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1.
Genetic Variability for Grain Yield and Protein Content in Barley and Its Modification by Net Blotch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Protein content, yield and 1000-grain weight of healthy and net blotch-diseased plants were studied in a diallel cross programme concerning nine different varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). F1 hybrids and their parents were grown in the field in two randomized block design experiments each with three replications (three inoculated and three non-inoculated plots). General and specific combining abilities were determined for yield, protein percentage, 1000 grain weight, protein yield, and non-protein yield. A high genetic variability for the traits studied was observed. Non-protein yield and 1000-grain weight decreased significantly in inoculated plants where protein yield was not affected. Significant general and specific combining abilities were observed for all traits. Values for general and specific combining abilities were, in some cases, significantly modified by net blotch of barley. This indicates that attention must be paid to the danger of drawing conclusions in quantitative genetics studies dealing with both diseased and healthy plants. 相似文献
2.
旨在为优异玉米自交系改良及其杂交种选育、玉米种质创新提供科学依据。本研究选用‘黄早四’、‘昌7-2’、‘西农672’等11个玉米自交系,采用NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计,人工配制成30个杂交组合作为试验材料。田间试验采用随机区组设计,性状田间调查和室内鉴定相结合,试验数据采用SPSS软件LNT进行分析。结果表明：（1）‘黄早四’自交系各性状一般配合力普遍较低,负向效应明显大于正向效应,只有株高、穗位高、叶面积系数表现为正向效应。（2）‘昌7-2’各性状一般配合力较‘黄早四’均有明显提高,株高、穗位高、叶面积系数、穗行数、行粒数、出籽率和产量均表现出正效应值;而穗长、结实长、百粒重表现出负向效应。（3）‘西农672’穗长、穗行数、结实长、行粒数和产量都有较高的正向效应,但百粒重、出籽率表现为负向效应,株高、穗位高、叶面积系数表现与‘昌7-2’和‘黄早四’相反,表现负效应值。由此可见,高基点自交系受体、供体组材、不断导入新的优异玉米基因,充分利用加性遗传方差、累加提高优异玉米种质的基因频率是新优玉米自交系选育的关键。 相似文献
3.
Presence of substantial heterosis and economic hybrid seed production are two most desirable components for success of any commercial hybrid breeding programme. Thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines of rice, in this regard, have tremendous potential in realizing further quantum jump in yield and economical hybrid seed cost. Analyses for combining ability and heterosis over optimum (120N : 60P2O5 : 40K2O kg/ha) and high (200N : 90P2O5 : 60K2O kg/ha) fertility environments for six traits were made in 2 years (2001 and 2002) using 120 hybrids of inter‐ and intra‐subspecific nature derived from hybridization of 30 elite indica TGMS lines and four cultivars, viz., ‘Pant Dhan 4’ and ‘Ajaya’ (I = indica), ‘Taichung 65’ (J = japonica) and ‘IR 65598‐112‐2’ (TJ = tropical japonica) in line × tester mating design. Predominance of non‐additive genetic variance suggested good prospects of hybrid breeding. Pooled analysis revealed highly significant variances for lines, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and line x tester. TGMS line 365‐8S was the best general combiner for all the six traits including grain yield. Trend of relative mid‐parent heterosis for grain yield, panicle length, grain number per panicle and earliness in flowering was I/TJ > I/J > I/I. For panicle number per plant and 1000‐grain weight, trends were I/TJ > I/I > I/J and I/I > I/TJ > I/J, respectively. Grain yield recorded heterosis of 49.3%, 71.9% and 92.7% for I/I, I/J and I/TJ hybrid groups respectively. Effect of environments on the hybrid performance indicated better response of hybrids at high fertilizer dose. Study suggests greater prospects of combining improved japonica and tropical japonica germplasms having wide compatible gene with indica TGMS lines for exploitation of intersubspecific heterosis. 相似文献
4.
The barley cultivar ‘Lenins’ was found to be a genotype showing high shoot regeneration ability in cultures derived from immature embryos. Five cultivars different from ‘Lenins’ in shoot regeneration ability were reciprocally crossed with ‘Lenins’ and the inheritance of tissue culture traits was investigated. F2 plants showed continuous distributions in callus growth and percentage of shoot regeneration, suggesting that these traits were controlled by polygenes. The F2 population, derived from a cross between ‘Lenins’ and ‘6721′, showed a monogenic segregation for the number of regenerated shoots, and the segregation ratio fitted 1:2:1. Tissue culture traits of ‘Lenins’ were controlled by several genes, whereas the number of regenerated shoots related to the efficiency of shoot regeneration is controlled by one major gene. 相似文献
5.
旨在分析热带糯质资源在高粱育种中的利用价值及对杂种优势的影响,以商丘市农林科学院自有种质作为研究对象,导入热带糯质资源,选育出稳定的不育系,并对所配组合的农艺性状进行方差及相关性分析。结果表明：‘M17A’所配组合的产量、穗粒重、单穗重等性状与其他组合比较均达到极显著水平,组合8的小区产量最高,为15.17 kg;穗部各性状与产量间的相关系数依次为穗粒重>单穗重>穗长>千粒重>轴长>着壳率>角质率,穗粒重与产量的相关系数为0.957,呈极显著正相关,说明在高粱高产育种中,应重点选择穗大、结实率高的种质;‘M17A’所配组合的淀粉含量与其他组合比较均达极显著水平,说明高粱淀粉含量受遗传基因控制。对于热带种质的利用应选择大穗型,角质率低的材料。 相似文献
6.
Summary Fourteen lines of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) were evaluated for general and specific combining ability through line × tester cross analysis using five diverse testers in two different environments. Seventy F1's and nineteen parental genotypes were raised in completely randomized block design with two replications with respect to yield and yield related traits. Considerable genetic variation was observed for all the traits studied. The additive as well as non-additive gene effects played significant role in the inheritance of yield and related traits with preponderance of non-additive gene effects for all the traits studied. Higher proportion of general combining ability × environment interaction variance as compared to specific combining ability × environment estimates was recorded. Additive genetic variances were more sensitive than non-additive genetic variances to the changing environment. Low estimates of heritability (narrow sense) for primary branches per plant, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant, harvest index and oil content and medium heritability for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height and 1000-seed weight was observed. Among the female parents LCK-9816, Parvati, Himalini, KL-168 were good general combiners for yield and related traits along with oil content, whereas among male parents, Surbhi and KL-224 were good general combiners for yield related traits and oil content but KL-221 was good general combiner for seed yield and related traits. 相似文献
7.
Mandalapu Pallavi Pulluru Sanjana Reddy Chamarthy Venkata Ratnavathi Kancharla Venkata Radha Krishna 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(3):345-356
Pearl millet occupies an important place in attaining nutritional security in marginal areas; however, as it develops off-flavours, it is less preferred by food industry. The objective of the current study was to determine the variations in rancidity-related traits and estimate the combining ability of inbreds and hybrids for these traits under varied environmental conditions. In this study, 32 hybrids were developed from eight lines and four testers using line × tester mating design and evaluated along with parents and checks 86M86 and HHB 67 for yield and rancidity-associated traits in three environments. The hybrids L7T2 and L6T1 are identified as promising hybrids for grain yield and rancidity. Higher variance due to specific combining ability and predictability ratio for grain yield and rancidity-associated characters indicate the predominance of non-additive gene action. The tester T1 recorded a significant negative GCA effect with low alcoholic acidity. A significant and positive SCA for grain yield was observed in L3T1 and L7T2, whereas for rancidity in L5T4. Alcoholic acidity showed a significant positive association with 1000 seed weight, lipase and lipoxygenase in parents and negative association with 1000 seed weight in hybrids. 相似文献
8.
The abundant lectin phytohemagglutinin (10 % of total seed protein) does not contain sulfur amino acids and, being a potent antimetabolite, it is responsible for the lowering of the nutritional value of bean seeds. The aim of the present work was to improve the dry bean cultivar ‘Taylor's Horticultural’ (Asgrow), by genetically introducing the lectin null (lec/lec) character from two null genotypes: ‘Pinto UI 111’ and ‘Heidi’. Thirty-seven BC2F3 and fourteen BC6F5 inbred lines were evaluated in agronomical trials. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences among BC2F3 breedings lines for all traits under evaluation. Comparison of the LedLee genotypes versus lec/lec did not show statistically significant differences in the means for the following traits: yield, yield components and percentage of protein in the seed. Fourteen BC6F5 lines, compared together with their recurrent parent ‘Taylor's Horticultural’, showed significant differences among genotypes for 1000 seed weight, protein percentage on dry matter and ash percentage. No significant differences were observed for grain yield. The data indicate that lectin removal did not have a detrimental effect on the traits evaluated. 相似文献
9.
为了评价‘沃30’与‘沃日黄’优株重组选系对配合力的改良效果及重组后代的育种潜势,探索地方品种优异基因发掘与利用新方法。以5个西南区骨干系及5个外引系为测验种,以‘沃30’及8个重组系为被测系（分别为‘W1’、‘W2’、‘W3’、‘W4’、‘W5’、‘W6’、‘W7’和‘W8’）,采用NCⅡ设计,对‘沃30’与8个重组系进行配合力及杂种优势分析。结果表明：被测系间株高、穗位高、穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、秃尖长、出籽率与单株产量等主要性状GCA差异显著或极显著;单株产量GCA效应值为‘W1’>‘W2’>‘W8’>‘沃30’>‘W4’>‘W5’>‘W3’>‘W6’>‘W7’;重组系‘W1’、‘W2’及‘W8’综合性状GCA效应值显著高于‘沃30’,具有较好的育种潜势。‘沃30’与‘沃日黄’优株混粉重组可以重新渗入并聚集初次选系过程中丢失的优良基因,获得更高配合力的重组系,利于优异地方种质的发掘与利用。 相似文献
10.
Jiangshuo Su Fei Zhang Xincheng Yang Yixuan Feng Xiaodong Yang Yangyang Wu Zhiyong Guan Weimin Fang Fadi Chen 《Euphytica》2017,213(2):42
Waterlogging tolerance (WT) is a major objective in chrysanthemum breeding programs, and although certain genotypes with different tolerance levels have been identified, their value as parents for WT breeding is unknown. Here, twelve F1 crosses derived from an incomplete diallel mating scheme were conducted to investigate combining ability and heterosis for WT and their relationships with parental genetic distance. The results showed that the membership function value of waterlogging (MFVW) was controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, whereas other growth and biomass traits were mainly controlled by non-additive gene effects. The estimated broad and narrow sense heritabilities of the MFVW were 97.5 and 51.5%, respectively. Combining ability analyses indicated that ‘Nannong Xuefeng’ showing the largest general combining ability (GCA) effect for the MFVW was the best combiner, and identified several best cross combinations with high positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for most WT-related traits. Mid- and high-parent heterosis occurred widely. The three distance measures, based on phenotypic traits (PD), molecular markers (GD) and markers linked with quantitative trait loci (QTL-GD), presented a non-significant correlation with combining ability except for the GD with GCA for the relative root fresh weight. The correlations between the QTL-GD and heterosis were significant for certain traits and generally higher than that of the PD or GD and heterosis. The SCA effects were positively correlated with heterosis for most of the WT traits (0.51 ≤ r ≤ 0.80). The findings benefit understanding the inheritance mode and then achieving desirable improvement for WT in chrysanthemum. 相似文献
11.
Combining ability and testcross performance of drought‐tolerant maize inbred lines under stress and non‐stress environments in Kenya 
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下载免费PDF全文 Berhanu T. Ertiro Yoseph Beyene Biswanath Das Stephen Mugo Michael Olsen Sylvester Oikeh Collins Juma Maryke Labuschagne Boddupalli M. Prasanna 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):197-205
Drought and poor soil fertility are among the major abiotic stresses affecting maize productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa. Maize breeding efforts at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) have focused on incorporating drought stress tolerance and nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) into tropical maize germplasm. The objectives of this study were to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of selected maize inbred lines under drought stress (DS), low‐nitrogen (LN) and optimum moisture and nitrogen (optimum) conditions, and to assess the yield potential and stability of experimental hybrids under these management conditions. Forty‐nine experimental three‐way cross hybrids, generated from a 7 × 7 line by tester crosses, and six commercial checks were evaluated across 11 optimum, DS and LN sites in Kenya in 2014 using an alpha lattice design with two replicates per entry at each site. DS reduced both grain yield (GY) and plant height (PH), while anthesis–silking interval (ASI) increased under both DS and LN. Hybrids ‘L4/T2’ and ‘L4/T1’ were found to be superior and stable, while inbreds ‘L4’ and ‘L6’ were good combiners for GY and other secondary traits across sites. Additive variance played a greater role for most traits under the three management conditions, suggesting that further progress in the improvement of these traits should be possible. GY under optimum conditions was positively correlated with GY under both DS and LN conditions, but GY under DS and LN was not correlated. Our results suggest the feasibility for simultaneous improvement in grain yield performance of genotypes under optimum, DS and LN conditions. 相似文献
12.
高粱新选不育系主要农艺经济性状的配合力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了科学、准确地评价高粱新选不育系,为选育高产优质新品种提供亲本材料,选用3个高粱新选不育系、7个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交法组配21个杂交组合,对株高、穗长、千粒重等6个性状,采用DPS数据处理系统进行配合力及遗传效应的分析。结果表明,3个不育系中10349A2在穗长、穗粒重、千粒重、小区产量的一般配合力最高,相对效应值分别为2.993、6.381、2.986和4.658,不育系10349A2在株高和生育期的一般配合力最高,相对效应值为0.932和3.420。10337A2×辽0145(父)和10349A2×0-30红粒变是2个表现优良的杂交组合。加性方差与基因型方差的比值依次是穗粒重>株高>产量>千粒重>生育期>穗长。 相似文献
13.
M. Heun 《Plant Breeding》1987,99(3):234-238
The estimation of combining abilities and heterosis for quantitative resistance against Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei of eight spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars is presented. Fur this purpose a half diallel cross and its parents were arranged in five Latin rectangles, each inoculated with a current mildew isolate. Significant general combining ability was found whereas specific combining ability was non-significant. A great pan of the general combining ability could be explained by variety effects. Significant variety heterosis was obtained too. Significant average heterosis was obtained but us effect was small. Among those selected for this study, ‘Grit’ and ‘Hora’ were the best parents for further crosses. 相似文献
14.
采取多亲本复交和定向选择的方法,本实验室育成了一个平均穗长达46cm、平均千粒重达70g的长穗大粒籼稻特异种质LPBG08。为研究该特异种质的遗传基础,我们以LPBG08与短穗小粒的三系杂交稻恢复系密阳46为亲本,构建了P1、F1、P2、F2和F2:3遗传群体,应用植物数量性状的主基因-多基因遗传模型,对主穗长、千粒重、谷粒长、谷粒宽和谷粒长宽比5个穗粒性状进行了多世代联合遗传分析。结果表明,5个性状均受一对主基因和多基因控制。其中主穗长、千粒重和谷粒长均呈一对加性主基因和加性-显性多基因遗传,谷粒宽和谷粒长宽比均呈一对加性-显性主基因和加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传。5个性状在F2代的主基因遗传率分别为9.15%、24.88%、34.47%、48.65%和34.47%,多基因遗传率分别为64.70%、72.65%、63.262%、47.30%和63.95%;在F2:3代的主基因遗传率分别为50.763%、27.51%、76.10%、69.23%和30.97%,多基因遗传率分别为44.01%、71.97%、23.69%、29.23%和82.517%。本研究结果为该特异种质在水稻育种的利用提供了有价值的信息。 相似文献
15.
为确定新育成印水型杂交粳稻亲本的潜力,并为印水型杂交粳稻育种提供理论基础,本研究以4个不育系和4 个恢复系为亲本进行不完全双列杂交,研究产量及其构成因素的配合力。结果表明：产量性状一般配合力(GCA)方差均达到极显著水平,除结实率外,父本的一般配合力方差大于母本,单株产量、有效穗和结实率的特殊配合力(SCA)方差达到显著或极显著水平。139A和晚轮422 的GCA效应较高,产量性状以Ⅱ类为主,139A×晚轮422 和辽粳10A×晚轮422 的单株产量水平及组合SCA效应较高。父本GCA效应和组合SCA效应对产量性状的影响较大,母本GCA效应对产量性状的影响相对较小。本研究中,父本的遗传差异大于母本,对产量性状的影响也大于母本,139A和晚轮422 有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
16.
Chunming Bai Chunyu Wang Ping Wang Zhenxing Zhu Ling Cong Dan Li Yifei Liu Wenjing Zheng Xiaochun Lu 《Euphytica》2017,213(12):285
Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops; it is used to produce feed, sugar, and biofuel. To investigate genetic tradeoffs between grain and stem sugar production, we evaluated plant height, Brix (the percentage of soluble solids in stalk juice), 100-grain weight and flowering time over 3 years in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 189 individuals derived from a cross between the sweet sorghum cultivar ‘Rio’ and grain sorghum ‘BTx623’. We constructed a genetic linkage map (total length, 1418.71 cM; average distance between markers, 11.26 cM), which consisted of 118 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 8 insertion-deletion (INDEL) markers. A total of 14 QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, and 9, which included 6 QTLs for plant height; 4 for Brix; and 2 QTLs for each 100-grain weight and flowering time. Eight QTLs were detected at least in 2 years. These results will be useful for future QTL fine mapping and gene mining for these traits, and useful for the improvement of sorghum through molecular marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
17.
为了明确抗稻瘟病杂交稻‘广优明118’的产量、抗性鉴定、稻米品质、农艺性状等生物学特性表现,以及产量结构特征。根据‘广优明118’参加福建省、安徽省区域试验和其他试验示范结果,分析其生物学特性,进行产量及产量构成因素间相关分析, 构成因素对产量的通径分析。表明,‘广优明118’高产、中抗稻瘟病,中抗稻曲病,感纹枯病,高感白叶枯病,适应性较广。产量结构分析表明,每公顷穗数对产量的贡献率为43.05%,每穗粒数为30.59%,千粒重为12.50%,结实率为10.57%。每公顷穗数和每穗粒数对每公顷总粒数的贡献率分别为34.10%和64.09%。每公顷总粒数对库容量的贡献率为86.47%,千粒重的贡献率为13.31%。库容量对稻谷产量的贡献率86.94%,结实率的贡献率为10.23%。‘广优明118’高产的关键应培育足穗大穗,增加单位面积的总粒数,扩大库容量,并注重提高结实率和千粒重。 相似文献
18.
为了研究玉米穗部性状的分离特征,采用玉米杂交种‘先玉335’的双亲‘PH6WC’、‘PH4CV’和‘郑单958’的双亲‘郑58’、‘昌7-2’杂交组配了四交F2分离群体,对11个穗部性状进行了表型鉴定,并对其进行了相关分析和通径分析。结果显示：穗部各性状变异系数较大,变异系数为7.68%~96.27%,尤其秃尖长变异系数达到了96.27%;穗粒重与穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、粒长、粒厚、轴粗、百粒重呈极显著或显著正相关;行粒数、百粒重、穗行数、穗长和粒厚对穗粒重的直接通径系数为较大正效应,而粒宽和秃尖长为较大负效应。本研究可为玉米穗部性状的改良提供参考。 相似文献
19.
Genotypic variation for tolerance to phosphorus deficiency in rice and the potential for its exploitation in rice improvement 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Deficiency in phosphorus (P) can severely limit rice yields. Developing cultivars with tolerance to P deficiency may represent a more sustainable solution than sole reliance on fertilizer application. To assess genotypic variation for tolerance to P deficiency the P uptake of 30 genotypes was measured on P‐deficient soil. Variation for P uptake was high, ranging from 0.6 to 12.9 mg P/plant. Traditional varieties were superior to modern varieties. A major quantitative trait locus for P uptake had previously been identified in a population developed by crossing the modern variety ‘Nipponbare’ with the P deficiency‐tolerant landrace ‘Kasalath’. This quantitative trait locus was transferred to ‘Nipponbare’ by three backcrosses. Under P deficiency this improved line surpassed ‘Nipponbare’ in P uptake by 170% and in grain yield by 250%. These results show that the genotypic variation for tolerance to P deficiency in rice can be used successfully in rice improvement. By combining high P uptake of the donor variety ‘Kasalath’ with a high harvest‐index characteristic of modern varieties it was possible to more than triple the grain yield of ‘Nipponbare’ under P deficiency. 相似文献
20.
甘蓝型油菜裂角相关性状的遗传与相关分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
抗裂角性是非常重要的油菜性状, 但相关研究报道较少。本研究对11个甘蓝型油菜骨干亲本品系及由其配制的30个不完全双列杂交组合在2个环境下的抗裂角指数及其他7个角果相关性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明, 抗裂角指数遗传变异显著, 遗传上受少数主效基因控制, 效应以加性为主, 显性效应和环境效应影响较小。大部分杂交组合的抗裂角指数杂种优势不显著。抗裂角指数与角果长、果皮重、千粒重和种子直径呈极显著正相关, 与结角密度和角粒数呈极显著负相关。抗裂角性相关性状中, 角果长、千粒重、结角密度和种子直径变异主要由加性方差解释;果皮重和每角粒数主要由显性方差解释。亲本评价分析指出, 作为波里马细胞质雄性不育系统保持系的ZS11B和恢复系的R11其抗裂角性的一般配合力高, 是培育抗裂角杂交油菜品种的首选直接亲本。 相似文献