共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
本文通过时双丰系列甜菜多倍体品种的种性介绍及其系谱分析，揭示了双丰系列多倍体品种的遗传构成和血缘来源，双丰多倍体品种共有１２个，参与亲本形成的血缘共有７个。利用天然多交逐级改良种性的逐级杂种优势利用育种技术构成了双丰系列多倍体的育种特色，建立平衡群体和改良平衡群体是双丰系列多倍体育种技术的理论依据。 相似文献
2.
甜菜是异花授粉作物,人类利用的主要是它的营养体——块根。近二十年来,杂种优势育种在甜菜上得到了广泛的应用和比较深入的研究,世界各国的甜菜育种工作者将杂种优势原理与不同染色体倍数间的差异性结合,成功地选育出了许多高产质优的甜菜多倍体品种,在生产上推广应用,取得了显著的增产效果。多倍体品种一般比普通二倍体品种块根产量提高15—20％。目前,欧洲各主产甜菜国家在生产中基本上都是应用多倍体品种(包括雄性不育多倍体、单粒多倍体)。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
中国农业科学院甜菜研究所培育的甜菜新品种甜研单粒一号(原TD8401),已于1993年2月经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会评审通过。该品种为我国第一个自育的甜菜多倍体单粒型杂交种,该品种育成填补了我国多倍体单粒型甜菜品种的空白。甜研单粒一号品种属标准偏丰产类型,为多倍体、单粒型杂交种。经1987～1989年区试鉴定及1990～1992年在黑龙江省依安、宝泉岭、肇东、宁安、讷河、明水、红兴隆、赵光等地进行生产示范,试验结果根产量比对照提高11.73％、含糖率提高0.08度,产糖量提 相似文献
6.
多倍体甜菜品种具有丰产、产糖量高、工艺品质好等特点,在高肥、足水的条件下,更能充分发挥其种性,在生产实践中具有较大的生产潜力。目前,我国甜菜生产上单产较低的情况下,推广多倍体甜菜新品种,可提供更多的原料来满足制糖工业生产发展的需要。二倍体甜菜经过人工诱变,使细胞内染色体加倍成为四倍体,再与相应的二倍体杂交成为三倍体,这种细胞染色体数目的改变,导致了内部生理结构和经济性状的改变,称之为多倍体甜菜。我所经过十年的努力,于1976年培育出第二批多倍体甜菜新品种:双丰305、双丰306、双丰307,1970年开始试配组合,经过六年田间试验、品种比较及 相似文献
7.
8.
中国农业科学院甜菜研究所与江苏省农垦总公司共同主持的甜研系列多倍体品种——甜研302、甜研303、甜研304鉴评会,于1993年5月24～27日在江苏省连云港市召开。出席会议的有黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙、陕西、甘肃、新疆、江苏、北京等8个省、市、区的科研、生产、行政、应用单位代表共52人,全国农作物品种审定委员会办公室主任郭恒敏到会指导,全国农作物品种审定委员会甜菜专业组、农业部甜菜专家顾问 相似文献
9.
甜菜多倍体新品种-包育302的选育 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
甜菜多倍体新品种—包育302系多倍体高糖型杂交种,由四倍体品系BS95429作母本,与自育二倍体品系BS79-1作父本杂交育成,该品种丰产性稳定,含糖高,抗病性强,对丛根病有较强耐病性。在2000～2001年的内蒙古自治区甜菜品种区域试验中,两年均达到高糖型品种标准,其块根产量、含糖率、产糖量两年平均比对照分别提高3.5%、1.00度和9.7%;在2001年的生产试验中,根产量、含糖率和产糖量分别比对照提高28.1%、1.28度和37.1%。 相似文献
10.
中国农业科学院甜菜研究所育成的甜研305、甜研306两个雄性不育多倍体品种,经国家“七五”攻关甜菜品种区域试验鉴定验收,并于1993年6月由轻工业部甜菜品种审定委员会审定,命名为推广良种。甜研305与甜研306在黑龙江(对照品种双丰8号)、吉林(对照品种范育1号)两省甜菜品种区域试验中,分别较当地对照种块根产量提 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献