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1.
Nielsen NI Ingvartsen KL Larsen T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2003,50(2):88-97
The objective was to study the diurnal variation in metabolites in plasma and milk of dairy cows fed total mixed rations (TMR) with a low-energy (LE) or high-energy content (HE) expected to give a minor and a major diurnal variation, respectively. Further, the purpose was to quantify and compare the responses in plasma and milk parameters when cows changed from ad libitum to restrictive feeding. Eight multiparous, early-lactating Danish Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design with two consecutive 14-day periods. Blood and milk samples were collected hourly on day 11 of each period and on days 12-14 of each period, the cows were fed restrictively (65% of ad libitum dry-matter intake). The concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in plasma was significantly higher in the evening for cows fed the HE TMR, than for cows fed the LE TMR. There was a significant diurnal variation in BHB in milk, with the highest concentrations between milkings and the lowest concentrations at milking. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma showed significant diurnal variation that was caused by high concentrations in the morning. Plasma glucose did not show any diurnal variation. It has been argued that feeding a TMR removes diurnal changes related to feeding, which is contrary to earlier diurnal studies where concentrates have been fed twice daily. Feed restriction increased (P < 0.001) NEFA and BHB in plasma by 121 and 90%, respectively, while the glucose concentration decreased (P < 0.001) by 19%. Milk concentrations of BHB, citrate and fat increased (P < 0.001) by 163, 11 and 26%, respectively, because of feed restriction, while there were no changes in milk protein and lactose. The relatively high increase in BHB during feed restriction suggests that BHB is more advantageous as a milk indicator of metabolic status in dairy cows than citrate and fat. 相似文献
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选择健康、泌乳月份与产奶量相近的多胎荷斯坦泌乳牛20头,随机分成5组,每组4头,研究日粮中添加商业来源的瘤胃保护共轭亚油酸钙盐(Ca-CLA)同时添加自然来源亚油酸(葵花油)对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验期为52d。对照组基础日粮为60%粗饲料(苜蓿、羊草、青贮)和40%精料(以DM为基础),处理组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加Ca-CLA100g/d·头(CLA)、葵花油350g/d·头(Sunf);Ca-CLA100g/d·头 葵花油350g/d·头(CLA Sunf),Ca-CLA50g/d·头 葵花油175g/d·头(1/2CLA 1/2Sunf)。结果表明:在奶牛日粮中,单独添加自然来源亚油酸产奶量较对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而单独添加共轭亚油酸钙盐或与自然来源亚油酸高低不同剂量添加产奶量较对照组都分别显著提高2.20%、9.95%、11.16%,无论单独添加自然来源亚油酸或Ca-CLA或二者以高低不同剂量同时添加,牛奶的乳脂率较对照组都分别显著降低15.0%,6.24%,21.74%,14.35%。总之,奶牛日粮中同时添加Ca-CLA和自然来源亚油酸能显著提高产奶量,降低乳脂率,并且,减少Ca-CLA的添加量同时添加自然来源亚油酸可以达到高剂量添加Ca-CLA相同的效果。 相似文献
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饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响。采用重复 ４×４拉丁方设计,８头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为 ４个处理。４个处理的饲粮 ＣＰ水平分别为 １２．５６％、１３．９６％、１５．５３％和 １６．９３％。试验分为 ４个周期,每个周期１８ｄ。在 ４ｄ收集期内,全量收集粪、尿,每天测量产奶量、乳成分和干物质摄入量（ＤＭＩ）,并在收集期最后 １ｄ采集血样。结果表明：４个饲粮处理的 ＤＭＩ基本相同（Ｐ＞０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平１２．５６％的产奶量和能量校正奶（ＥＣＭ）明显低于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％的产奶量和 ＥＣＭ 基本相同,其中饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％和１６．９３％的产奶量分别为２８．１８和２８．７２ｋｇ／ｄ,ＥＣＭ分别为３２．６４和３２．０４ｋｇ／ｄ;乳成分中仅乳蛋白率随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平增加而提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％和 １３．９６％的乳氮效率明显高于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １５．５３％和 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）;随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平的提高,尿氮排出量不断增加,乳氮排出量也缓慢上涨,体内氮沉积显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,只有饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的粪氮排出量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％的血液瘦素浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,催乳素（ＰＲＬ）、生长激素（ＧＨ）、胰岛素样生长因子 １（ＩＧＦ １）、血糖、非酯化脂肪酸（ＮＥＦＡ）和 β－羟丁酸（ＢＨＢＡ）浓度较高;而饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的血浆尿素氮（ＰＵＮ）浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,胰岛素和 ＧＨ浓度较高,ＩＧＦ １浓度较低。由此可见,饲粮 ＣＰ水平１３．９６％适合中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量２８ｋｇ／ｄ或 ＥＣＭ３２ｋｇ／ｄ的泌乳性能、氮利用和内分泌调节。 相似文献
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Paula A. Gonzalez-Rivas Megan Sullivan Jeremy J. Cottrell Brian J. Leury John B. Gaughan Frank R. Dunshea 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1763-1769
Feeding low-fiber and high-energy diets to dairy cows is one approach to ameliorate heat stress (HS) by reducing heat increment (HI) during digestion. However, rapidly and slowly fermentable cereal grains differ in their HI. The aim of this experiment was to quantify if feeding slowly fermentable grains ameliorated the physiological responses to HS and improved milk production (MP) in dairy cows. Holstein-Friesian lactating dairy cows were housed in shaded pens and were fed either a total mixed ration (TMR) plus wheat (TMRW), a TMR plus wheat treated with 2% of a commercial starch-binding agent (TMRB), or a TMR plus corn (TMRC) (n?=?8 cows per diet) during summer in Queensland, Australia. Respiration rate (RR) and panting score (PS) were measured four times a day; rumen temperature (RuT) was recorded every 20 min, and rectal temperature (RT) and milk samples were obtained every 4 days. Cows fed slowly fermentable grains had higher milk production (MP) than cows fed TMRW, and cows fed TMRC had lower RT than those fed TMRW and TMRB (P?<?0.001). Rumen temperature was positively correlated with temperature-humidity index and negatively correlated with MP (P?<?0.05). In summary, feeding TMRC ameliorated HS as indicated by lower RT and improved MP in dairy cows. Milk production was improved with starch-binding agents; however, this was not associated with efficient thermoregulatory responses. Furthermore, determination of RuT enabled the prediction of changes in physiological variables and productive responses due to HS in lactating dairy cows. 相似文献
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选取40头健康荷斯坦泌乳盛期奶牛完全随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组牛群饲喂基础日粮,试验组牛群在基础饲料中添加20 g/（日.头）的瘤胃保护胆碱,分三次饲喂,瘤胃保护胆碱直接投喂于TMR日粮上。试验期60 d。测定了产奶量,牛奶中的乳脂率、乳蛋白、体细胞数。试验结果表明：在本试验的条件下,试验组牛群在基础饲料中添加20 g/（日.头）的瘤胃保护胆碱后,奶牛的平均产奶量显著提高了1.6%（P〈0.05）,乳脂率提高了0.06%（P〈0.05）;乳蛋白率、乳蛋白量、乳脂量、体细胞数均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
7.
试验旨在研究发芽玉米对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵、血液成分、产奶性能及乳品质的影响。选取胎次、分娩日龄、产奶量相近的荷斯坦泌乳奶牛15头,试验分为3组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮(TMR和苜蓿干草),T1、T2组分别在基础日粮中添加20%发芽玉米和20%发酵发芽玉米。结果表明,添加发芽玉米及发酵发芽玉米均能降低瘤胃pH的变化幅度,提高挥发性脂肪酸和氨态氮浓度,但差异均不显著(P＞0.05);与对照组相比,T1、T2组4%乳脂校正乳极显著提高(P＜0.01),并可显著提高T2组的饲料效率(P＜0.05),显著降低乳中体细胞数(P＜0.05);T1、T2组具有降低乳中胆固醇含量的趋势,并对血液成分无显著影响。因此,饲料中添加发芽玉米可改善瘤胃内环境,显著提高产奶量与饲料效率,显著降低乳中体细胞数,且乳中胆固醇含量有降低的趋势。 相似文献
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泌乳奶牛饲喂包被赖氨酸对生产性能及乳成分的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选择产奶量和分娩时间相近的头胎荷斯坦奶牛12头,采用单因子3水平4重复随机设计,比较在精料混合料中添加自制的包被赖氨酸0(对照)、0.4%和0.6%三个水平时的饲喂效果,包被赖氨酸的芯材为L—赖氨酸盐酸盐。试验期66天,其中预试期10天,试期内每三天测一次日产奶量,每2周取一次中午奶样用以测定乳糖、乳脂、乳蛋白及乳脂固形物,精料混合料采用试验场现行配方,精料供给量根据前一天的产奶量,用下面的公式算出:精料量(千克)=3千克(维持) 0.265～0.32×前一天的产奶量(千克)。结果显示:添加包被赖氨酸对增加产奶量和改善乳的品质有促进作用,平均日产奶量和4%乳脂校正乳产量、乳蛋白、乳脂、乳糖及总固形物的含量都是以添加0.6%的包被赖氨酸组最好,其中日均产奶量和4%乳脂校正乳产量分别比对照组提高6.8%和10.8%。 相似文献
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丙酸钙对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能和代谢产物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用32头经产奶牛,根据泌乳期、上个泌乳期305 d产奶量和预产期,采用随机区组设计分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1、2、3组分别在基础日粮基础上添加丙酸钙100、200、300 g/d.结果显示,日粮添加丙酸钙对奶牛的采食量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质率无显著影响,200、300 g/d组产奶量和饲料转化效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).200、300 g/d组血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);200、300 g/d组尿酮浓度显著低于对照组和100 g/d组(P<0.05).试验结果表明,丙酸钙适宜添加量为200 g/d. 相似文献
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选择出生日期、胎次、产奶量和体重相近的16头健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组(对照组、试验1组、试验2组、试验3组),每组4头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别依次添加0.5、1.5 kg和2.5 kg的膨化全脂大豆,预试期12 d,正试期60 d,研究不同膨化水平全脂大豆对产奶性能的影响。结果表明:试验1组、2组和3组的产奶量和标准乳产量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著;乳脂率试验1组、2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验3组和对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);乳蛋白率试验2组、3组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),对照组和试验1组差异不显著(P>0.05);而对乳中非脂固形物的影响,4个组间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑在奶牛日粮干物质中添加1.5 kg的膨化全脂大豆对提高产奶量和乳品质是最有利的。 相似文献
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《The Professional Animal Scientist》2004,20(3):270-277
Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design with repeated measures to study milk production of cows supplemented or not supplemented with concentrate when they were switched to a total mixed ration (TMR) after grazing. In one group, cows grazed an or-chardgrass/bromegrass pasture and were assigned to one of two treatments: 1) unsupplemented (U; 1 kg/d mineral mix) or 2) concentrate supplemented (CS; 1 kg corn-based concentrate/4 kg milk). Total DMI was greater (26.5 vs 22.0 kg/d), but pasture DMI was less (16.8 vs 21.2 kg/ d), for CS cows because of the substitution rate of 0.49 kg pasture/kg concentrate. Overall, CS cows had greater 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) (32.9 vs 26.5 kg/d), but less milk urea N (MUN; 9.6 vs 14.7 mg/dL) and milk fat (3.13% vs 3.88%), than U cows. Milk response to supplementation averaged 1.08 kg milk/kg concentrate. Cows assigned to both treatments lost BW (-17 kg/d) and body condition score (BCS) (-0.33). At the end of the 6-wk grazing period, all cows were switched to a TMR fed in confinement for 11 wk. Overall, DMI (24.3 kg/d), 3.5% FCM (30.6 kg/d), milk fat (3.26%), milk true protein (2.87%), and MUN (12.7 mg/dL) did not differ between treatments. Cows gained BW (53 kg) and BCS (0.33). A significant treatment × time interaction was found for milk yield. During the first day of TMR feeding, milk yield was greater (30.9 vs 19.3 kg/d) for CS cows. After 10 d on a TMR, milk yields between cows that had previously been on the U or CS treatments did not differ (35.5 kg/d). When cows were switched from only pasture to a TMR, milk yield was comparable with that of cows fed CS after 10 d. Lack of carry-over effects of previous treatments and increased production suggest improvement in nutrition and the potential for greater animal well-being for cows housed in a tiestall barn and fed a nutritionally complete TMR. 相似文献
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The effects of supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) sources on milk yield and composition,nitrogen (N) balance,and ruminal fermentation were evaluated in lactating dairy cows fed energy-deficient total mixed rations (TMR).Fifty-six lactating Holstein cows (36.8 ±3.4 kg/d of milk yield; 152 ±26days in milk [ DIM ] ) were randomly assigned to one of four diets:( 1 ) basal TMR ( control ) ; ( 2 ) basal TMR + 1.25 kg/d sucrose (SUC) ; ( 3 ) basal TMR + 2.12 kg/d steam-flaked corn ( SFC ) ; ( 4 ) basal TMR + 2.23 kg/d wheat (WHE).The trial lasted 70 days,including the first 10 days of adaptation.Simultaneously,a 4 × 4 Latin square trial was conducted with four ruminally cannulated cows of similar DMI (Dry Matter Intake) fed on the above four diets.Each testing period lasted 18 days:15 days for adaptation and 3 days for sampling.Cows fed SUC-,SFC-,and WHE-supplemented diets produced 1.6,2.9,and 0.8 kg/d,respectively,more milk than those on the basal TMR control diet,but the difference was not significant (P =0.160).However,the production of energy-corrected milk of cows fed CHO-supplemented diets improved significantly (P =0.020),and the yield of 4％ fat-corrected milk tended to be higher (P =0.063 ) than in control animals.Percentages of milk protein,lactose and solidsnot-fat (SNF) increased significantly in cows fed CHO-supplemented diets ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and yields of milk protein and SNF were significantly higher (P＜0.05); yields of milk fat and lactose were somewhat higher ( P ＜ 0.10 ).Cows receiving supplementary CHO diets consumed more DM (Dry Matter) ( P =0.023 ) ; however,there was no significant difference in N retention,digestibility,or utilization efficiency among the treatments (P ＞ 0.10 ).The average ruminal pH was lowest in cows supplemented with SUC,while that in cows supplemented with SFC and WHE was only slightly reduced (P =0.025 ).Ruminal NH3-N concentration was highest with no supplementary CHO ( P =0.017 ),and changes in postfeeding time were similar across the diets.Total volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly lower in control animals than in those on SUC- and WHE-supplemented diets ( P =0.001 ) ; significant dietary responses were observed in the concentrations of acetate,butyrate,and branched-chain fatty acids and in the acetate-to-propionate ratio ( P ＜ 0.001 ).These results indicate that supplementation with different CHO sources in energy-deficient diets substantially improved the balance of energy and N in the rumen,altered ruminal fermentation,and improved lactation performance in dairy cows. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究添加不同水平复合酶制剂对瘤胃发酵及奶牛生产性能的影响。试验一以奶牛全混合日粮作为底物进行体外瘤胃发酵试验,分为4组,即对照组不添加酶制剂,试验1、2和3组的酶制剂添加量分别为日粮浓度的0.10%、0.15%和0.20%,每组设9个重复。每个重复准确称取0.500 g底物,在体外发酵产气自动记录装置上发酵48 h,测定其发酵参数和营养物质降解率。结果表明:复合酶制剂显著提高发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度(P<0.05);试验组中粗蛋白(P<0.05)和中性洗涤纤维(P<0.01)降解率显著高于对照组。试验二选择体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相近的泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛36头,采用随机区组设计分为4组,即对照组和试验1、2和3组,对照组不添加酶制剂,试验1、2和3组分别添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的酶制剂,每组9个重复,试验期8周,测定产奶量和乳成分含量,计算3.5%乳脂校正乳。结果表明:复合酶制剂显著提高3.5%乳脂校正乳产量(P<0.05),0.10%、0.15%和0.20%组比对照组分别提高3.88、4.27和2.26 kg·d-1。0.15%组的乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),比对照组高12.7%。结论添加复合酶制剂有利于瘤胃发酵和提高生产性能,且添加量为0.15%时效果较好。 相似文献
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目的:研究酶制剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能和疾病的影响.方法:选取28头泌乳荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,每组14头.2组奶牛在全混合日粮上分别添加0、20 g/(头·d)复合酶制剂FE907,实验期4周.结果:实验组奶牛日均产乳量提高了1.6 kg/d(P＞0.05);实验组乳脂率比对照组提高0.08％,乳脂量提高0.09 kg/d,差异显著(P＜0.05),乳蛋白率提高0.06％,乳蛋白量提高0.07 kg/d,经济效益每天每头奶牛比对照组多盈利6.28元.结论:奶牛日粮中添加20 g/(头·d)的奶牛复合酶制剂FE907,可以提高产乳量,改善乳成分,提高经济效益,同时,可以在一定程度上降低患乳房炎的风险. 相似文献
15.
为研究饲料中添加复合酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能、氮排放及血液生化指标的影响,选取年龄、体重、产奶量及泌乳期相近(135±15) d的荷斯坦奶牛24头,随机分为4组,每个处理6个重复,对照组和3个试验组的复合酵母培养物添加量分别为精料浓度的0,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,随精料饲喂,测定产奶量、乳成分、氮排放及血液生化指标,结果表明,1)试验2组日均产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组分别比对照组提高8.48%,10.05%,8.97%。2)复合酵母培养物能显著提高乳脂和乳蛋白率(P<0.05),显著降低牛奶体细胞数(P<0.05),以试验2组最低。3)在氮排放量上,试验2组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组比对照组分别降低8.47%,12.01%,9.36%。4)在血液生化指标方面,复合酵母培养物能提高血清中总蛋白、球蛋白、血糖、胰岛素水平(P<0.05),降低尿素氮水平(P<0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,综合考虑产奶量、乳成分、氮排放及血液生化指标,复合酵母培养物的最佳添加量为精料浓度的1.0%。 相似文献
16.
Milk production is increased in lactating cows treated with bovine somatotropin (bST) because a greater portion of absorbed nutrients are partitioned for milk synthesis. This homeorhetic action may be caused by alterations in response of key tissues to homeostatic signals. To examine this theory, acute metabolic challenges were administered to 8 multiparous Holstein cows (61 +/- 2 days postpartum) receiving daily subcutaneous injections of pituitary-derived bST (26.3 mg) or excipient during two 14-day treatment periods (crossover experimental design). Treatment with bST increased milk yield 12%. Feed intake did not change so that net energy balance decreased (+ .5 vs. -4.3 Mcal/day). Plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were chronically elevated in bST-treated cows, consistent with energy balance differences. However, baseline concentrations of glucose, insulin, and glucagon in plasma did not differ. On the last 3 days of treatment, individual metabolic challenges were administered via jugular cannulas: epinephrine (700 ng/kg BW), glucose (250 mg/kg BW), insulin (1.0 micrograms/kg BW), and glucagon (175 ng/kg BW). Plasma glucose was reduced after the insulin challenge to a lesser extent during bST treatment. In bST-treated cows, the increase in plasma NEFA in response to epinephrine was greater, and NEFA concentrations were lowered to a greater extent after insulin and glucose challenges. Glucose, insulin, and glucagon removal rates were not altered, nor was plasma glucose response to epinephrine or glucagon challenges. Treatment of lactating cows with bST primarily altered the response of adipose tissue to homeostatic signals which affect lipid metabolism. 相似文献
17.
RPLM对泌乳后期奶牛血液代谢物、产乳量和乳成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用 8头经产荷斯坦种乳牛 ,分为对照和瘤胃保护赖氨酸 蛋氨酸 (RPLM )组 ,以二乘反转法 ,研究了RPLM对泌乳后期奶牛瘤胃发酵、血液指标、产乳量和乳成分的影响。对照日粮中添加 10 0 g/d保护材料 ,RPLM组日粮中添加 10 0g/d含Lys 11 6g、Met 4 7g的保护制品。RPLM组与对照组比较 ,血浆游离Lys、Met浓度略有增加 (P >0 1) ,血浆葡萄糖浓度有增加趋势 (P <0 1) ,干物质采食量无明显变化 ,乳量和 4%的标准乳量分别增加 0 5kg/d(2 2 %)和 0 8kg/d(3 5 %) ,乳蛋白率、乳脂率和乳糖率均略高于对照组 (0 0 1%0 0 6%) ,乳蛋白质和乳脂肪生产量分别增加 2 0g/d和 40 g/d ,饲料蛋白质转化为乳蛋白质的效率提高5 9%,但均无明显差异 (P >0 1)。以上结果表明 :泌乳后期奶牛日粮中添加瘤胃保护赖氨酸和蛋氨酸 ,没有明显地提高产乳量和改善乳成分的效果。 相似文献
18.
为了研究日粮中添加不同剂量的柴胡(Radix bupleuri)提取物对热应激奶牛生理指标、生产性能和血液代谢的影响,采用完全随机区组试验设计,根据产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次将48头健康的泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组12头,在基础日粮中分别添加0、0.5、2.5、5.0g·kg~(-1)的柴胡提取物,试验期10周。结果表明,添加柴胡提取物对直肠温度、采食量、产奶量、乳蛋白产量和体细胞评分呈二次方程的影响(P0.05),采食量、产奶量和乳蛋白产量在0.5g·kg~(-1)添加水平时数值最大,直肠温度和体细胞评分在0.5g·kg~(-1)添加水平时数值最小。随着柴胡提取物添加剂量的增加,乳尿素氮、乳脂率、总固形物和血液中白蛋白、尿素氮、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和β-羟丁酸浓度均线性降低(P0.05),甘油三酯浓度线性增加(P0.01)。与对照组相比,2.5和5.0g·kg~(-1)组的血浆尿素氮浓度显著增高(P=0.05),5.0g·kg~(-1)组的总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度显著高于对照组和0.5g·kg~(-1)组。因此,本研究建议柴胡提取物在热应激奶牛上的适宜用量为0.5g·kg~(-1),低于5.0g·kg~(-1)的剂量为安全用量。 相似文献
19.
J. Boguhn H. Kluth M. Bulang T. Engelhard J. Spilke M. Rodehutscord 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(6):694-704
The objective was to study whether thermally treated lupins (TTL) can replace solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) in dairy cow rations. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were used. They differed in the inclusion of the main protein feeds (TTL alone, TTL + RSM and RSM + SBM) but were equal in organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content. In vitro organic matter fermentation was not significantly different between the TMR. Efficiency of microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis was significantly higher for TMR RSM + SBM than for TTL. In vitro gas production potential was similar for the three TMR. The maximal rate of gas production was achieved later in TMR TTL than in RSM + SBM. Feed intake of dairy cows was significantly lower when TMR TTL was fed than when TMR TTL + RSM or RSM + SBM were fed. Milk yield was significantly lower with the high inclusion rate of TTL in comparison with the other TMR. The contents of milk protein and milk fat were significantly lower when the two TTL containing TMR were fed in comparison with the RSM + SBM ration. Effects of TTL inclusion on MCP synthesis may affect the amino acid supply to the duodenum of cows to a greater extent than differences in the degradability of feed proteins. 相似文献
20.
选用60头中国荷斯坦奶牛,按照胎次、体况及产乳量随机分成A、B两组（n=30）。A组牛为对照组,饲喂含有奶牛原有青贮饲料的全混合日粮（TMR）;B组为试验组,在A组饲喂全混合日粮的基础上,每吨另添加0．5kgThepax（宝利肥）。结果表明,Thepax（宝利肥）对纤毛虫种类、数量和挥发性脂肪酸浓度及其组成无显著影响（P〉0．05）。两组乳牛干物质采食量无明显差异,但Thepax（宝利肥）组可以显著提高产乳量（P〈0．05）;添加Thepax（宝利肥）后,B组乳脂肪率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、干物质率、脂肪蛋白比的值分别比A组提高2．56％、1．26％、1．30％、0．26％、1．50％。 相似文献