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1.
在欧洲马品种中,黑色素皮质激素受体1(melanocortin receptor 1,MC1R)基因第248位碱基有C/T多态性,纯合的T248位点决定欧洲马的栗毛色。针对MC1R基因的248位点设计了2对特异性引物,采用等位基因特异性PCR技术,研究3个中国马品种MC1R基因型与栗色毛之间的关系。经扩增获得两种DNA片段,克隆测序后证明,扩增片段确为MC1R基因,两种DNA片段序列在基因的248位点的确呈现C/T多态性,但检测126份贵州矮马、西南马和新疆伊犁马血液样本,全部为杂合基因型(Ee),其中包括栗毛、黑毛、骝毛3种单毛色及3种复毛色。这些研究结果提示,MC1R基因中248位点的多态性与国内3个马品种的栗色毛之间没有直接的相关性。 相似文献
2.
Masaki TAKASU Nana HIRAMATSU Teruaki TOZAKI Hironaga KAKOI Telhisa HASEGAWA Masami MAEDA Huricha Satoshi KUSUDA Osamu DOI Tetsuma MURASE Harutaka MUKOYAMA 《Journal of Equine Science》2011,22(4):67-72
The objective of this study was to clarify the current status of endangered Kiso horse,
population statistics and biological traits, in order to take a step for the conservation
by scientific approach. We surveyed 125 Kiso horses (86.2% of the whole breed), analyzed
the construction of the population, and calculated the coefficient of inbreeding and
effective population size. Moreover, we confirmed coat color variations and the
traditional traits of the Kiso horse, and measured their height at the withers and chest
circumference to clarify their physical characteristics. The population pyramid of the
horses was stationary or contractive, suggesting a reduction of the population in the near
future. The effective population size of the horse (47.9) suggested that the diversity was
much less than their census size, and the high coefficient of inbreeding, 0.11 ± 0.07 on
average, suggested that the horses were surely inbred. The horses had only 4 coat colors;
bay, dark bay, buckskin dun, and chestnut, and 116 horses (92.8%) were bayish color,
suggesting the fixation in their coat color. Moreover, the majority of them had dorsal
stripe (83 horses; 66.4%), and the average heights at withers(131.9 ± 4.4 cm) and chest
circumference (167.1 ± 10.1 cm) were not significantly different between males and
females. 相似文献
3.
Coat colour inheritance in horses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The colours of the horses have long been a subject of interest to owners and breeders of horses as well as to scientists. Though, the colour of horses has little to do with its performance, it is a primary means of identification and also the first indicator of questionable parentage. Probably the ancestral colour of the horse was a black-based pattern that provided camouflage protection against predators. Horse colours are mostly controlled by genes at 12 different loci. The three basic colours of horses are black, bay and chestnut. The genetic control of the basic colours of horses resides at two genetic loci, namely Extension (E) and Agouti (A) loci. Among the basic colours bay is dominant to black and both are epistatic to chestnut. Dilution of basic colours of horses as a result of four colour dilution genes such as cream dilution, dun, silver dapple and champagne resulted in extensive array of possible colours of horses. The most widespread and familiar of the horse colour dilution gene is the one that produces the golden body colour and are called as palomino or buckskin based on the colour of the points. The grey coat colour is due to the presence of dominant gene (G) at the grey locus. Grey is epistatic to all coat colour genes except white and a grey horse must have at least one grey parent. Roan is due to a dominant gene (Rn) at roan locus and this combines with any base colour to produce the various shades of roan pattern. White coat is due to a single dominant gene (W) and it is epistatic to the genes controlling all other colours. White marking in the face and legs are due to genetic and non-genetic factors. Several genes are involved in producing white markings. During recent years, comparative genomics and whole genome scanning have been used to develop DNA tests for different variety of horse colours. Molecular genetic studies on coat colour in horses helped in identification of the genes and mutation responsible for coat colour variants. In future, this will be applied to breeding programmes to reduce the incidence of diseases and to increase the efficiency of race horse population. 相似文献
4.
María J. Snchez‐Guerrero Sara Negro‐Rama Sebastin Demyda‐Peyras Marina Sol‐Berga Pedro J. Azor‐Ortiz Mercedes Valera‐Crdoba 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):14-22
Gene mutations influencing melanocytes also impact on physiological and behavioural functions. In this study, we investigated their association with four different coat colours in the Pura Raza Español (PRE) horse using morphological traits and molecular datasets. Four different subpopulations were identified according to individual coat colour: grey, bay, chestnut and black. Coat colour significantly associated with morphological measurements. Observed and expected heterozygosity values were low in grey compared with the other three subpopulations, suggesting the presence of unique ancestral alleles probably arisen by genetic drift and selection mechanism effects. Nei's distance demonstrated a clear division among subpopulations, the grey being the most divergent group. Gene flow estimates were similar, showing the lowest values in grey. Divergence times among subpopulations assessed with the average square distance suggested that grey was the original PRE population which diverged from bay, chestnut and black. Our results also demonstrated a clear morphological differentiation according to coat colour. The close genetic structure of bay and chestnut PRE subpopulations and the clear differences in most morphological traits of grey and chestnut PRE mares would suggest the pleiotropic effect of genomic regions determining coat colour in horses. However, further analysis including genomic information would be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved. 相似文献
5.
Performance in racehorses of various colours 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A relationship between the coat colour and the horse's performance, which has been suggested since centuries, is possible from the genetic point of view. It may result from a linkage of genes affecting these characters and from pleiotropy of certain genes. The objective of the study has been to examine if there is a relationship between the basic and grey colours and the racing results. Indices (number of starts, log of earnings, log of earnings per start, general handicap) of 14,504 starts from 1103 Thoroughbreds and 796 Purebred Arabians were analyzed. In the analysis of variance, the phenotypes have been considered according to the brightness of the colour (grey/chestnut/light bay and bay/dark bay/seal brown/black), with regard to the alleles in G locus (grey/non-grey) and the alleles in MC1R locus (phaeomelanic/eumelanic). The results indicate that the examined coat colours are not considerably related to the racing performance. A tendency of such relationship may be due to the physiological properties connected with the brightness of the hair and the activity of alleles from MC1R (Extension) locus. No difference found between the results of grey and non-grey horses indicates that possible QTLs affecting the racing performance are not linked with the Grey locus. 相似文献
6.
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for coat color in horses. Besides defining coat color classes (gray, chestnut, bay, and black), the phenotypes were also measured quantitatively according to standardized international procedures (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*, a*, b*), where L* describes lightness, a* describes color saturation from red to green, and b* describes color saturation from yellow to blue. The total color saturation was derived from a* and b* and referred to as Chroma. A total of 294 horses from the breeds Lipizzan, Nonius, Arabian Pure Bred, Shagya Arabian, and Gidran were measured at neck, shoulder, and belly. Heritabilities (within and between breeds or color classes) and repeatabilities were estimated using REML from univariate animal models defined separately for gray and nongray horses. For gray horses, the estimated within-breed heritabilities for L* ranged from 0.45 to 0.49 and for a*, b*, and Chroma from 0.09 to 0.52, indicating moderate polygenic effect. For nongray horses, between-color class heritabilities were high (0.70 to 0.85) and within-color class heritabilities were negligible (except for L* measured on neck and belly, 0.21 and 0.34, respectively). Additionally, the importance of L* was described by the relation with the total melanin content of horse coat hair; for gray and nongray horses, a strong negative linear relationship was detected (P < 0.01). The spectrometric measures and the results of this study demonstrate a possible approach to the estimation of the polygenic component involved in coat color inheritance. 相似文献
7.
MC1R基因与朝鲜鹌鹑羽色关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑素皮质素受体1(MC1R)又称促黑素细胞激素受体(MSH-R),由毛色扩展位点编码而成,对动物体色的形成起重要作用,本研究分析了MC1R基因突变与朝鲜鹌鹑羽色之间的关系。通过混合样品DNA测序方法寻找MC1R基因的突变位点,采用PCR-SSCP的方法对突变位点在4种羽色鹌鹑(栗羽、黄羽、白羽、黑羽)群体中的分布情况进行了研究,以揭示MC1R基因与鹌鹑羽色性状之间的关系。结果表明,在鹌鹑MC1R基因上存在一个A/G突变位点,导致编码蛋白发生Ile58Val突变,通过PCR-SSCP分析发现,该突变位点在4种羽色鹌鹑群体间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究没有发现与日本鹌鹑报道相同的Glu92Lys突变位点,表明朝鲜鹌鹑的黑羽突变与报道的日本鹌鹑黑羽突变的机制不同,而且朝鲜鹌鹑的黑羽突变可能还与其它基因突变有关。 相似文献
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9.
通过对川南常羽乌骨鸡三种羽色系的纯繁、杂交以及与三个浅肤品种的杂交,初步揭示了川南常羽乌骨鸡肤色的遗传现象。结果表明,所用乌骨鸡的肤色主要受遗传控制,存在杂合类型,黑羽系和麻羽系的肤色遗传较为稳定。乌肤性状终生不变,且与趾色、肉骨及内膜色高度相关。乌肤公鸡与不同浅肤母鸡的杂交后代可表现出较高的不同的乌肤比例,表明适当引入浅肤血缘尚可保持乌骨鸡的乌色性状。 相似文献
10.
LeRoy BE Knight MC Eggleston R Torres-Velez F Harmon BG 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(1):69-71
A 14-year-old bay Thoroughbred gelding was presented for evaluation of a mass at the base of the tail. The mass had been present for 1 year, and recently had begun to increase in size. Additional masses were found around the eye and shoulder. A fine-needle aspirate of the tail-base mass revealed highly anaplastic round to polyhedral cells containing dark green to black cytoplasmic granules interpreted to be melanin. Histologically, the mass was composed of pleomorphic, poorly pigmented, round to polyhedral cells interpreted to be neoplastic melanocytes. With immunohistochemistry, the cells were positive for vimentin and S-100, but negative for pancytokeratin and Melan-A. The cytologic and histopathologic diagnoses were amelanotic melanoma. The horse was treated with cimetidine, but the tumor continued to progress. In this report, we describe the cytopathologic features of an aggressive amelanotic melanoma in a non-grey horse and emphasize the unique correlation between cytologic and histologic findings. 相似文献
11.
B. A. Valentine M. B. Calderwood Mays H. S. Cheramie 《Equine Veterinary Education》2014,26(3):156-158
Information regarding signalment, clinical findings, treatment and outcome of 5 previously reported cases of anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses and of 5 additional cases are summarised. Age was recorded for 9 horses and mean age was 16 years, range 8–23 years. Gender was recorded for 8 horses and 6 of these 8 horses were male horses over 14 years of age. The most common coat colour was bay (6 horses). Other coat colours were palomino (one horse), chestnut (one horse) and black (one horse); coat colour of one non‐grey horse was not specified. Follow‐up information was available for 9 horses and only one horse, a palomino, survived more than 10 months following diagnosis and tail amputation. Surgical excision, including tail amputation and medical therapy with oral cimetidine, was not effective in non‐grey, non‐palomino horses. Tumour recurred on tail tissue remaining after amputation in 2 horses, widespread metastases were documented in 4 cases and metastasis was suspected at the time of death or euthanasia in 3 cases, including one case with amputation site regrowth. No subjective histopathological differences were detected in the palomino horse that survived as compared to horses of other coat colours. Findings suggest that anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses is most often a very aggressive neoplasm, but that there are rare exceptions. 相似文献
12.
Julian AF 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1994,42(2):75-76
Abstract The American paint horse or pinto (Spanish for painted) has two different types within the breed: the overo, which has white patches on a dark coat and the tobiano, which has black patches on a white coat. Within the overo type the amount of white may be quite small or a horse may be almost entirely white, but the basic pattern is that the ventral abdomen is spotted white whilst dorsal aspects are dark. The overo is considered to be recessive. 相似文献
13.
运用测色仪对227个月季种质资源花色表型进行分类,并运用紫外分光光度计测定总类黄酮,探讨二者之间的相关性。结果表明:在a~*和b~*二维象限图上,7类色系主要集中分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ象限,在第Ⅲ象限(蓝色)没有分布,花瓣正面颜色分布较为集中、部分橙红色和深红色品种的反面花色分布较为离散;7个色系的明度均为L~(*B)L~(*F),绝大多数色系的颜色参数a~(*F)/b~(*F)/C~(*F)a~(*B)/b~(*B)/C~(*B),并且玫红色、紫红色、橙红色和深红色的正反面花色a~*、b~*、C~*差异显著;各个色系TA之间差异显著(P0.05),深红色TA含量最高。而TF含量,除了深红色和紫红色差异显著外,其他色系之间差异不显著(P0.05);TA与L~*呈负相关关系(P0.01),与花瓣L~(*B)相关性更大;TA与h°负相关(P0.01)。TA与a~*/C~*呈正相关关系(P0.01),与正面颜色参数值相关性更强,而TF与L~*/h°也呈负相关关系(P0.05)。说明TA和TF共同影响花色的呈现,并且花青苷含量的高低是影响花色深浅的主要因素。 相似文献
14.
Stefan Rieder 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2009,126(6):415-424
Colour phenotypes may have played a major role during early domestication events and initial selection among domestic animal species. As coat colours mostly follow a relatively simple mode of Mendelian inheritance, they have been among the first traits to be systematically analysed at the molecular level. As a result of the number of genetic tools developed during the past decade, horse coat colour tests have been designed and are now commercially available for some of the basic phenotypes. These tests enable breeders to verify segregation within particular pedigrees, to select specific colour phenotypes according to market demand or studbook policies and to avoid complex inherited diseases associated with some of the colour patterns. This paper reviews the relevance of the topic, describes all currently available tests for coat colours in horses and addresses also ongoing research in this field. 相似文献
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Background
A retrospective study was made to demonstrate normal variations of the color and size of the tapetal area and color of the nontapetal area in the ocular fundus in dogs, correlating them to breed, age and coat color.Methods
The study was based on protocols of five hundred and thirty-nine adult dogs describing eye examinations made during the years 1997-2001. The dogs were examined using an indirect ophthalmoscope in order to find heritable eye diseases. The following characteristics were recorded: breed; age; coat color; color and size of the tapetal area and color of the nontapetal area. Normal color variations in the fundus were studied and categorized with regard to breed, age and coat color. Chi-square analysis was used comparing distributions between factors. Differences between mean values were analysed with Student''s t-test or one-way-ANOVA. A logistic regression analysis was performed on the color of the tapetal area with the color of the coat and breed.Results
Twenty breeds were represented. The mean age was 42.8 months. The most common colors of the tapetal area were yellow-green and orange, and the most common colors of the nontapetal area were dark brown and black. The analysis revealed that coat-color and breed concomitantly did not significantly influence tapetal color. Brown coated dogs often had a striped red and brown nontapetal area. The color of the tapetal area influenced the color of the nontapetal area. Smaller-sized breeds (such as Papillon) had a smaller tapetal area. A tapetal area was completely absent in 1.9%. The age did not influence the color of the tapetal area.Conclusions
Color of the tapetal area was influenced by both coat color and breed, but neither of these was statistically more influential than the other. The color of the tapetal area influenced the color of the nontapetal area. The size of the tapetal area correlated to breed and to body size. 相似文献17.
通过混合样品DNA测序方法寻找黑素皮质素受体l（MC1R）基因的突变位点,采用Alu1-RFLP对突变位点在4种羽色（栗羽、黄羽、白羽、黑羽）鹌鹑群体中的基因分布进行了研究;利用qRT-PCR技术测定了MC1R基因在12日龄时4种羽色鹌鹑胚胎皮肤组织中的表达情况。结果表明,在鹌鹑MC1R基因上发现1个T/C突变位点,该位点没有导致编码蛋白氨基酸序列改变,A1u1-RFLP分析发现,该突变位点的不同基因型在4种羽色鹌鹑群体间的分布有显著差异（P〈0.05）。4种羽色鹌鹑皮肤组织中MC1R基因的表达量存在明显差异,栗羽鹌鹑皮肤组织中该基因的表达量明显高于黑羽鹌鹑皮肤中的表达量（栗羽〉黄羽〉白羽〉黑羽）。本试验没有发现导致日本鹌鹑黑羽突变的Glu92Lys突变位点,表明朝鲜鹌鹑的黑羽突变与报道的日本鹌鹑黑羽突变的机制不同,朝鲜鹌鹑的黑羽可能与其他基因的突变有关。 相似文献
18.
随着全基因扫描、QTL定位及比较基因组技术的进步,鸡羽色基因定位的研究取得了一定的进展。目前,7个羽色遗传座位已经完成基因定位,包括黑素皮质素受体1(melanocortin 1 receptors,MC1R)、细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制剂2A(cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A,CDKN2A)、水溶载体45家族第2成员(solute carrier family 45 member 2,SLC45A2)、PMEL17、酪氨酸酶基因、SOX10及melanophilin基因。尽管一些羽色基因仍有待进一步研究,如哥伦比亚羽座位、隐性黑羽座位及铅笔线样式座位,但分子生物学技术在羽色基因定位及遗传分析中可显示出强大的威力。相继发现的羽色基因型揭示羽色遗传是一个复杂过程,既涉及到单个基因功能的获得与缺失,也涉及到多个基因互相作用。羽毛颜色是一种重要的经济性状,作者就羽色形成机理及相关基因定位作一综述。 相似文献
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Sato I Kofujita H Suzuki T Kobayashi H Tsuda S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(5):487-489
The antiinflammatory effects of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) seeds were examined in vivo and in vitro. The extract of this seed (HCSE) inhibited croton oil-induced swelling of the mouse concha. HCSE inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2 activities, but had no effect on 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 activities. Inhibition of COX-2 occurred at a lower concentration of HCSE than for COX-1. Japanese horse chestnut seeds contain coumarins and saponins, but these chemicals did not inhibit COX activities. These results suggest that the antiinflammatory effect of Japanese horse chestnut seeds is caused, at least partly, by the inhibition of COX. The inhibitor of COX in this seed may be a chemical(s) other than coumarins and saponins. 相似文献