共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Insertion sequence duplication in transpositional recombination 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Insertion sequences (IS) are discrete segments of DNA that can transpose from one genomic site to another and promote genetic rearrangements. A question that is central to understanding the mechanism of transpositional recombination is whether genetic rearrangements are accompanied by duplication of the IS that promotes them. Analysis of adjacent deletions mediated by IS903 provides the strongest evidence to date than any IS-mediated transpositional recombination can occur by an efficient replicative mechanism. 相似文献
2.
Programmed gene rearrangements altering gene expression 总被引：71，自引：0，他引：71
Programmed gene rearrangements are used in nature to to alter gene copy number (gene amplification and deletion), to create diversity by reassorting gene segments (as in the formation of mammalian immunoglobulin genes), or to control the expression of a set of genes that code for the same function (such as surface antigens). Two major mechanisms for expression control are DNA inversion and DNA transposition. In DNA inversion a DNA segment flips around and is rejoined by site-specific recombination, disconnecting or connecting a gene to sequences required for its expression. In DNA transposition a gene moves into an expression site where it displaces its predecessor by gene conversion. Gene rearrangements altering gene expression have mainly been found in some unicellular organisms. They allow a fraction of the organisms to preadapt to sudden changes in environment, that is, to alter properties such as surface antigens in the absence of an inducing stimulus. The antigenic variation that helps the causative agents of African trypanosomiasis, gonorrhea, and relapsing fever to elude host defense is controlled in this way. 相似文献
3.
Site-specific X-chromosome rearrangements from hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
When the germ line of Drosophila males is destabilized by a syndrome known as hybrid dysgenesis, X-chromosome rearrangements are found in up to 10 percent of the gametes produced. Some of these aberrations are simple inversions, but many are complex multibreak rearrangements. Furthermore, most of the breakpoints fall into a few highly localized positions on the chromosome. These positions are mostly at points of intercalary heterochromatin and may vary from one strain to the next. the results suggest that they may represent points of insertion of mobile DNA sequences. 相似文献
4.
DNA lesions that block replication are a primary cause of rearrangements, mutations, and lethality in all cells. After ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage in Escherichia coli, replication recovery requires RecA and several other recF pathway proteins. To characterize the mechanism by which lesion-blocked replication forks recover, we used two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis to show that replication-blocking DNA lesions induce a transient reversal of the replication fork in vivo. The reversed replication fork intermediate is stabilized by RecA and RecF and is degraded by the RecQ-RecJ helicase-nuclease when these proteins are absent. We propose that fork regression allows repair enzymes to gain access to the replication-blocking lesion, allowing processive replication to resume once the blocking lesion is removed. 相似文献
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通过电激法(electroporation)将同源重组探针pBC 7导入烟草原生质体,再从转化的烟草原生质体中提取DNA,并将其转化到E.coli DH 1细胞.结果在E.codi DH 1细胞中获得了一种新的质粒分子,该质粒含有功能的neo基因,与重组探针pBC 7相比有较大的缺失、倒位,并出现了新的限制酶切部位,重组探针pBC 7的主要特征为含有Tn5的neo基因两个截短的不等部份,只有通过重排才可能产生完整的neo基因,这表明了暂时转化的原生质体在外源DNA整合以前具有这样的基因重排功能。 相似文献
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P D Aplan D P Lombardi A M Ginsberg J Cossman V L Bertness I R Kirsch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4986):1426-1429
8.
Genome rearrangement and nitrogen fixation in Anabaena blocked by inactivation of xisA gene 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
Two genome rearrangements involving 11- and 55-kilobase DNA elements occur during the terminal differentiation of an Anabaena photosynthetic vegetative cell into a nitrogen-fixing heterocyst. The xisA gene, located on the nifD 11-kilobase DNA element, was inactivated by recombination between the chromosome and a copy of the xisA gene that was mutated by inserting an antibiotic gene cassette. Site-directed inactivation of the Anabaena xisA gene blocked rearrangement of the 11-kilobase element and nitrogen fixation, but did not affect rearrangement of the 55-kilobase element, heterocyst differentiation, or heterocyst pattern formation. 相似文献
9.
拷贝数变异(Copy number variation,CNV)是一种重要的基因组结构变异,主要指从几kb到数个Mb范围内DNA的多态,包括片段插入、缺失、重复等,它是研究基因组进化和表型差异的重要因素。CNV最早在人类基因组上发现,近几年,在鼠、猪、牛等动物基因组上的研究也取得了明显成效。文章阐述了生物遗传变异的2种方式CNV和单核苷酸多态性,对CNV的形成机制和检测方法进行了分析,重点介绍了畜禽基因组CNV的研究现状,并就CNV未来的研究重点和需要解决的问题进行了展望。 相似文献
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Levings CS Kim BD Pring DR Conde MF Mans RJ Laughnan JR Gabay-Laughnan SJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4460):1021-1023
Spontaneous reversion to fertility in S male-sterile cytoplasm of maize is correlated with the disappearance of the mitochondrial plasmid-like DNA's, S-1 and S-2, and changes in the mitochondrial chromosomal DNA. Hybridization data indicate that one of the plasmid-like DNA's, S-2, is prominently involved in the mitochondrial DNA rearrangements. 相似文献
11.
Chromosome-sized DNA molecules of Plasmodium falciparum 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
L H Van der Ploeg M Smits T Ponnudurai A Vermeulen J H Meuwissen G Langsley 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,229(4714):658-661
At least seven chromosome-sized DNA molecules (750 to 2000 kilobases in length and one fraction of undetermined molecular weight) from cultured clones and isolates of Plasmodium falciparum have been separated by pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis. Whereas asexual blood stages and sexual stages of the same line have identical molecular karyotypes, the length of chromosome-sized DNA molecules among different geographical isolates and several clones derived from a single patient is different. These length alterations of chromosomes are the result of DNA rearrangements that must occur unrelated to sexual differentiation. 相似文献
12.
Construction of large DNA segments in Escherichia coli 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Recombinant DNA clones containing large pieces of DNA are useful in the study of large genetic units, but these are difficult to make in most bacterial cloning vectors. A strategy is described that uses general and site-specific recombination to construct large pieces of eukaryotic DNA from smaller cloned segments. The large clones are propagated on F factor-based plasmids in Escherichia coli. They can be easily modified to introduce mutations or rearrangements. These techniques were applied to the construction of large DNA segments from the bithorax complex of Drosophila. 相似文献
13.
E Craddock 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(923):1380-1382
Seven major races, with diploid numbers ranging from 26 to 40, and three types of sex-chromosome mechanism were found in the Australian phasmatid Didymuria violescens (Leach). The differences between chromosome complements are mainly due to translocations between autosomes, and to translocations between autosomes and sex chromosomes. The geographic pattern of chromosome variation and the characteristics of hybrids implicate chromosomal rearrangements in mechanisms of speciation. 相似文献
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S Hata K Satyanarayana P Devlin H Band J McLean J L Strominger M B Brenner M S Krangel 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4858):1541-1544
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Germline organization of the murine T cell receptor beta-chain genes 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
H S Chou C A Nelson S A Godambe D D Chaplin D Y Loh 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4826):545-548
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Bender W Akam M Karch F Beachy PA Peifer M Spierer P Lewis EB Hogness DS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,221(4605):23-29
The bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster is a cluster of homeotic genes that specify developmental pathways for many of the body segments of the fly. The DNA of the bithorax complex has been isolated, and a region of 195,000 base pairs that covers the left half of the complex is described here. The lesions associated with many of the bithorax complex mutants have been identified, and most are due to DNA rearrangements. Most of the spontaneous mutants have insertions of a particular mobile element named "gypsy." This element affects the functions of sequences removed from the site of insertion. Mutant lesions for a given phenotypic class are distributed over large DNA distances of up to 73,000 base pairs. 相似文献
18.
Begum NA Kinoshita K Kakazu N Muramatsu M Nagaoka H Shinkura R Biniszkiewicz D Boyer LA Jaenisch R Honjo T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5687):1160-1163
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for the DNA cleavage step in immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). AID is proposed to deaminate cytosine to generate uracil (U) in either mRNA or DNA. In the second instance, DNA cleavage depends on uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) for removal of U. Using phosphorylated histone gamma-H2AX focus formation as a marker of DNA cleavage, we found that the UNG inhibitor Ugi did not inhibit DNA cleavage in immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus during CSR, even though Ugi blocked UNG binding to DNA and strongly inhibited CSR. Strikingly, UNG mutants that had lost the capability of removing U rescued CSR in UNG-/- B cells. These results indicate that UNG is involved in the repair step of CSR yet by an unknown mechanism. The dispensability of U removal in the DNA cleavage step of CSR requires a reconsideration of the model of DNA deamination by AID. 相似文献
19.
Genomic and genetic definition of a functional human centromere 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Schueler MG Higgins AW Rudd MK Gustashaw K Willard HF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,294(5540):109-115
The definition of centromeres of human chromosomes requires a complete genomic understanding of these regions. Toward this end, we report integration of physical mapping, genetic, and functional approaches, together with sequencing of selected regions, to define the centromere of the human X chromosome and to explore the evolution of sequences responsible for chromosome segregation. The transitional region between expressed sequences on the short arm of the X and the chromosome-specific alpha satellite array DXZ1 spans about 450 kilobases and is satellite-rich. At the junction between this satellite region and canonical DXZ1 repeats, diverged repeat units provide direct evidence of unequal crossover as the homogenizing force of these arrays. Results from deletion analysis of mitotically stable chromosome rearrangements and from a human artificial chromosome assay demonstrate that DXZ1 DNA is sufficient for centromere function. Evolutionary studies indicate that, while alpha satellite DNA present throughout the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome appears to be a descendant of an ancestral primate centromere, the current functional centromere based on DXZ1 sequences is the product of the much more recent concerted evolution of this satellite DNA. 相似文献
20.
植物线粒体结构基因组研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植物线粒体基因组具有复杂的结构特征:基因组200~2 400 kb不等,变化大、重组频繁,存在水平基因迁移现象等。基因组中既含有非常保守的功能基因,也存在高度变异的基因间区序列。大量研究表明,线粒体基因组是植物细胞质雄性不育因子的载体。综述了近年来植物线粒基因组结构特征、基因组成和热点研究的进展,为进一步深入研究植物细胞质雄性不育的分子机理,并为胞质雄性不育三系杂交种选育、作物杂种优势利用提供理论指导。 相似文献