共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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稳态转化理论被广泛应用于各种系统的变化,也常常用于描述水生和陆生生态系统状态发生本质、渐进和持续的转变过程。对淡水湖泊生态系统而言,研究其变化过程及驱动因子将有助于理解当前水环境问题的本质特征,为水环境整治与生态修复提供理论支撑。为了确定典型高原湖泊洱海所处的稳态阶段及其转换取向,在野外调查研究及文献资料数据分析的基础上,尝试用模糊评价法分析洱海所处的稳态转换阶段。评价结果表明,洱海1985-2001年处于清水稳态,2002年系统发生跃迁,2003年退化到藻草共存、草藻共存的过渡态。从2009-2010年 相似文献
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基于模糊评价法的洱海稳态阶段分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稳态转化理论被广泛应用于各种系统的变化,也常常用于描述水生和陆生生态系统状态发生本质、渐进和持续的转变过程。对淡水湖泊生态系统而言,研究其变化过程及驱动因子将有助于理解当前水环境问题的本质特征,为水环境整治与生态修复提供理论支撑。为了确定典型高原湖泊洱海所处的稳态阶段及其转换取向,在野外调查研究及文献资料数据分析的基础上,尝试用模糊评价法分析洱海所处的稳态转换阶段。评价结果表明,洱海1985-2001年处于清水稳态,2002年系统发生跃迁,2003年退化到藻草共存、草藻共存的过渡态。从2009-2010年洱海各阶段的隶属度来看,系统仍有可能转化为藻型浊水稳态,警示对洱海的保护和治理工作不可松懈。在缺乏水生物数据的条件下,模糊评价法可用于稳态转换评价。 相似文献
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近日,中科院水生生物研究所(以下简称水生所)、华中农业大学等机构研究人员合作的关于全球气候变暖与底栖鱼类共同作用导致水生植物衰退的研究论文发表于《应用生态学杂志》。该研究不仅验证了相关生态学理论,对于湖泊的修复与管理也具有重要指导意义。气候变化和富营养化等多重胁迫是湖泊水生植物衰退的重要驱动因子。水生植物衰退会导致湖泊由清水态向浊水态转变,进而削减生态系统功能和服务。 相似文献
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掌握河流源区生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征和主要驱动因子，对制定流域可持续发展政策具有重要意义。基于修订的生态系统服务价值当量因子表，选取2007年和2017年两期Landsat遥感影像解译的土地利用数据，探究东江源区生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征，运用地理探测器分析东江源区生态系统服务价值变化的驱动因子。结果表明:(1)2007-2017年间东江源区生态系统服务总价值变化空间分异的形成受多个因子综合作用，其中乡(镇)面积与距水系平均距离、乡(镇)面积与距居民点平均距离的因子交互贡献最大。(2)在中国南方山地丘陵区常见的土地利用类型转换模式中，农田向果园的转化会导致生态系统服务价值的增加，而林地向果园的转化则会导致生态系统服务价值的减少。(3)河流源区生态系统服务价值的时空变化受到自然因子、人为因子及二者之间的交互作用共同驱动。研究结果可为东江源区生态保护政策的制定提供科学依据和理论支撑，也可为其他河流源区开展类似研究提供经验和借鉴。 相似文献
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细菌是地球上最古老的生物类群之一,数量和种类数量也最为庞大.水下的各种基质上常附着有各种微生物组成的微生物群聚,其中包含了相当数量且并不完全为人所知的细菌群落,这些附着细菌是水生生态系统中最为活跃的组成成分,对水生生态系统的其他组成部分存在不可忽视的重要影响,如造成沉水植物死亡,驱动富营养化湖泊从草型湖泊向藻型湖泊转换... 相似文献
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正生态阈值是指当生态因子扰动接近生态阈值时,生态系统的结构功能或过程会发生不同状态间的跃变,是生态系统在几个稳态之间突然改变的点或区域。生态阈值主要分为生态阈值点和生态阈值区域两种类型。其中,生态阈值点是指生 相似文献
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在全球环境变化和人类活动等外界干扰的影响下,我国湖泊生态系统普遍面临着水体富营养化、水质污染、湖泊萎缩及湖水咸化等环境问题。针对我国湖泊生态系统的现状,综述了气候变暖、太阳紫外线辐射增强和酸雨等环境变化以及入湖污染、围湖垦殖、水利工程、过度捕捞和外来种引入等人类活动对湖泊生态系统的影响。湖泊生态系统的恶化是各种影响因子综合作用的结果,这些都是人类活动直接或间接引起的。为保护和修复我国逐渐衰退的湖泊生态系统,提出建立有序的人类活动、控制入湖污染、恢复湖泊自然生态、重视外来种引入和加强科学研究等对策。 相似文献
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主要介绍了从动力学研究桑沟湾养殖容量的主要思路、方法及结果。研究以精细过程观测为基础,以数值模型为手段,从物理海洋学角度考察养殖海区水动力特征,研究水动力对物质循环的影响、对颗粒态/溶解态营养物质的补充和对养殖生物量的影响,探寻不同养殖模式效果的技术路线;介绍了两个航次设计方案与目的。通过观测发现养殖对水动力垂直结构有很大影响,底层流速最大并滞后表层,发现弱动力条件下海底颗粒物和营养盐无法进入水体上层的事实。据此提出双边界层动力模型,建立一维数值模型进行机制探讨,将养殖阻力三维化建立水动力数值模型,定量给出养殖对水动力和水交换的阻碍;以此驱动三维养殖生态模型,充分考虑养殖对水动力的影响、水动力对生源要素的输运。建立了一个真正的物理-生物过程耦合模型。利用该模型进行的数值模拟和实验表明,贝藻兼养多元养殖是健康、高效养殖的有利措施;桑沟湾在现有养殖模式下,目前已基本达到了它的养殖容量,养殖品种分布不变,减少养殖密度至目前的0.9倍会略微提高产量,降低成本;减少湾口海带养殖密度,会大幅度提高贝藻兼养区的营养盐总量和养殖生物产量,从海带与贝类经济价值对比会有更高的效益。人为提高水动力混合或许是解决湾内营养盐缺乏的途径。 相似文献
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Characterizing regime shifts in the marine environment 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Kathryn Lees Sophie Pitois Catherine Scott Chris Frid & Steven Mackinson 《Fish and Fisheries》2006,7(2):104-127
Recent years have seen a plethora of studies reporting that ‘regime shifts’ have occurred in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during the last century. In many cases, the criteria used to distinguish a regime shift have not been explicitly stated. In other cases, a formal definition has been proposed and the data set assessed against it. Developing a universal quantitative definition for identifying and distinguishing between purported climatic and ecological regime shifts has proved problematic as many authors have developed criteria that seem unique to the system under study. Consequently, they throw little light on the drivers of ecological regime shifts. Criteria used to define regime shifts are reviewed and on the basis of evidence from purported regime shifts, common characteristics in the speed and amplitude of the changes and the duration of quasi‐stable states are used to propose a more clearly defined set of criteria for defining climatic and ecological regime shifts. Causal drivers of regime shifts are explored using correlation analysis. Limitations of these methods are discussed. 相似文献
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Range shifts are a key mechanism that species employ in response to climate change. Increasing global temperatures are driving species redistributions to cooler areas along three main spatial axes: increasing latitudes, altitudes and water depths. Climate‐mediated range shift theory focuses on temperature as the primary ecological driver, but global change alters other environmental factors as well, and these rarely work in isolation. Ecosystems are often characterized as mosaics of overlapping environmental stressors, resulting in temporal and spatial heterogeneity which differs between stable, low complexity mosaics (e.g. open ocean) and highly variable, highly complex mosaic environments (e.g. estuaries). We propose a multistressor mosaic of climate‐mediated species range shift across abiotic environmental gradients, typical for mobile species (e.g. fish) in variable coastal environments. We conceptualize how climate‐driven changes in salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH can drive redistribution of estuarine species in a future world. Non‐thermal drivers are a critical component of species range shifts and when not considered, underestimate the impact of global change on species populations and ecosystem services. 相似文献
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The distribution of northern European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) extends from the Bay of Biscay up to Norwegian waters. However, despite its wide geographical distribution, there have been few studies on fluctuations in the European hake populations. Marine ecosystem shifts have been investigated worldwide and their influence on trophic levels has been studied, from top predator fish populations down to planktonic prey species, but there is little information on the effect of atmosphere–ocean shifts on European hake. This work analyses hake recruitment success (recruits per adult biomass) in relation to environmental changes over the period 1978–2006 in order to determine whether the regime shift identified in several abiotic and biotic variables in the North Sea also affected the Northeast Atlantic shelf oceanography. Hake recruitment success as well as parameters such as the sea surface temperature, wind patterns and copepod abundance changed significantly at the end of the 1980s, demonstrating an ecological regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic. Despite the low reproductive biomass recorded during the last decades, hake recruitment success has been higher since the change in 1989/90. The higher productivity may have sustained the population despite the intense fishing pressure; copepod abundance, warmer water temperatures and moderate eastward transport were found to be beneficial. In conclusion, in 1988/89 the Northeast Atlantic environment shifted to a favourable regime for northern hake production. This study supports the hypothesis that the hydro‐climatic regime shift that affected the North Sea in the late 1980s may have influenced a wider region, such as the Northeast Atlantic. 相似文献
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Steven E. Beggs Massimiliano Cardinale Richard J. Gowen Valerio Bartolino 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(1):54-64
How climatic variability and anthropogenic pressures interact to influence recruitment is a key factor in achieving sustainable resource management. However, the combined effects of these pressures can make it difficult to detect non‐stationary interactions or shifts in the relationships with recruitment. Here we examine the links between climate and Irish Sea cod recruitment during a period of declining spawning stock biomass (SSB). Specifically, we test for a shift in the relationship between recruitment, SSB and climate by comparing an additive (generalized additive model, GAM) and non‐additive threshold model (TGAM). The relationship between recruitment success, SSB and the climatic driver, sea surface temperature, was best described by the TGAM, with a threshold identified between recruitment and SSB at approximately 7900 t. The analysis suggests a threshold shift in the relationship between recruitment and SSB in Irish Sea cod, with cod recruitment being more sensitive to climatic variability during the recent low SSB regime. 相似文献
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A framework for incorporating climate regime shifts into the management of marine resources 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Abstract It is possible to use an ecosystem-based management approach to incorporate knowledge of climate regime impacts on ecosystem productivity to manage fishery resources. To do so, it requires the development of a coherent framework that can be built using existing stock assessment and management activities: ecosystem assessment, risk analyses, adaptive management and reference points. This paper builds such a framework and uses two population simulations to illustrate the benefits and tradeoffs of variable regime-specific harvest rates. The framework does not require prediction of regime shifts, but assumes that detection can occur soon after one has happened. As such, decisions do not need to be coincident to regime shifts, but can be delayed by an appropriate period of time that is linked to a species' life history, i.e. age of maturity or recruitment. Fisheries scientists should provide harvest recommendations that reflect a range of levels of risk to the stock under different assumptions of productivity. Coupling ecosystem assessment with ecosystem-based management would allow managers to select appropriate regime-specific harvest rates. 相似文献
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Ecological effects of regime shifts in the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Large‐scale shifts occurred in climatic and oceanic conditions in 1925, 1947, 1977, 1989 and possibly 1998. These shifts affected the mix and abundance of suites of coexisting species during each period of relative environmental stability—from primary producers to apex predators. However, the 1989 regime shift was not a simple reversal of the 1977 shift. The regime shifts occurred abruptly and were neither random variations nor simple reversals to the previous conditions. Timing of these anomalous environmental events in the North Pacific Ocean appears to be linked to physical and biological responses in other oceanic regions of the world. Changes in the atmospheric pressure can alter wind patterns that affect oceanic circulation and physical properties such as salinity and depth of the thermocline. This, in turn, affects primary and secondary production. Data from the North Pacific indicate that regime shifts can have opposite effects on species living in different domains, or can affect similar species living within a single domain in opposite ways. Climatic forcing appears to indirectly affect fish and marine mammal populations through changes in the distribution and abundance of their predators and prey. Effects of regime shifts on marine ecosystems are also manifested faster at lower trophic levels. Natural variability in the productivity of fish stocks in association with regime shifts indicates that new approaches to managing fisheries should incorporate climatic as well as fisheries effects. 相似文献
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David Griffiths 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(2):257-267
The ecosystem size/trophic structure hypothesis predicts that the shape of body size distributions will change with ecosystem size because of increases in the relative importance of large, predatory, species. I test the hypothesis by examining the statistical moments, as measures of shape, of species body size distributions of North American freshwater fish assemblages in lakes. Species lists, coupled with dietary and body size information, are used to document the patterns. Body size distributions in small lakes are unimodal and right‐skewed, but distributions become more symmetrical and bimodal in large ecosystems. In small lakes, body sizes are generally small and fish trophic levels low, but size and trophic level increase up to lake volumes of about 0.001 km3, and change little in larger lakes. Adding trophic level to the analysis greatly improves the variance explained by the body size–lake size relation. The conclusions of Griffiths (2012, Global Ecology & Biogeography 21: 383‐392), that postglacial recolonisation and evolutionary change are important determinants of body size distributions at regional and larger scales, are combined with those of this study. Mean body size in local assemblages of lake‐dwelling species is larger than in regional and continental ones. Overall, body size distributions are affected by processes operating at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, with the type, size and duration of the ecosystem probably playing a central role by influencing the proportions of vagile and predatory species, the species which dominate the large size mode. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the main causes of population abundance fluctuations. Particularly, attention was paid to whether a density-dependant factor, such as a stock-recruitment relationship (S-R relationship) or a density-independent factor such as an environmental factor, is more important. Using data pertaining to the number of eggs of the Pacific stock mackerel and information about regime shifts and sea surface temperature, the shape of the S-R relationship was discussed and these shapes with the results of simulation trails were compared. Further other historical S-R relationship data were analyzed. The results are as follows: (i) a new mechanism that causes population fluctuations could be proposed, that is, (a) the recruitment is proportional to the spawning stock biomass (SSB) and the relation is expressed by several lines with the same slope, and (b) the shift between the lines occurs due to environmental conditions; and (ii) the density-dependent S-R relationship, which suggests that recruitment decreased due to high density in SSB, proposed by Ricker or Beverton and Holt, would not exist. 相似文献