了根、茎、叶、花盘生物量。沟施、混施、撒施籽粒产量分别较对照提高了26.80%,24.52%,10.86%,水分利用效率分别提高了49.29%,46.94%,25.06%,水分产出率分别提高了33.02%,29.79%,13.11%。河套灌区向日葵生产中BJ2101-L保水剂应以沟施或混施为主。 相似文献
10.
为了探究不同灌溉模式施加不同改良剂对河套灌区重度盐渍土的改良效果,设置秸秆深埋(SL)、石膏+有机肥(SF)、对照(CK)3个处理,对河套灌区重度盐渍土土壤盐分在0-70 cm剖面上的分布特点进行研究。结果表明:不同灌溉模式,SL和SF处理在0-15 cm土层均有效降低土壤pH,随改良时间延长改良深度增加pH持续降低,有一定的长效性,滴灌SL与SF处理pH较CK分别下降0.35,0.49,黄灌下降0.42,1.33,对30-70 cm土层影响较小。SF处理碱化度第2年下降达43%,SL处理为40%,滴灌更利于碱化度降低。从抑制盐分积累来看,SL与SF处理能有效抑制盐分0-15 cm土层聚集,黄灌SL与SF处理较CK分别下降13.60%,7.70%,滴灌分别下降31.60%,6.90%,SL处理抑盐效果较显著。土壤盐基离子表明,不同灌溉模式,SL与SF处理均显著降低0-15 cm土层Na~+与HCO_3~-的含量,滴灌降低比例高于黄灌,随着改良时间延长效果越显著,15-70 cm土层无明显变化。石膏加有机肥的施入提高0-70 cm土层SO_4~(2-)、Ca~(2+)及Cl~-的含量。通过对比分析,对河套灌区重度盐渍土治理而言,秸秆深埋和石膏+有机肥均能有效抑制重度盐渍土土壤积盐,有效降低pH及碱化度。整体来看,滴灌模式下石膏+有机肥改良效果优于秸秆深埋。 相似文献
11.
Sycheva S. A. Pushkina P. R. Khokhlova O. S. Ukrainsky P. A. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2020,53(11):1521-1537
Eurasian Soil Science - Recent and Late Pleistocene soils of the central forest-steppe in the East European Plain have been studied. The main objective of the work is to reveal changes in the... 相似文献
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论述数字馆藏的产生、概念和特点,分析数字馆藏资源建设中存在的问题,探讨数字馆藏资源建设中应采取的策略。 相似文献
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The alterations are studied which are produced in the content of mineral elements and organic fractions of sap with the increase in the osmotic pressure of the nutritive solution at levels of 2.0; 3.5 and 5.0 atm., obtained through the addition to the nutritive solution either of magnesium sulphate or PEG‐4000. Through the effect of the osmotic pressure, the transformations are modified of the nitrogen and mineral phosphorus at organic fractions experience a series of modifications which produce different values in the Nm%TSN and Pm%TSP ratios with respect to control. Through action of the specific effect of magnesium sulphate, the reducing sugars concentrations in sap having an important increase. 相似文献
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Changes in the taxonomic structure of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) growing on acid soddy-podzolic soil were studied. During the first stages of ontogenesis of winter rye, the rhizosphere complex of mycelial prokaryotes was characterized by a relatively level generic structure (with respect to the indices of abundance and frequency of particular genera), low values of the species diversity, and low domination frequency of the species from the Streptomyces genus. The numbers and species diversity of the streptomycetes increased during the further growth of the winter rye, so that streptomycetes became a dominant group in the complex of the rhizosphere actinomycetes. According to the two-way ANOVA, the population density of the Micromonospora and the Streptosporangium genera in the rhizosphere was mainly dictated by the winter rye variety, whereas the population density of the streptomycetes depended on the particular stage of the winter rye development. The differences between the actinomycetal complexes characteristic of different varieties of winter rye at the early stages of its development was leveled by the end of the winter rye growth. 相似文献
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产地溯源是保护农产品品牌及地区特色产品、防止欺诈、保护消费者权益的有效保障。稳定同位素指纹分析是用于食品产地溯源的有效技术之一,具有高效、准确、可靠的特点。本文系统分析了近5年来,稳定同位素指纹分析技术在植物源性初级农产品、加工农产品溯源中的应用以及稳定同位素在食品加工过程中分馏变化的研究进展。在此基础上,展望了今后稳定同位素在植物源性农产品产地溯源中的研究重点和发展方向。 相似文献
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Yu. G. Chendev A. L. Aleksandrovskii O. S. Khokhlova M. I. Dergacheva A. N. Petin A. N. Golotvin V. A. Sarapulkin G. L. Zemtsov S. V. Uvarkin 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(1):1-13
The Late Holocene stage of forest pedogenesis has been studied on the interfluves along river valleys in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland. The development of gray forest soils from the former chernozems as a result of the Late Holocene advance of forest vegetation over steppes is discussed. It is argued that the climatic conditions of the Subatlantic period were unstable, so that multiple alternation of forest and steppe vegetation communities took place. This specified a complex character of soil evolution upon contrasting substitution of forest pedogenesis for steppe pedogenesis. On the interfluves near the natural drainage network (balkas, ravines, and steep slopes of river valleys), the climate-driven dynamics of forest and steppe vegetation with corresponding changes in the character of pedogenesis could take place during the entire Holocene, which is reflected in a lower thickness of humus profiles and deeper leaching of carbonates from chernozems of the Early Iron Age in comparison with their analogues formed under steppe cenoses in central parts of the interfluves. Two variants of the evolution of gray forest soils can be suggested: the pulsating evolution typical of balkas and interfluves near river valleys and the continuous progressive evolution typical of automorphic (plakor) positions in central parts of the interfluves. 相似文献
17.
Accumulation of chemical elements in the raised peatbogs of the subtaiga Trans-Urals in the Holocene
The results of studying the variability of the geochemical parameters of the layers of the Sartamskii upland peatbog in the south of Tyumen oblast based on the radiocarbon time scale are given. Four basic types of peat and stages of peat deposits formation in the Holocene are distinguished: the organomineral layer of the sediments in a paleolake (up to 5065 ± 60 years ago), the low moor layer (4300–4900 years ago), the transitional layer (3100–4300 years ago), and the high moor peat (250–3100 years ago). The upper peat layer (last 200–300 years) significantly differs from its main portion; in particular, it is characterized by an increased ash content and the accumulation of a number of elements. The relationship between the various characteristics of the deposit is analyzed using principal component analysis, and the conditions of the formation of the peat deposit in different time periods are estimated, including the climatic conditions (in relative units). The anthropogenic signal of the accumulation of some elements in wetland systems is identified. 相似文献
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Specific structural and dynamic parameters of communities from various ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms and algae in the litter of artificial tree stands were studied using the example of the Staro-Berdyansky Forest in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The composition of the communities was shown to vary by seasons and depend on the forest-forming woody species. In spring, in all the litters, the maximal number of actinomycetes and aminotrophs was recorded; in the leaf litter, the number of phosphate-mobilizing organisms was also the largest. In summer, the development of cellulolytic organisms, ammonifiers, and nitrogen-fixers was intensified; in autumn, the number of micromycetes and oligotrophic organisms decreased. The composition of dominants, the species richness of algae and their abundance also varied by seasons. Representatives of the Chlorophyta division predominated. The highest species richness of algae was characteristic of the spring litter samples, and their number, for the spring and autumn ones. The positive correlation was established between the numbers of micromycetes and oligotrophs, micromycetes and algae. The negative correlation was found between the numbers of micromycetes and actinomycetes, cellulose-decompose bacteria and algae in the litters. 相似文献