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早期断奶仔猪，由于饮食、环境的改变以及自身消化系统、免疫系统的不完善，易引发断奶应激综合征，造成肠道屏障功能紊乱。有效修复因断奶应激引发的肠道屏障功能紊乱，提高仔猪肠道消化吸收及免疫机能对促进仔猪生长、防治腹泻具有重要意义。益生菌是一类安全、绿色、高效的新型饲料添加剂，具有抗菌、抑炎、免疫调节等作用。研究表明，益生菌能够维护断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能，缓解断奶应激。本文综述了益生菌对断奶仔猪肠道健康影响的研究进展，总结了其调控断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能的可能机制，以期为断奶仔猪肠道健康的营养调控提供理论依据。
[关键词] 益生菌|断奶仔猪|肠道屏障|作用机制 相似文献
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改善早期断奶仔猪肠道健康和功能的营养策略研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(5):39-47
商业化生产中仔猪早期断奶（3~4周龄）恰是肠道功能发育的关键时期,断奶应激带来的持续性肠道屏障功能损伤是断奶仔猪细菌性和病毒性肠炎及断奶后腹泻的主要诱因。饲料端“禁抗”背景下,运用营养策略改善早期断奶仔猪肠道功能的研究是研究者关注的焦点问题。从早期断奶对仔猪肠道屏障功能的影响及多种营养策略对断奶仔猪肠道功能改善的作用,综述了早期断奶致仔猪肠道屏障功能损伤的机理及氨基酸、抗菌肽、益生菌、膳食纤维、低聚糖、有机酸、微量营养素和脂质营养等营养策略改善仔猪肠道功能的作用机制,为通过营养策略改善断奶仔猪肠道功能相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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处于高速生长的仔猪和功能有待发育的肠道之间矛盾始终存在，而饲料端禁抗之后仔猪肠道疾病频发、免疫应激、屏障功能损伤等问题更加严峻。在回顾仔猪肠道研究模型、研究技术和相关干预因素之后，运用营养策略改善早期断奶仔猪肠道功能是研究者关注的焦点问题。文章总结了肠道上皮细胞的发育规律和肠道类器官的最新进展，通过生化分析及分子生物学、高通量组学及生物信息学关联分析等技术手段，以期为学者提供更高效的研究策略。仔猪肠道发育影响因素主要包括遗传、代谢和应激因素，研究者通过基因转录调控、营养水平和微生物菌群-上皮细胞-免疫细胞互作等机制，探索了包括饲粮氨基酸、内源小分子代谢物、微量元素、免疫抑制剂及植物提取物等添加剂的研究。 相似文献
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断奶应激引发仔猪肠道损伤及重建机制研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
肠道的发育与成熟状况是制约幼畜快速生长的关键因素。断奶是仔猪必须经历的一个应激过程,而断奶应激主要的靶点就是仔猪的肠道,特别是小肠的损伤尤为严重。因此,本文从仔猪肠道的形态和结构、肠道消化和代谢相关酶活性、肠道黏膜屏障、肠道功能基因和蛋白的表达及调控、断奶激活的肠道应激信号通路、应激蛋白家族在肠道中的差异表达等多个层面探讨断奶应激导致仔猪肠道损伤及重建的机制。为今后采用各种营养调控手段改善仔猪肠道健康、促进其快速生长提供理论基础和支持。 相似文献
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仔猪早期断奶对肠道免疫功能的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
肠道不仅是动物体内最大的消化吸收器官，同时也是体内最大的免疫器官。早期断奶造成断奶后仔猪食欲不振、消化不良、增重缓慢、腹泻等表现的早期断奶综合征。引发这一后果的主要原因是断奶应激对仔猪肠道屏障的破坏，进而造成仔猪肠道免疫功能受损。通过对早期断奶仔猪肠造的生理特性及肠道的免疫机制的综述，进而阐述了早期断奶对仔猪肠道免疫功能的影响。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2017,(8)
<正>仔猪从断奶到日常进食,其肠道功能还不完善。为了促进仔猪消化功能的完善,增强仔猪对饲料中营养元素的吸收,提高免疫能力,保证仔猪的健康生长,饲养人员应学习和掌握仔猪阶段的生理特点,掌握饲料的营养调控技术,通过饲料营养的精心调控,补足仔猪阶段生理特征的不足,有效地帮助仔猪提升肠道功能,对增强仔猪的免疫能力有积极作用。仔猪从断奶到进食,期间有30d左右(至25kg左右)是一个重要的时间段,是仔猪肠道适应阶段(欧洲认为断奶后肠 相似文献
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Influence of the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal immunity of piglets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Scharek L Altherr BJ Tölke C Schmidt MF 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,120(3-4):136-147
In a feeding trial, sows and piglets were fed with the probiotic bacterium Bacillus cereus var. toyoi as a feed additive, and the effects on immune cell populations were examined. The development of the gut immune system was determined for piglets at the ages of 14, 28, 35 and 56 days post partum. Tissue samples of the Jejunum and the continuous Peyer's patch were used for enumeration of intraepithelial lymphocyte populations by fluorescence activated flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Both independent methods of investigation led to similar results: the population of intraepithelial CD8+ T cells was significantly enhanced in the probiotic group piglets (p ≤ 0.05), and the numbers of γδ T cells tended to be higher in the intestinal epithelium (p < 0.1) at the time of weaning (day 28). Lamina propria lymphocytes were also influenced by the treatment. Application of B. cereus var. toyoi resulted in significantly more CD25+ lymphocytes and γδ T cells in the probiotic group post-weaning. The occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups was also less frequent in the feces of piglets from the probiotic group. The finding that the CD8+ T cell population in the intestinal mucosa showed changes on day 28 indicated that the influence of B. cereus var. toyoi supplementation on the intestinal immune system started before weaning, an observation supported by changes in the intestinal microflora observed during the suckling-period. The results suggest that feeding of B. cereus var. toyoi to sows may result in beneficial effects on piglet health status independent of their feed supplementation. 相似文献
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In modern pig production,early weaning is a bottleneck problem which are restricting the development of pig industry.It can lead to early weaning syndrome in piglet,such as low appetite,growth inhibition,diarrhea and so on.One of the reasons induced these symptoms is impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier in piglets.The intestinal microflorais is one of the important parts of intestinal mucosal barrier.Therefore,study on the intestinal microflora of weaning piglets and nutritional regulations have been attracted more and more attentions,and it has an important influence on avoiding diarrhea,promoting the healthy growth and improving growth performance.The change of intestinal microflora in weaning piglets and research development of some common feed additives（microecologics,plant polysaccharide,acidulant,microelement,Chinese herbal medicine and plant extracts）for intestinal microflora were reviewed in this paper. 相似文献
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早期断奶是现代养猪生产中的瓶颈问题。早期断奶易造成仔猪早期断奶综合征,仔猪断奶后会出现采食量下降、生长阻滞和腹泻等一系列症状。引起这些症状的主要原因之一是断奶应激引起的仔猪肠道屏障受损。鉴于肠道微生态区系为肠道第一道防御屏障,因此,研究仔猪肠道微生态区系及其营养调控技术,对于防制仔猪早期断奶综合征、促进仔猪肠道健康、提高生产性能具有重要意义。文章针对断奶仔猪肠道微生物菌群变化及几种常用饲料添加剂（微生态制剂、植物多糖、酸化剂、微量元素、中草药及植物提取物）对肠道微生态区系调控的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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饲料禁抗条件下仔猪肠道健康的营养干预手段 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
仔猪由于肠道发育不成熟,断奶应激导致仔猪肠道结构功能受损,增加仔猪的疾病易感性。维持肠道健康对仔猪生产非常重要,在目前饲料禁抗的背景下,营养干预是保障仔猪肠道健康的有效途径。文章主要综述功能氨基酸、抗菌肽、植物提取物、短链脂肪酸近年来在仔猪肠道健康研究中的进展,为仔猪生产中饲料抗生素的替代提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Pinelli-Saavedra A Calderón de la Barca AM Hernández J Valenzuela R Scaife JR 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(1):92-100
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of sows with alpha-tocopherol acetate (ATA) and vitamin C on deposition of alpha-tocopherol (AT) in piglet lymphoid organs, such as bone marrow, thymus, and spleen at birth and at weaning, as well as on indicators of immune response in piglets. Sows were given the following treatment diets: control, vitamin C 10 g/day, ATA 500 mg/kg feed, and combined vitamins (ATA 500+Vit-C 10). Supplementation with vitamins started at the beginning of pregnancy and lasted until weaning at 21+/-3 days of age. AT was determined in colostrum, milk, piglet plasma (cord blood) and tissues at birth and on day 21. Immunoglobulins were measured in piglet plasma, milk, and colostrum. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to PHA and ConA was determined in sow and piglet blood. ATA supplementation resulted in a significant increase (P<0.001) in the AT content of colostrum, milk, piglet plasma, liver, thymus, bone marrow, and spleen at weaning. The AT content of colostrum and milk significantly (P<0.001) influenced the AT content of piglet plasma and tissues at weaning (day 21). Total Ig and IgG concentrations in piglet plasma were significantly increased in piglets given the combined vitamin treatment. No effect of AT supplementation was observed on IgG and IgA in colostrum and milk. In sows, vitamin C given alone significantly increased lymphocyte response to ConA and PHA; whereas, in piglets, there was no significant effect of treatments on lymphocyte response to PHA and ConA. 相似文献
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Dietary supplementation with high levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) is an effective method to prevent diarrhea and promote growth in weaned piglets. However, the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects are not well understood. Recent advances in this field indicated that the effects of ZnO on piglet growth are achieved through multiple regulatory pathways rather than a single pathway. This review focuses on recent advances in the effects of high level ZnO on:1) Zn status in weaned piglets;2) intestinal microbe flora regulation;3)intestinal structure and function;4 )ion secretion in the intestine epithelium;5) intestinal immunology; and 6) secretion of brain-intestine peptides. ZnO appears to regulate the intestinal microflora and decreases the release of histamine to prevent diarrhea. ZnO also increases the expression of intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor to ameliorate intestinal injury associated with weaning, and mediates secretion of brain-gut peptides to stimulate food intake, to promote the growth of piglets. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms should inspire us to supplement the diet for weaned piglets with ZnO and investigate new approaches to prevent diarrhea and enhance growth. 相似文献
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Dietary supplementation with high levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) is an effective method to prevent diarrhea and promote growth in weaned piglets. However, the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects are not well understood. Recent advances in this field indicated that the effects of ZnO on piglet growth are achieved through multiple regulatory pathways rather than a single pathway. This review focuses on recent advances in the effects of high level ZnO on: 1) Zn status in weaned piglets; 2) intestinal microbe flora regulation; 3) intestinal structure and function; 4) ion secretion in the intestine epithelium; 5) intestinal immunology; and 6) secretion of brain-intestine peptides. ZnO appears to regulate the intestinal microflora and decreases the release of histamine to prevent diarrhea. ZnO also increases the expression of intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the IGF-1 receptor to ameliorate intestinal injury associated with weaning, and mediates secretion of brain-gut peptides to stimulate food intake, to promote the growth of piglets. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms should inspire us to supplement the diet for weaned piglets with ZnO and investigate new approaches to prevent diarrhea and enhance growth. 相似文献
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在集约化养殖中,3~4周龄早期断奶是仔猪生命周期中一个非常紧张的时期,此时仔猪胃肠道还未发育成熟。肠道屏障由上皮、免疫和肠神经系统组成,这些系统控制上皮屏障的完整性以及肠道功能,包括肠腔营养物质、水和电解质的运输。早期断奶导致肠道通透性增加,出现胃肠功能紊乱的情况,可能对猪只一生产生长期的影响。因此,仔猪断奶饲粮需要正确水平的营养素、营养源和高质量的添加剂,鼓励仔猪快速进食,减轻或消除断奶应激综合症,降低死亡率和发病率。养猪就是养"肠道",合理使用功能性氨基酸、植物化学物质和有机酸等添加剂,能够修复由于断奶应激综合症导致的肠道屏障功能障碍。 相似文献
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Pre-weaning eating activity and morphological parameters in the small and large intestine of piglets
The effect of pre-weaning eating activity on the intestinal morphology in piglets was investigated on the day of weaning and 5 days post-weaning. The eating activity of each piglet was recorded by means of direct observations. On day 5 post-weaning the villous heights were reduced and the crypt depths were increased irrespective of the pre-weaning eating activity. In the caecum and colon the crypt depth was increased post-weaning and no effect of pre-weaning eating activity was observed. The muscle thickness in the small intestine did not change during the immediate post-weaning period whereas the muscle thickness in the large intestine was doubled in the same period. In conclusion, pre-weaning eating activity did not affect the structural alterations of the small and large intestine. However, the actual number of piglets consuming creep feed prior to weaning was low and the eating activity was highly variable. Therefore, more or later weaned piglets may be needed to show effects of pre-weaning eating activity. 相似文献