共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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本文综述了近年来国内外对鸡葡萄球菌病的研究进展：①鸡葡萄球菌的分型方法、粘附素的性质和分类；②外伤和应激是鸡发病的直接原因，而免疫抑制或免疫缺陷是一个不容忽视的诱因，同时还与鸡的遗传特性有关；③葡萄球菌进入机体后细菌、炎性细胞和细胞因子的变化规律。 相似文献
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<正>鸡传染性贫血是我国近年来养禽生产中较为多发的一种免疫抑制性疾病,其致病原为鸡传染性贫血病毒(Chicken infections anemia virus),以鸡再生障碍性贫血和淋巴组织萎缩为主要病理特征。当鸡受到CIAV感染后,CIAV对T细胞的损害会影响细胞因子和辅助性T细胞的作用以及对体液免疫和局部黏膜免疫功能的降低,从而影响整个免疫调控系统的协调作用,引起机体的免疫抑制;在感染期间如继发其它细菌或病毒感染,会加速患病 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(11):2068-2075
将1日龄SPF鸡分别通过口服、点眼、腹腔注射、肌肉注射的方式感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(subgroup J avian leucosis virus,ALV-J),监测各感染组鸡的生长性能、带毒和排毒规律,并对其病毒血症、相关免疫学指标及抗体反应进行动态检测。结果显示:各感染组鸡的生长性能和免疫应答水平存在明显差异。从感染后第2周开始腹腔注射和肌肉注射组可检出泄殖腔排毒和病毒血症,此后持续带毒、排毒;体质量、免疫器官指数以及淋巴细胞转化率、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞数、细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ)的分泌量显著低于对照组;抗体转阳不明显。而口服、点眼感染组与对照组相比引起的免疫抑制程度并不显著。结果表明:1日龄雏鸡感染ALV-J容易造成免疫抑制,其中腹腔注射和肌肉注射感染造成鸡体带毒、排毒和免疫抑制的能力最强。本试验明确了鸡群ALV-J水平传播的不同途径与鸡的感染力、免疫抑制力之间的关系,为研究ALV-J的感染机制、种群净化以及防控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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细胞因子是免疫系统的重要调节因子 ,能够影响免疫应答的类型和水平。近年来 ,禽细胞因子研究取得很大进展 ,随着更多鸡细胞因子基因的发现及其生物学特性的研究 ,临床应用细胞因子成为可能。文章对 7种鸡细胞因子——干扰素 (I型和 II型 ) ,白细胞介素 (IL-2、IL-6、IL-1 5和 IL-1 8)和鸡髓细胞生长因子(c MGF)一些生物学特性作了综述 ,主要包括c DNA克隆的方法、c DNA及其编码蛋白的生物学特性、检测方法、主要生物学功能 ,并与相应的哺乳动物细胞因子比较 ,阐明鸡的细胞因子与哺乳动物的异同点。 相似文献
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Boyd NK Cohen ND Lim WS Martens RJ Chaffin MK Ball JM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,92(1-2):75-85
Foals are uniquely susceptible to a wide variety of opportunistic infections normally associated with immunodeficiencies. Little is understood about the immune system of foals during the neonatal period. An apparent age-related susceptibility predisposes neonatal foals to infectious diseases and hinders therapeutic and preventative interventions for these diseases. Cytokine expression is correlated with the type of immune response as well as the severity of a disease. In this study, we measured foal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-specific mRNA cytokine expression from 72 foals from three different farms during the first 4 weeks of life. Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were cloned and transcribed in vitro to generate antisense probes for ribonuclease protection assays. Using linear mixed-effect models, we determined that IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1, and IL-1alpha increased significantly (P<0.05) with age. 相似文献
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Caitlin Riggs Lakshmi Narayanan Charlee Mulligan Robert Wills Andrew Mackin Claire Fellman John Thomason Todd Archer 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(4):385-391
Cyclosporine is a powerful T‐cell inhibitor used in the treatment of immune‐mediated and inflammatory diseases in the dog. There is limited information on how to best monitor patients on cyclosporine therapy. Currently, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assays are available. Pharmacokinetic assays that measure the concentration of cyclosporine in the blood are used to assess if an appropriate drug concentration has been achieved; however, target blood drug concentrations have not been shown to reliably correlate with suppression of T‐cell function in the dog. In human transplant recipients, therapeutic drug monitoring has shifted to include pharmacodynamic‐based monitoring. Our laboratory has validated a RT‐qPCR assay to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of cyclosporine in the dog. In this study, activated T‐cell expression of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ was measured using RT‐qPCR daily for 7 consecutive days in 8 healthy Walker hounds receiving oral cyclosporine at a dosage of 10 mg/kg every 12 hr. Cytokine production was found to be markedly decreased within 24 hr after the initiation of cyclosporine and remained significantly decreased for the duration of the project. Based on these results, cyclosporine causes a rapid drop in T‐cell cytokine production that is sustained with continued dosing in healthy dogs. Although performed in healthy dogs, this study demonstrated a marked decrease in cytokine suppression within 24 hr of drug administration, suggesting that pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporine's effects on T cells could be considered within several days of commencing therapy in dogs suffering from life‐threatening immune‐mediated disorders. 相似文献
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细胞因子类佐剂在核酸疫苗中的作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
细胞因子在免疫应答的产生和调节中具有重要作用,可作为免疫佐剂增强疫苗的免疫效果。近年来,重组质粒表达的细胞因子在核酸疫苗研究领域引起了人们广泛的兴趣与关注。文章简述了三类细胞因子在核酸疫苗的研究与应用,探讨了目前应用这些细胞因子类佐剂所存在的问题。 相似文献
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《Domestic animal endocrinology》1998,15(5):397-407
Cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharides in neuroendocrine tissues are age- and tissue-dependent in neonatal pigs. Developmental differences in serum and tissue-specific responses are not necessarily equivalent. Lower levels of cytokine gene expression in neuroendocrine tissues of early neonates potentially could influence neuroendocrine and immune responses to infection. The limited information on neuroendocrine-immune responses and interactions in neonatal farm animals presents significant challenges, as well as opportunities for new discoveries and improvements of livestock production. 相似文献
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Andersson M Berg M Fossum C Jensen-Waern M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(3):161-168
A microarray for demonstration of a limited number of porcine cytokines was initiated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were synthesized for four house-keeping genes, cyclophilin, beta-actin, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and the following cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40, IL-18, interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inhibition factor (MIF) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Cytokine production was induced by incubation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with Concanavalin A (ConA) or oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 2216. RNA was isolated after 6 or 24 h from stimulated cells or unstimulated control cells and from intestinal biopsies. Cytokine expression was analysed using a 3-DNA Array 350(TM) labelling kit from Genisphere. Data were normalized using external control genes and analysed with the genepix pro 5.0 software. All the cytokines could be induced in PBMC and expressed on the array and the cytokines IL-6 and IFN-alpha were also analysed at protein level. All but one cytokine were expressed in samples from intestinal biopsies. Densitometric analyses of PCR products of the house-keeping genes were performed to validate the results from the microarray. Thus, this microarray will enable analyses of the cytokine profile during local and systemic infections in the pig. 相似文献
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Macrophages are the preferential cell types to study various aspects of mycobacterial infection. Commonly used infection models for in-vitro studies are primary macrophages such as human monocyte derived macrophages (hMDMs) and macrophage like cell lines (THP-1). It is not clear if commercially available THP-1 cells can be used as hMDMs alternative for in-vitro M.tb infection experiments. We conducted a detailed investigation of the hMDM and THP-1 response to mycobacterial infection on a comparative basis and assess the most crucial aspects of infection which are most commonly studied. We assessed mycobacterial uptake and intracellular growth over time of a pathogenic drug-resistant and drug-susceptible M.tb strains (R179 and H37Rv) through colony forming units (CFUs). Both strains depicted similar uptake and intracellular growth in hMDMs and THP-1 macrophages over time (R179, p = 0.954) (H37Rv, p = 0.922). Cytotoxicity assays revealed a consistent viability up to day 16 post-infection across the strains in both THP-1 and hMDMs (R179, p = 0.271) (H37Rv, p = 0.068). Interestingly, both cell lines showed similar mycobacterial uptake and cellular viability in both susceptible as well as resistant M.tb strains. Cytokine/chemokine mRNA analysis through qPCR found no difference between cell types. Further, cytokine secretion measured through Luminex revealed no difference across the strains. Also, cytokine secretion analysis showed no difference in both cell lines across strains. In conclusion, our study shows that THP-1 and hMDMs bacterial uptake, viability and host response to drug-susceptible and drug-resistant mycobacterial infections are similar. Therefore, present study demonstrate that THP-1 cells are suitable substitutes for hMDMs for in-vitro M.tb infection experiments. 相似文献
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Cytokine response against Salmonella Typhimurium is traditionally studied in conventional animals. Germ-free animals, however, enable to study response against infection without background effect of other microorganisms. Plasma and ileal inflammatory cytokines in germ-free piglets orally infected with virulent LT2 strain or, with a non-virulent SF1591 rough mutant were quantified by ELISA. In plasma and ileal washes, IFN-gamma levels significantly increased in both infected groups. TNF-alpha and IL-18 were mostly missing in plasma 24 h after infection. In the ileum, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta were induced mainly by the virulent strain, whereas IL-18 was induced in highest quantity by non-virulent Salmonella. These data confirmed an important role of IFN-gamma, as well as other inflammatory cytokines in early stage of salmonellosis. 相似文献
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Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) may prove useful immune modulators in equine medicine. It is however important to assess the effects of each specific ODN in the species it is intended to be used in. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate some ODN for induction of cytokine production; i.e. type I interferons (IFN), IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and proliferation of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A panel of four ODN containing unmethylated cytosine-guanosine sequences (CpG) was used: ODN 1 and ODN 8 representing A-class; ODN 2006 representing B-class and ODN 2395 representing C-class-ODN. In addition, two ODN where CpG-motifs were reversed to GpC were included; ODN 2137 otherwise identical to ODN 2006 and ODN 5328 otherwise identical to ODN 2395. Cytokine concentrations were measured in cell culture supernatants after 24h of induction and proliferation was determined after 72 h of induction. Each ODN was tested with PBMC from at least 5 individual horses with and without the addition of lipofectin to cell cultures. Type I IFN, IFN-γ and TNF-α production was readily induced by ODN 1, ODN 2006 and ODN 2395 both in the presence and absence of lipofectin and all three types of ODN induced similar levels of cytokines. Proliferation of PBMC was clearly induced by ODN 2006 and ODN 2395 while ODN 1 only induced low-level proliferation. The levels of proliferation induced were not influenced by the presence of lipofectin. TGF-β production was not induced by any of the tested ODN. ODN 8, ODN 2137 and ODN 5328 were largely inactive in all assays. Thus, responses seemed dependent on or increased by CpG-motifs but presence of CpG-motifs did not necessarily confer activity since ODN 8 was inactive despite its CpG-motifs. Taken together, with equine PBMC distinctions in induction of different leukocyte functions between A-, B-, and C-class ODN were less obvious than what has been observed for human cells. These observations further stress the presence of species differences in ODN-induced responses. 相似文献